User:Altaileopard
I am from Nürnberg in Franconia, Germany. Here, in the english Wikipedia, I work almost exclusively on vertebrates, escpecially wild, recent mammals and pleistocene mammals. I am also active as Altaileopard in the german Wikipedia.
The World´s Greatest Wildlife Reserves
[edit]This list is a work base for me and might also inspire people to visit these places. Tourism could be on a long term the best chance to save large wildlife reserves especially in poor countries. So please do keep visiting wildlife sanctuaries and help conserve the big game of our earth (...if you have the opportunity). Some of the listed reserves are also important areas for birds and some include marine habitats, but the focus is on large terrestrial animals, which often rely on large, undisturbed reserves.
Australian Region
[edit]
- Yumbarra and Gawler Ranges (South Australia): Yellabinna Regional Reserve, Yumbarra Conservation Park, Pureba Conservation Park, Koolgarra Conservation Park, Gawler Ranges National Park
- Shrubland, semi desert, and desert with dingo, large population of the Southern hairy-nosed wombat, red kangaroo, emu. In Gawler Ranges also a population of the rare yellow-footed rock-wallaby
- Kangaroo Island Nature Reserves (South Australia): Flinders Chase National Park (328 km²), Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area
- Wet Tropics of Queensland (Queensland): Daintree National Park (1,200 km²),
- Australian rainforest with Southern cassowary, Bennett's tree-kangaroo, musky rat-kangaroo, swamp wallaby, platypus, and short-beaked echidna
- Lorentz National Park (25,056 km²; New Guinea, Indonesia)
- Rainforests between sea shore and alpine areas inhabited by Southern cassowary, long-beaked echidna, short-beaked echidna, dingiso and other tree kangaroos
Southern Asia
[edit]| Name | Protected area | Notable mammal species | Reserves | Map | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komodo National Park (Indonesia) | ca. 1800 km² | Komodo dragon, Javan rusa deer, wild boar |
|
  |
|
| Ujung Kulon (Java, Indonesia) | 1.206 km² | Last refuge of the Javan rhinoceros; also Java leopard, Javan rusa and Javan banteng |
|
|
|
| Way Kambas National Park (Sumatra, Indonesia) | 1.300 km² | Important stronghold for Sumatran tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros, Sumatran elephant, and Malayan tapir |
|
|
|
| Gunung Leuser National Park (Sumatra, Indonesia) | 9.000 km² | One of the largest populations of Sumatran tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros, Sumatran orang utan, and Sumatran elephant |
|
|
|
| Kinabatangan and Danum Valley (Borneo, Malaysia) | ne of the most important refugees for Borneo elephant, Sumatran rhinoceros and Bornean banteng, also home to Bornean orang-utan (mainly Danum valley), Bornean clouded leopard, sambar deer, and proboscis monkey (especially Kinabatangan) | |
| ||
| Taman-Negara (Malay Peninsula, Malaysia) | One of the last refugees for Malayan tiger, Indochinese leopard, Sumatran rhinoceros, Malayan gaur (seladang) and Asian elephant |
|
 |
| |
| Western Forest Complex (Thailand) | 18,730 km² | Largest protected area in mainland South East Asia with almost complete forest large mammal fauna, including Indochinese tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, dhole, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo (perhaps last population of southeast Asia), gaur, banteng, sambar deer |
|
 |
|
| Mondulkiri Plains (Laos) | Dry forest and evergreen forest landscape, holding the worldwide largest population of banteng, large population of Asian elephant. It is one of the last refuges of brow-antlered deer and has good potential for a large tiger population. Also other mammals like leopard, dhole, wild boar. |
|
 |
||
| Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Karnataka / Tamil Nadu / Kerala, India) | 5,520 km² | Asian elephant, gaur, Bengal tiger, leopard, Asian wild dog, chital, sambar, black buck, four-horned antelope, wild boar and some species endemic to South India, like Nilgiri tahr, Nilgiri langur, and lion-tailed macaque |
|
 |
|
| Kaziranga National Park (Assam, India) | 430 km² | Very large populations of Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, and wild water buffalo; also large populations of bengal tiger, barasingha, sambar deer, and hog deer | |
| |
| Manas (Assam,India/Bhutan) | km² | Manas and Royal Manas: Bengal tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, sloth bear, Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, wild water buffalo, gaur, barasingha, pygmy hog, hoolock gibbon, barking deer, hog deer, sambar deer; Jigme Dorji: snow leopard and blue sheep.Phibsoo: chital | |
| |
| Chitwan (Nepal/India) | Bengal tiger, leopard, Indian rhinoceros (one of the largest populations), Asian elephant, sambar deer, axis deer |
|
|
| |
| Corbett-Rajaji (Uttarakhand,India) | km² | Indian elephant, tiger, leopard, spotted deer, sambar deer, nilgai |
|
|
|
| Kanha (Madhya Pradesh, India) | Large population of bengal tiger; also dhole, gaur, barasingha, chital |
|
|
| |
| Ranthambore-Kuno (Rajasthan, India) | Bengal tigers, sloth bear, Indian leopard, nilgai, sambar deer, chital, and Indian gazelles in a dry savannah habitat, Kuno is also possible reintroduction site of Asian lion and cheetah and has feral zebu cattle (proxy to extinct Indian aurochs) |
|
|
| |
| Gir Forest (Gujarat,India) | Last stronghold of the Asiatic lion; also leopard, nilgai, chital, sambar |
|
|
| |
| Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary (Gujarat, India) | ca. 5000 km² | Last strongjold of the Asian wild ass; also Indian wolf, nilgai, |
|
|
|
- Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (2,871 km²; Sulawesi)
- Important refuge for the larger mammals of Sulawesi, like Lowland anoa, babirusa, Sulawesi warty pig
- Khao Yai National Park and adjoining reserves (Thailand)
- Indochinese Tiger (few), leopard, clouded leopard, dhole, Asian elephant, gaur, sambar deer; originally also kouprey
- Vu Quang National Park (Vietnam) and Nakai–Nam Theun (Lao)
- saola, giant muntjac, Red-shanked douc, gaur
- Sundarbans (India, Bangladesh): Sunderbans National Park
- Large population of bengal tigers in a Mangrove Swamp, other animals include chital, wild boar and saltwater crocodile
- Bardia-Dudhwa National Parks (Nepal/India): Bardia National Park, Dudhwa National Park and Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve
- Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, bengal tiger, barasingha, sambar deer, chital
- Bandhavgarh(India): Bandhavgarh National Park
- Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, leopard, gaur, nilgai, sambar deer, chital, indian gazelle
- Yala National Park (Sri Lanka)
- Sri Lankan leopard, Asian elephant, water buffalo
- Large population of black buck antelope and also nilgai, Indian wolf, striped hyena
- Negev Desert with Makhtesh Ramon and Ein Avdat National Park
- Arabian wolf, Small relict population of Arabian leopard; also Nubian ibex, dorcas gazelle, as well as introduced Asian wild ass and Arabian oryx
- Mahazat as-Sayd (2.244 km²; Saudi Arabia)
- Very large enclosured desert area free from domestic live stock, large population of Arabian oryx and Arabian goitered gazelle
Africa
[edit]| Name | Protected area | Notable mammal species | Reserves | Map | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsavo and Kilimanjaro (Kenya/Tansania) | >20.000 km² | Typical East African dry savannah elements like gerenuk, hirola, Grevy's zebra, and fringe-eared oryx; also Tsavo lion, leopard, cheetah, spotted hyena, striped hyena, African hunting dog, African elephant, black rhinoceros, common zebra, warthog, cape buffalo, eland, masai giraffe, lesser kudu, Coke's hartebeest, waterbuck, impala, bohor reedbuck, bushbuck, Blue Duiker, bush duiker, red duiker, klipspringer, suni, yellow baboon |  |
| |
| Serengeti (Tansania/Kenia) | ca. 25,000 km² | biggest herds of big game in the world, among them blue wildebeest, plains zebra, and African buffalos; in addtition complete African savannah fauna with African elephant, lion, wild dog, spotted hyena, leopard, hippopotamus, giraffe, common eland and a few remaining black rhinos |
|
|
|
| KAZA (Botswana) | ca. 444.000 km² | worldwide largest population of African elephant and one of few viable wild dog populations; in addition complete megafauna of Southern African savannah, including lion, leopard, cheetah, spotted hyena, white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, hippopotamus, plains zebra, African buffalo, giraffe, blue wildebeest, sable, greater kudu, hartebeest, sassaby, impala, warthog; in the swamps also red lechwe, sitatunga and Nile corocodile |
|
|
|
| Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (South Africa/Mosambique) | ca. 30,000 km² | Complete Southern African savannah fauna with African lion, leopard, cheetah, wild dog, spotted hyena, African elephant, white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, plains zebra, African Cape buffalo, giraffe, greater kudu, blue wildebeet, impala ect. |
|
|
|
| Etosha-Skeleton Coast (Nambibia) | Typical fauna of the Namib-Etosha area, like gemsbock, springbuck, desert elephants, mountain zebra, lion, leopard, cheetah; also typical savannah fauna with plains zebra, impala, giraffe |
|
|
| |
| South Luangwa National Park (Zambia) | 9.050 km² | Complete African savannah fauna including some large mammal forms restricted to the Luangwa valley region, like Cookson's wildebeest, Crawshay's zebra, and Thornicroft giraffe; also lion, leopard, spotted hyena, African elephant, African buffalo, hippo, kob, impala |
|
|
.jpg)
|
| W.A.P. National Park Complex (Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso) | > 14,000 km² | One of the largest populations of the West African lion, largest elephant population of western Africa, one of the last populations of the Northwest African cheetah; also leopard, wild dog, spotted hyena, Sudanese buffalo, korrigum, Western hartebeest, roan antelope, Defassa waterbuck, Buffon kob, red-fronted gazelle, warthog |
|
|
|
| Nature Reserves of the Virunga Mountains (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Ruanda) | Last populations of the mountain gorilla; in addition chimpanzee, okapi, bongo, giant forest hog, red river hog, African elephant, lion, leopard, African buffalo, defassa waterbuck, buffon kob, yellow-backed duiker |
|
|
| |
| Dzanga-Sangha Complex ((Cameroon / Republic of the Congo / Central African Republic)) | Central African rainforest area with large clearings inhabited by forest elephants, forest buffaloes, bongo antelopes, leopards |
|
|
| |
- Fenced areas with scimitar oryx, addax, dama gazelle; wild population of dorcas gazelle; potential reintroduction site for Cuvier's gazelle and hartebeest (entirely extinct in North Africa)
- Tassili n'Ajjer National Park, Ahaggar National Park and Aïr and Ténéré National Nature Reserve (Algeria, Niger)
- Large reserves in the Sahara desert with Northwest African cheetah, dorcas gazelle, Barbary sheep
- Lower Valley of the Awash (Ethiopia): Awash National Park, Yangudi Rassa National Park and Mille-Serdo Wild Ass Reserve
- One of the last refugees for the critically endangered African wild ass.
- Waza National Park (Cameron)
- One of the last populations of lion and elephant in western Africa and one of the last populations of the Kordofan giraffe; also leopard, kob antelope, warthog, roan, red-fronted gazelle and korrigum
- Samburu-Mount Kenya (Kenya): Samburu National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve, Shaba National Reserve, Lewa Wildlife Conservancy and Mount Kenya National Park (Kenia)
- Typical dry savannah animals of northern Kenya like gerenuk, warthog, Grant's gazelle, Kirk's dik-dik, Grevy's zebra, Beisa oryx and reticulated giraffe; in addition lion, cheetah, leopard, African elephant, buffalo, hippopotamus, impala, and waterbuck
- Selous (Tansania)
- One of the largest reserves in Africa and home to large populations of elephants, hippos, African wild dogs, Cape buffaloes and Nyassaland wildebeest
- Addo, Camdeboo and Mountain Zebra National Park (South Africa)
- Typical fauna of the Cape including Cape mountain zebra, black wildebeest, blesbuck, red hartebeest, gemsbock; in addition also Cape buffalo, cheetah and black rhino (in Addo also african elephant, lion and spotted hyena
- Niokolo Koba National Park (Senegal)
- Last refuge for the Western giant eland, also West African lion, leopard, African buffalo, hippo
- Boma National Park and Gambela National Park (Southern Sudan / Ethiopia)
- Large herds of white-eared kob and tiang
- Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of Congo)
- Large rainforest south of the Kongo River, home to bonobos, leopards and a few African forest elephants
- Rainforests of West Gabon: Loangao National Park, Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Waka National Park, Lopé National Park (Gabon)
- African forest elephant, Central chimpanzee, Western lowland gorilla, leopard, bongo; Lopé NP has one of the largest populations of the mandrill
- Taï National Park (Ivory Coast)
- One of the last populations of the Pygmy Hippo, also African forest elephant, Western chimpanzee, leopard, giant forest hog, red river hog, bongo
- Semien Mountains National Park (Ethiopia)
- Last refuge for the Walia ibex; also Ethiopian wolf and gelada
- Isalo National Park (Madagascar)
- Rocky savannah with fossa, ring-tailed lemur, Verreaux's sifaka, red-fronted lemur
- Masoala National Park (Madagascar)
- Rainforest with red ruffed lemur and aye-aye
Northern Eurasia
[edit]| Name | Protected area | Notable mammal species | Reserves | Map | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest-Gobi (Mongolia) | Mongolin steppes, deserts and mountains with wolf, argali, Siberian ibex,
snow leopard, Mongolian gazelle (Gurvansaikhan), goitered gazelle, Asian wild ass, wild Bactrian camel (Great Gobi A), Gobi bear (Great Gobi A), Przewalski horse (Great Gobi B), wild boar (Gurvansaikhan) and one of the two last populations of the Mongolian saiga antelope in Sharga Nature Reserve |
|
 |
| |
| Changtang (Tibet, China) | Large reserves with Tibetan steppe with snow leopard, wolf, wild yak, kiang, argali, chiru. In Sanjiangyuan also white-lipped deer | |
| ||
| Sikhote-Alin (Far East, Russia) | Ussuri Taiga with Siberian tiger, Isubra deer, Ussuri wild boar, sika deer, moose, Siberian roe deer, musk deer, Asian black bear, brown bear | |
| ||
| Western Caucasus and Central Caucasus (Russia) | West Caucasian tur, East Caucasian tur, wisent, wolf, maral, chamois, roe deer, wild boar, brown bear, Eurasian lynx, leopard |  |
| ||
| Vashlovani (Armenia/Gerogia) | Persian leopard, wolf, brown bear, wild goat, Armenian mouflon, wild boar, goitered gazelle (extinct) |
|
 |
| |
| Golden Mountains of Altai (Russland / Mongolei / China / Kasachstan) * (includes Altai and Katun zapovedniks) | snow leopard, wolf, lynx, brown bear, Altai argali, Siberian ibex, Altai maral, Elk, Siberian roe deer, Siberian musk deer, raindeer |
|
 |
| |
| Everest Region (Nepal, China) | snow leopard, wolf, Himalayan tahr, serow, goral, bharal, Tibetan argali) | |
| ||
| Hemis and Dachigam (Jammu and Kashmir, India) | Hemis: Large population of snow leopards, also Tibetan argali, Ladakh urial, blue sheep and Siberian ibex; Dachigam: Last stronghold of the Kashmir stag |
|
|
||
| Altyn Emel-Almaty Region (Kazaksthan) | Asian wild ass, argali, goitered gazelle, snow leopard, wolf, Siberian ibex |  |
| ||
| Reserves of Kamchatka (Russia) | Stunning landscape with vulcanoes, boreal forest and mountain tundra: Kamchatka snow sheep, brown bear, wolf, caribou, moose |
|
|
| |
- Golestan National Park and Touran National Park including Miandasht Wildlife Refuge (Iran)
- Persian leopard, wolf, wild boar, maral, roe deer, urial, wild goat, goitered gazelle; in Touran also Asiatic cheetah, Persian onager
- Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries (Sichuan, China): Wolong National Nature Reserve)
- Giant panda, takin, leopard
- Wolga steppes: Chyornye Zemli Nature Reserve and Astrakhan Nature Reserve (Russia)
- Saiga antelope, wolf
- Białowieża (Poland / Belarus)
- One of the last populations of the European bison
- Sierra de Andújar (Spain)
- One of the last populations of the Spanish lynx. In addition Iberian red deer, European fallow deer, wild boar, mouflon, Spanish ibex
- Oostvaardersplassen (Netherlands)
- Largest herds of wild animals in Europe: heck cattle, konik, red deer
- Khustain Nuru and Gorkhi-Terelj (Mongolia) with Bogdkhan National Park and Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area
- Reintroduced Przewalski horses; also wolf, argali, Siberian ibex, Siberian wapiti, wild boar, roe deer
- Pamir-Karakoram: Taxkorgan Reserve, Khunjerab National Park, Central Karakoram National Park (China, Pakistan)
- Important reserves for Marco Polo sheep and snow leopard, also Flare-horned markhor, Asiatic ibex, blue sheep, Ladakh urial, wolf, brown bear
- Bathyz Nature Reserve (Turkmenistan)
- Important refuge for kulan, urial, wild goat, wild boar, striped hyena, Persian leopard
- Ili Delta (Kazakhstan): Planned National Park by joining the Nature Reserves Karoiskiy Zakaznik (509.00ha), Pribalhashaskiy Zakaznik (503.00 ha) and Kukanskkiy Zakaznik (49.100 ha)
- wolf, goitered gazelle, wild boar, roe deer, in the desert a few saiga antelopes; planned reintroduction of the Tiger, Bukhara deer and wild ass
- Bukhara deer, urial; One of the occurences of the extinct Caspian tiger and possible reintroduction site for closely related Siberian tiger
- Kedrovaya Pad and Leopardovy Wildlife Reserve, Hunchun Nature Reserve, Changbai Shan Nature Reserve
- Mountains of Southern Norway (Rondane National Park, Dovre National Park, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park and others; Norway)
- Several thousand sqkm mountain wilderness with one of the largest population of the wild reindeer in Europe, also musk ox, moose, brown bear, volverine, wolf
North America (except South)
[edit]| Name | Protected area | Notable mammal species | Reserves | Map | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska, USA) | Large herds of migrating caribou; also dall sheep, musk ox, moose, wolf, grizzly |  |
| ||
| Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) | One of the largest herds of American bison and almost all larger mammals of Northern America: wolf (reintroduced), puma, grizzly, American black bear, moose, pronghorn, elk, mule deer, mountain goat, bighorn sheep |  |
| ||
| Grand Canyon and Bryce Canyon (Arizona/Utah, USA) | Great landscape with puma, American black bear, desert bighorn sheep, wapiti, mule deer, feral donkeys |
|
|
| |
| Sonora & Coronado Forest (including proposed Madrean Sky Islands; Arizona / New Mexico, USA) | Semi desert and mountain forests with puma, jaguar (very few), American black bear, collared peccary, pronghorn, mule deer, white-tailed deer, wapiti; Mexican wolf further north in Apache Sitgreaves |
|
|
| |
- Ellesmere Island (Kanada)
- Musk ox, Peary caribou, Arctic wolf
- Denali (Alaska, USA)
- Great landscape with grizzly, wolf, volverine, dalls sheep, caribou, moose
- Very large brown bears, wolf, volverine, caribou, moose
- One of the largest populations of the dall sheep; also wolf, American black bear, grizzly, sitka black-tailed deer, moose, caribou, mountain goat, and introduced bison
- wolf, grizzly, American black bear, Canadian lynx, volverine, moose, bighorn sheep, wapiti
- Largest population of the American wood bison; also wolves, moose
- Dakota-Badlands (Badlands National Park, Wind Cave National Park (>1000 km²; South Dakota, USA), Theodore Roosevelt National Park (285 km²; North Dakota, USA)
- grasland and badlands with bison, bighorn sheep, mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn at Theodore Roosevelt National Park also mustang as a proxy for extinct pleistocene horses and wapiti
- Puma, American Black Bear, and Mule Deer in stunning landscape with Giant Sequoias
- puma, bobcat, American black bear, mule deer, white-tailed deer, collared peccary
- puma, white-tailed deer, Mississippi alligator
South- and Middle-America
[edit]
- Northern Jaguar Reserve (Mexico)
- Jaguar, puma, bobcat and ocelot. Important prey species of the large cats are white-tailed deer and javelinas.
- La Amistad International Park & Corcovado National Park including Humedal Nacional Terraba-Sierpe Park and potential corridor via the Térraba River valley (Costa Rica, Panama)
- Good population of Baird´s tapir and one of the final strongholds of the Jaguar in Central America; also ocelot, puma Central American squirrel monkey, white-faced capuchin, mantled howler, Geoffroy's spider monkey, two-toed and three-toed sloth, collared peccary, Northern tamandua and silky anteater.
- Llanos (Venezuela)
- Large populations of capybaras and many other wildlife in a wet savanna landscape.
- Sangay National Park (Equador)
- One of the mst important strongholds of the mountain tapir; also spectacled bears, pumas and Andean foxes, giant otters, jaguars, ozelots, margays, Brazilian tapirs, white-tailed deer, little red brocket deer and Northern pudus
- Jaú National Park (Brazil)
- Iguazu (Brazil / Argentinia): Iguazú National Park and Iguaçu National Park
- Kaaiya del Gran Chaco
- Gran Chaco with Chacoan peccary, a large population of jaguar, puma, Brazilian tapir and one of the northernmost populations of the guanaco
- Emas National Park (Brazil)
- Cerrado savannah with giant anteater, maned wolf, giant armadillo, pampas deer, greater rhea, puma, ozelot, Brazilian tapir, collared peccary, white-lipped peccary, marsh deer, red brocket, gray brocket, black howler monkey, capybara and a small population of jaguars
- Important area for the vicugna and other animals of the Altiplano
Contribution
[edit]Saiga antelope, Lion, Leopard, Tiger, Panthera leo fossilis, Pelorovis, Cave lion, American lion, Kanha National Park, Euceratherium, Homotherium, Smilodon, Boar, Red deer, Percrocutidae, Proailurus, Pseudaelurus, Paramachairodus, Felidae, Mouflon, Tibetan red deer ...
Links
[edit]- Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tree of life
- MSW3 mit Suchfunktion und Unterarten
- MSW3
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Mammals
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Mammals/Collaboration
- en.wikipedia.org article traffic statistics
- User:Altaileopard/Altais Mammal Quality offensive
- units
- TW
Important Literature
[edit]- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
- Malcolm C. Mc Kenna, Susan K. Bell: Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press; Auflage: New Ed (15. Februar 2000). ISBN: 978-0231110136
- David Macdonald: Die große Enzyklopädie der Säugetiere. Deutsche Ausgabe: Könemann in der Tandem Verlag GmbH, 2004 ISBN 3-8331-1006-6
- Paul S. Martin: Quaternary Extinctions. The University of Arizona Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8165-1100-4
- A. Turner: The big cats and their fossil relatives. Columbia University Press, 1997.ISBN 0-231-10229-1
- A. H. Müller: Lehrbuch der Paläozoologie, Band III Vertebraten, Teil 3 Mammalia, 2. Auflage. Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1989. ISBN 3-334-00223-3
- M. Barton: Wildes Amerika Zeugen der Eiszeit. Egmont Verlag, 2003. ISBN 3-8025-1558-7
- E. Thenius: Grundzüge der Faunen- und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Säugetiere, 2.Auflage, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1980
- Jean Dorst und Pierre Dandelot: Säugetiere Afrikas, Paul Parey Verlag, 1970. ISBN 3-490-01018-3
- K K Gurung & Raj Singh: Field Guide to the Mammals of the Indian Subcontinent, Academic Press, San Diego, ISBN 0-12-309350-3
- V. G. Heptner: Mammals of the Sowjetunion Vol. I Ungulates. Leiden, New York, 1989 ISBN 9004088741
- Jordi Augusti: Mammoths, Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe, Columbia University Press, 2002. ISBN 2001042251 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: checksum
- Claus Hilschmann: Fauna Band 8 Die Neotropische Region, Novaria-Verlag, 1971. ISBN 3-87991-048-0
- Vratislav Mazak: Der Tiger. Nachdruck der 3. Auflage von 1983. Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben, 2004 ISBN 3 894327596
- Alan Turner & Mauricio Anton: Evolving Eden. An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-Mammal Fauna. Columbia University Press, New York, 2004. ISBN 0-231-11944-5