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Industrial Light & Magic by ILMxLAB
Company typeDivision
Industry
FoundedMay 26, 1975; 49 years ago (1975-05-26)
FounderGeorge Lucas
Headquarters1110 Gorgas Ave. Letterman Digital Arts Center,
Presidio of San Francisco, California, 94129 United States
Key people
Rob Bredow (CCO, ILM)
Janet Lewin (General Manager, ILM)
Dennis Muren (Consulting Creative Director, ILM)
OwnerThe Walt Disney Company
Number of employees
1,200[1]
ParentLucasfilm
DivisionsILM Art (New Before)[2]
ILMxLAB[3]
ILM StageCraft (New Before) [4]
ILM Technoprops[5]
ILM TV[6]
SubsidiariesILM Vancouver
ILM London
ILM Sydney
ILM Mumbai[7]
ILM Singapore (Closed)
Websiteilm.com

Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded on May 26, 1975 by George Lucas.[8] It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when he began production on the original Star Wars,[9] now the fourth episode of the Skywalker Saga.

ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm.[10] As of 2023, Industrial Light & Magic has won 15 Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects.[1]

History

[edit]

Lucas wanted his 1977 film Star Wars to include visual effects that had never been seen on film before.[11] After discovering that the in-house effects department at 20th Century Fox was no longer operational, Lucas approached Douglas Trumbull, best known for the effects on 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and Silent Running (1972). Trumbull declined as he was already committed to working on Steven Spielberg's film Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), but suggested his assistant John Dykstra to Lucas. Dykstra brought together a small team of college students, artists, and engineers and set them up in a warehouse in Van Nuys, California. After seeing the map for the location was zoned as light industrial, Lucas named the group Industrial Light and Magic,[12] which became the Special Visual Effects department on Star Wars. Alongside Dykstra, other leading members of the original ILM team were Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Robert Blalack, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson, and Paul Huston.[13][14]

Parking lot and building of the first company headquarters of ILM in Van Nuys, where the special effects of the first Star Wars movie were produced

In late 1978, when in pre-production for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas reformed most of the team into Industrial Light & Magic in Marin County, California. From here on, the company expanded and has since gone on to produce special effects for over three hundred films, including the entire Star Wars saga, the Indiana Jones series, and the Jurassic Park series.[15][16]

After the success of the first Star Wars movie, Lucas became interested in using computer graphics on the sequel. He contacted Triple-I, known for their early computer effects in movies like Westworld (1973), Futureworld (1976), Tron (1982), and The Last Starfighter which ended up making a computer-generated test of five X-wing fighters flying in formation. He found it to be too expensive and returned to handmade models. Nevertheless, the test had showed him it was possible, and he decided he would create his own computer graphics department instead. As a result, they started investing in Apple and SGI computers. One of Lucas' employees was given the task to find the right people to hire. His search would lead him to NYIT, where he found Edwin Catmull and his colleagues. Catmull and others accepted Lucas' job offer, and a new computer division at Lucasfilm was created in 1979, which technically belonged to another division than ILM, with the hiring of Ed Catmull as the first NYIT employee who joined the company.[17][18] Lucas' list for them was a digital film editing system, a digital sound editing system, a laser film printer, and further exploration of computer graphics.[19] John Lasseter, who was hired a few years later, worked on computer-animation as part of ILM's contribution to Young Sherlock Holmes. The Graphics Group was later sold to Steve Jobs, named Pixar Animation Studios, and created the first CGI-animated feature, Toy Story.[20] In 2000, ILM created the OpenEXR format for high-dynamic-range imaging.[21]

ILM operated from an inconspicuous property in San Rafael, California until 2005. The company was known to locals as The Kerner Company, a name that did not draw any attention, allowing the company to operate in secret, thus preventing the compromise of sensitive information on its productions to the media or fans.[22][23] In 2005, when Lucas decided to move locations to the Presidio of San Francisco and focus on digital effects, a management-led team bought the five physical and practical effects divisions and formed a new company that included the George Lucas Theater, retained the "Kerner" name as Kerner Technologies, Inc. and provided physical effects for major motion pictures, often working with ILM, until its Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2011.[24]

In 2005, ILM extended its operations to Lucasfilm Singapore, which also includes the Singapore arm of Lucasfilm Animation. In 2006, ILM invented IMoCap (Image Based Motion Capture Technology).[25] By 2007, ILM was one of the largest visual effects vendors in the motion picture industry and had one of the largest render farms (named Death Star).[26][27] In 2011, it was announced the company was considering a project-based facility in Vancouver.[28] ILM first opened a temporary facility in Vancouver before relocating to a new 30,000-square-foot studio on Water Street in the Gastown district in 2014.[29]

In October 2012, Disney bought ILM's parent company, Lucasfilm, acquiring ILM, Skywalker Sound, and LucasArts in the process.[30][31][32][33] Disney stated that it had no immediate plans to change ILM's operations,[10] but began to lay off employees by April of the next year.[34] Following the restructuring of LucasArts in April 2013, ILM was left overstaffed and the faculty was reduced to serve only ILM's visual effects department.[35][36] ILM opened a London studio headquartered in the city's Soho district on October 15, 2014.[37]

On November 7, 2018, ILM opened a new division targeted at television series called ILM TV. It will be based in ILM's new 47,000-square-foot London studio with support from the company's locations in San Francisco, Vancouver and Singapore.[38][39] In July 2019, ILM announced the opening of a new facility in Sydney, Australia.[40][41] In the same year, ILM introduced StageCraft.[42][43] Also known as "The Volume", it uses high-definition LED video walls to generate virtual sceneries and was first used in The Mandalorian.[44][45] Following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox, Fox VFX Lab was folded into ILM, including the Technoprops division.[46][47] In October 2022, ILM opened a new studio in Mumbai.[48][49]

In August 2023, Lucasfilm announced it will close the ILM studio in Singapore due to economic factors affecting the industry and the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike. The closure will affect 340 Singapore-based jobs. Employees will continue working until the end of the year. Disney confirmed that it would be helping employees to either find work with local companies with similar skills requirements or relocate to ILM's other studios in Vancouver, London, Sydney and Mumbai.[50][51][52] An ILM Singapore employee confirmed that the closure of the Singaporean studio was linked to the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.[53]

Milestones

[edit]

Notable employees and clients

[edit]

Photoshop was first used at Industrial Light & Magic as an image-processing program. Photoshop was created by ILM Visual Effects Supervisor John Knoll and his brother Thomas as a summer project. It was used on The Abyss. The Knoll brothers sold the program to Adobe shortly before the film's release.[citation needed] Thomas Knoll continues to work on Photoshop at Adobe and is featured in the billing on the Photoshop splash screen. John Knoll continues to be ILM's top visual effects supervisor, and was one of the executive producers and writers of Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.[54]

In addition to their work for George Lucas, ILM also collaborates with Steven Spielberg on many films that he directs and produces. Dennis Muren has acted as Computer Animation Supervisor on many of these films. For Jurassic Park in 1993, ILM used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models.[55] Former ILM CG Animator Steve "Spaz" Williams said that it took nearly a year for the shots that involved computer-generated dinosaurs to be completed.[56] The film is noted for its groundbreaking use of computer-generated imagery,[57][58][59] and is regarded as a landmark for visual effects.[60][61][62] The company also works on more subtle special effects—such as widening streets, digitally adding more extras to a shot, and inserting the film's actors into preexisting footage—in films such as in Forrest Gump in 1994.[63][64][65]

Adam Savage, Grant Imahara and Tory Belleci of MythBusters fame have all worked at ILM.[66]

ILM is also famous for their commercial work. Their clients include Energizer,[67] Oldsmobile,[67] Benson & Hedges, Apple, Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Budweiser, McDonald's, Nickelodeon and other companies.[citation needed] They also animated Yoda for a series of 2012 commercials for Vodafone, which were broadcast in the UK.[68][69][70]

Actor Masi Oka worked on several major ILM productions as a programmer, including Revenge of the Sith, before joining the cast of the NBC show Heroes as Hiro Nakamura.[71]

American film director David Fincher worked at ILM for four years in the early 1980s.[72]

Film director Joe Johnston was a Visual effects artist and an Art Director.[73]

Film Director Mark A.Z. Dippé was a Visual Effects animator who directed Spawn which was released in 1997.[74]

ILM Filmography

[edit]

Animation

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
2005 Chicken Little Mark Dindal Walt Disney Pictures
Walt Disney Feature Animation 		$150 million $314.4 million
2008 WALL-E Andrew Stanton Walt Disney Pictures
Pixar Animation Studios 		$180 million $521.3 million
2011 Rango Gore Verbinski Paramount Pictures $135 million $245.7 million
2015 Strange Magic Gary Rydstrom Touchstone Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$70 million $13.6 million
2021 Wish Dragon Chris Appelhans Columbia Pictures
Netflix 		$25 million $25.9 million

Future animation projects

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
2024 Transformers One[75] Josh Cooley Paramount Pictures TBA

VFX

[edit]

1970s–1980s

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
1977 Star Wars
(Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope) 		George Lucas 20th Century Fox
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$11 million $775.5 million
1980 The Empire Strikes Back
(Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back) 		Irvin Kershner $33 million $547.9 million
1981 Raiders of the Lost Ark
(Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) 		Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$18 million $389.9 million
Dragonslayer Matthew Robbins Paramount Pictures
Walt Disney Productions 		$18 million $14 million
1982 Conan the Barbarian[76][77] John Milius Universal Pictures
20th Century Fox 		$20 million $68.9 million
Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Nicholas Meyer Paramount Pictures $11.2 million $97 million
E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial
(also 20th Anniversary Re-Issue in 2002) 		Steven Spielberg Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment 		$10 million $792.9 million
The Dark Crystal Jim Henson and Frank Oz Universal Pictures $15 million $40 million
Poltergeist Tobe Hooper Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $10.7 million $121.7 million
1983 Return of the Jedi
(Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi) 		Richard Marquand 20th Century Fox
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$42.7 million $480 million
Twice Upon a Time John Korty and Charles Swenson Warner Bros. $3 million TBC
1984 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$28.2 million $333.1 million
Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Leonard Nimoy Paramount Pictures $16 million $87 million
The NeverEnding Story Wolfgang Petersen Warner Bros. $27 million $100 million
Starman John Carpenter Columbia Pictures $24 million $28.7 million
1985 The Goonies Richard Donner Warner Bros. $19 million $61.5 million
Cocoon Ron Howard 20th Century Fox $17.5 million $85.3 million
Back to the Future Robert Zemeckis Universal Pictures $19 million $389.1 million
Explorers Joe Dante Paramount Pictures $25 million $9.9 million
Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters Paul Schrader Warner Bros.
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$5 million $502,758
Young Sherlock Holmes Barry Levinson Paramount Pictures $18 million $19 million
Out of Africa Sydney Pollack Universal Pictures $28 million $128.5 million
Enemy Mine Wolfgang Petersen 20th Century Fox $29 million $12 million
1986 The Money Pit Richard Benjamin Universal Pictures $10 million $54 million
Labyrinth Jim Henson TriStar Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$27.68 million $11.6 million
Howard the Duck Willard Huyck Universal Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$37 million $38 million
Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home Leonard Nimoy Paramount Pictures $21 million $133 million
The Golden Child Michael Ritchie $25 million $79.8 million
1987 Harry and the Hendersons William Dear Universal Pictures $16 million $49 million
The Witches of Eastwick George Miller Warner Bros. $22 million $63.8 million
Innerspace Joe Dante $27 million $25 million
Empire of the Sun Steven Spielberg $35 million $22.2 million
Batteries Not Included Matthew Robbins Universal Pictures $25 million $65.1 million
Spaceballs Mel Brooks Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $22.7 million $38.1 million
1988 Willow Ron Howard Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$35 million $57.3 million
Who Framed Roger Rabbit Robert Zemeckis Touchstone Pictures $58 million $329.8 million
Caddyshack II Allan Arkush Warner Bros. $20 million $11.8 million
The Last Temptation of Christ Martin Scorsese Universal Pictures $7 million $8.4 million
Tucker: The Man and His Dream Francis Ford Coppola Paramount Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$24 million $19.7 million
Cocoon: The Return Daniel Petrie 20th Century Fox $17.5 million $25 million
1989 The 'Burbs Joe Dante Universal Pictures $18 million $49 million
Skin Deep Blake Edwards 20th Century Fox $9 million $19 million
Field of Dreams Phil Alden Robinson Universal Pictures
TriStar Pictures 		$15 million $84.4 million
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$48 million $474.2 million
Ghostbusters II Ivan Reitman Columbia Pictures $37 million $215.4 million
The Abyss James Cameron 20th Century Fox $70 million $90 million
Back to the Future Part II Robert Zemeckis Universal Pictures $40 million $332 million
Always Steven Spielberg $31 million $74 million

1990s

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
1990 The Hunt for Red October John McTiernan Paramount Pictures $30 million $200.5 million
Joe Versus the Volcano John Patrick Shanley Warner Bros. $25 million $39 million
Back to the Future Part III Robert Zemeckis Universal Pictures $40 million $244.5 million
Total Recall Paul Verhoeven TriStar Pictures $50 million $300 million
Die Hard 2 Renny Harlin 20th Century Fox $70 million $240 million
Ghost Jerry Zucker Paramount Pictures $22 million $505.7 million
Arachnophobia Frank Marshall Hollywood Pictures $31 million $53.2 million
Dreams Akira Kurosawa
Ishirō Honda 		Warner Bros. $12 million $2 million
The Godfather Part III Francis Ford Coppola Paramount Pictures $54 million $136.8 million
1991 Flight of the Intruder John Milius $35 million $14 million
The Doors Oliver Stone TriStar Pictures $38 million $34.4 million
Switch Blake Edwards Warner Bros. $15 million $15.5 million
Backdraft Ron Howard Universal Pictures $75 million $152.3 million
Hudson Hawk Renny Harlin TriStar Pictures $65 million $17.2 million
The Rocketeer Joe Johnston Walt Disney Pictures
Touchstone Pictures 		$40 million $46.7 million
Terminator 2: Judgment Day James Cameron TriStar Pictures
Lightstorm Entertainment
Carolco Pictures
Pacific Western Productions 		$94 million $519.8 million
Hook Steven Spielberg TriStar Pictures
Amblin Entertainment 		$70 million $300.9 million
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Nicholas Meyer Paramount Pictures $27 million $96.9 million
1992 Memoirs of an Invisible Man John Carpenter Warner Bros. $40 million $14.4 million
Death Becomes Her Robert Zemeckis Universal Pictures $55 million $149 million
1993 Alive Frank Marshall Touchstone Pictures
Paramount Pictures 		$32 million $36.7 million
Fire in the Sky Robert Lieberman Paramount Pictures $15 million $19.9 million
Jurassic Park Steven Spielberg Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment 		$63 million $1.046 billion
Last Action Hero John McTiernan Columbia Pictures
Sony Pictures Entertainment 		$85 million $137.3 million
Rising Sun Philip Kaufman 20th Century Fox $35 million $107.2 million
The Meteor Man Robert Townsend Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $30 million $8 million
Manhattan Murder Mystery Woody Allen TriStar Pictures
Sony Pictures Entertainment 		$13.5 million $11 million
Malice Harold Becker Columbia Pictures
New Line Cinema 		$20 million $46 million
The Nutcracker Emile Ardolino Warner Bros. $19 million $2 million
Schindler's List Steven Spielberg Universal Pictures $22 million $322.1 million
1994 The Hudsucker Proxy Joel and Ethan Coen Warner Bros.
Universal Pictures 		$25 million $2.8 million
Forrest Gump Robert Zemeckis Paramount Pictures $55 million $677.9 million
Maverick Richard Donner Warner Bros. $75 million $183 million
The Flintstones Brian Levant Universal Pictures $46 million $341.6 million
Wolf Mike Nichols Columbia Pictures $70 million $131 million
Baby's Day Out Patrick Read Johnson 20th Century Fox $48 million $16.8 million
The Mask Chuck Russell New Line Cinema $23 million $351.6 million
Radioland Murders Mel Smith Universal Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$15 million $1.3 million
Disclosure Barry Levinson Warner Bros. $55 million $214 million
Star Trek Generations David Carson Paramount Pictures $35 million $118 million
In the Mouth of Madness John Carpenter New Line Cinema $8 million $8.9 million
1995 Village of the Damned Universal Pictures $22 million $9.4 million
Congo Frank Marshall Paramount Pictures $50 million $152 million
The Indian in the Cupboard Frank Oz Paramount Pictures
Columbia Pictures 		$45 million $35 million
Casper Brad Silberling Universal Pictures $55 million $287.9 million
Jumanji Joe Johnston TriStar Pictures $65 million $262.8 million
The American President Rob Reiner Columbia Pictures
Universal Pictures 		$62 million $107 million
Sabrina Sydney Pollack Paramount Pictures $50 million $53 million
1996 Twister Jan de Bont Warner Bros.
Universal Pictures 		$92 million $494.4 million
Mission: Impossible Brian De Palma Paramount Pictures $80 million $457.7 million
DragonHeart Rob Cohen Universal Pictures $57 million $115 million
Eraser Chuck Russell Warner Bros. $100 million $242.3 million
The Trigger Effect David Koepp Gramercy Pictures $8 million $3 million
Sleepers Barry Levinson Warner Bros.
Universal Pictures 		$44 million $165.6 million
Star Trek: First Contact Jonathan Frakes Paramount Pictures $45 million $146 million
101 Dalmatians Stephen Herek Walt Disney Pictures $75 million $320.6 million
Daylight Rob Cohen Universal Pictures $80 million $159.2 million
Mars Attacks! Tim Burton Warner Bros. $70 million $101.3 million
1997 The Lost World: Jurassic Park Steven Spielberg Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment 		$75 million $618.6 million
Speed 2: Cruise Control Jan de Bont 20th Century Fox $110 million $164.5 million
Men in Black Barry Sonnenfeld Columbia Pictures
Sony Pictures Entertainment 		$90 million $589.4 million
Contact Robert Zemeckis Warner Bros. $90 million $171.1 million
Spawn Mark A.Z. Dippé New Line Cinema $40 million $87.8 million
Starship Troopers Paul Verhoeven TriStar Pictures
Touchstone Pictures 		$105 million $121.2 million
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil Clint Eastwood Warner Bros. $30 million $25.1 million
Flubber Les Mayfield Walt Disney Pictures $80 million $177.9 million
Amistad Steven Spielberg DreamWorks Pictures $36 million $44.2 million
Deconstructing Harry Woody Allen Hollywood Pictures $20 million $10 million
Titanic James Cameron Paramount Pictures
20th Century Fox
Lightstorm Entertainment 		$200 million $2.256 billion
1998 Deep Rising Stephen Sommers Hollywood Pictures $45 million $11.2 million
Mercury Rising Harold Becker Universal Pictures $60 million $93 million
Deep Impact Mimi Leder Paramount Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures 		$80 million $349.4 million
Small Soldiers Joe Dante DreamWorks Pictures
Universal Pictures 		$40 million $54.7 million
Saving Private Ryan Steven Spielberg DreamWorks Pictures
Paramount Pictures 		$70 million $481.8 million
Snake Eyes Brian De Palma Paramount Pictures
Touchstone Pictures 		$73 million $103.8 million
Reach the Rock William Ryan Gramercy Pictures
Universal Pictures 		TBC $4,960
Meet Joe Black Martin Brest Universal Pictures $90 million $142 million
Celebrity Woody Allen Miramax Films $12 million $5 million
Jack Frost Troy Miller Warner Bros. $85 million $34.6 million
Mighty Joe Young Ron Underwood Walt Disney Pictures $90 million $50 million
1999 October Sky Joe Johnston Universal Pictures $25 million $34.7 million
The Mummy Stephen Sommers $80 million $415.9 million
Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace George Lucas 20th Century Fox
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$115 million $1.027 billion
Wild Wild West Barry Sonnenfeld Warner Bros. $170 million $222.1 million
The Haunting Jan de Bont DreamWorks Pictures $80 million $177.3 million
Deep Blue Sea Renny Harlin Warner Bros. $60 million $164.6 million
Bringing Out the Dead Martin Scorsese Paramount Pictures
Touchstone Pictures 		$55 million $16.8 million
Sleepy Hollow Tim Burton Paramount Pictures $100 million $206 million
The Green Mile Frank Darabont Warner Bros. $60 million $290.7 million
Magnolia Paul Thomas Anderson New Line Cinema $37 million $48.5 million
Snow Falling on Cedars Scott Hicks Universal Pictures $35 million $23 million
Galaxy Quest Dean Parisot DreamWorks Pictures $45 million $90.7 million
Sweet and Lowdown Woody Allen Sony Pictures Classics $29.7 million $4 million

2000s

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
2000 Mission to Mars Brian De Palma Touchstone Pictures $100 million $110.9 million
The Perfect Storm Wolfgang Petersen Warner Bros. $120 million $328.7 million
The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle Des McAnuff Universal Pictures $76 million $35 million
Space Cowboys Clint Eastwood Warner Bros. $60 million $128.9 million
Pollock Ed Harris Sony Pictures Classics $6 million $10 million
Pay It Forward Mimi Leder Warner Bros. $40 million $55 million
2001 The Pledge Sean Penn $35 million $29.4 million
Sweet November Pat O'Connor $40 million $65 million
The Mummy Returns Stephen Sommers Universal Pictures $98 million $433 million
Pearl Harbor Michael Bay Touchstone Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$140 million $449.2 million
A.I. - Artificial Intelligence Steven Spielberg Warner Bros.
DreamWorks Pictures 		$100 million $235.9 million
Jurassic Park III Joe Johnston Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment 		$93 million $368.8 million
Planet of the Apes Tim Burton 20th Century Fox $100 million $362.2 million
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Chris Columbus Warner Bros. $125 million $974.8 million
The Majestic Frank Darabont $72 million $37.3 million
Imposter Gary Fleder Dimension Films $40 million $8 million
2002 The Time Machine Simon Wells DreamWorks Pictures
Warner Bros. 		$80 million $123.7 million
Big Trouble Barry Sonnenfeld Touchstone Pictures $40 million $8.5 million
Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones George Lucas 20th Century Fox
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$115 million $649.4 million
The Bourne Identity Doug Liman Universal Pictures $60 million $214 million
Minority Report Steven Spielberg DreamWorks Pictures
20th Century Fox 		$102 million $358.4 million
Men in Black II Barry Sonnenfeld Columbia Pictures
Sony Pictures Entertainment 		$140 million $441.8 million
K-19: The Widowmaker Kathryn Bigelow Paramount Pictures $100 million $65.7 million
Signs M. Night Shyamalan Touchstone Pictures $72 million $408.2 million
Blood Work Clint Eastwood Warner Bros. $50 million $31 million
Punch-Drunk Love Paul Thomas Anderson Columbia Pictures
New Line Cinema 		$25 million $24.7 million
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Chris Columbus Warner Bros. $100 million $879 million
Gangs of New York Martin Scorsese Miramax Films
Touchstone Pictures 		$97 million $193.8 million
2003 Tears of the Sun Antoine Fuqua Columbia Pictures $100.5 million $86.5 million
The Hunted William Friedkin Paramount Pictures $55 million $45 million
Dreamcatcher Lawrence Kasdan Warner Bros. $68 million $75.7 million
Hulk Ang Lee Universal Pictures $137 million $245.4 million
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines Jonathan Mostow Warner Bros.
Columbia Pictures 		$187 million $433.4 million
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Gore Verbinski Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$140 million $654.3 million
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Stephen Norrington 20th Century Fox $78 million $179.3 million
Once Upon a Time in Mexico Robert Rodriguez Columbia Pictures
Dimension Films 		$28 million $98.1 million
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Peter Weir 20th Century Fox
Universal Pictures 		$150 million $212 million
Timeline Richard Donner Paramount Pictures $80 million $34 million
Stuck on You Peter and Robert Farrelly 20th Century Fox $55 million $65 million
Peter Pan P. J. Hogan Universal Pictures
Columbia Pictures 		$130 million $122 million
2004 Along Came Polly John Hamburg Universal Pictures $42 million $171 million
Twisted Philip Kaufman Paramount Pictures $50 million $41 million
Hidalgo Joe Johnston Touchstone Pictures $40 million $108.1 million
Van Helsing Stephen Sommers Universal Pictures $160 million $300.3 million
The Day After Tomorrow Roland Emmerich 20th Century Fox $125 million $544.3 million
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Alfonso Cuarón Warner Bros. $130 million $796.7 million
The Chronicles of Riddick David Twohy Universal Pictures $105 million $115.8 million
The Bourne Supremacy Paul Greengrass $75 million $288.5 million
The Village M. Night Shyamalan Touchstone Pictures $60 million $256.7 million
Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow Kerry Conran Paramount Pictures $70 million $58 million
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Brad Silberling Paramount Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures 		$140 million $209.1 million
Eros Wong Kar-wai
Steven Soderbergh
Michelangelo Antonioni 		Warner Independent Pictures
Artificial Eye 		TBC $1 million
2005 Are We There Yet? Brian Levant Columbia Pictures $32 million $97 million
Son of the Mask Lawrence Guterman New Line Cinema $84 million $57.6 million
The Pacifier Adam Shankman Walt Disney Pictures $56 million $198.6 million
The Amityville Horror Andrew Douglas Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Dimension Films 		$19 million $108 million
XXX: State of the Union Lee Tamahori Columbia Pictures $87 million $71 million
Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith George Lucas 20th Century Fox
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$113 million $848.8 million
The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3D Robert Rodriguez Dimension Films
Columbia Pictures 		$50 million $69.4 million
Herbie: Fully Loaded Angela Robinson Walt Disney Pictures $50 million $144.1 million
War of the Worlds Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures 		$132 million $591.7 million
The Island Michael Bay DreamWorks Pictures
Warner Bros. 		$126 million $162.9 million
Jarhead Sam Mendes Universal Pictures $72 million $96.9 million
Rent Chris Columbus Columbia Pictures $40 million $31.6 million
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Mike Newell Warner Bros. $150 million $896.9 million
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Andrew Adamson Walt Disney Pictures $180 million $745 million
Munich Steven Spielberg Universal Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures 		$70 million $130.4 million
Cheaper by the Dozen 2 Adam Shankman 20th Century Fox $60 million $129.1 million
2006 Eight Below Frank Marshall Walt Disney Pictures $40 million $120.4 million
Mission: Impossible III J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures $150 million $397.9 million
Poseidon Wolfgang Petersen Warner Bros. $160 million $181.7 million
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest[78] Gore Verbinski Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$225 million $1.066 billion
Lady in the Water M. Night Shyamalan Warner Bros. $70 million $72.8 million
Eragon Stefen Fangmeier 20th Century Fox $100 million $249.5 million
2007 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End'[79] Gore Verbinski Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$300 million $963.4 million
Evan Almighty Tom Shadyac Universal Pictures $175 million $173.4 million
Transformers Michael Bay DreamWorks Pictures
Paramount Pictures 		$150 million $709.7 million
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix David Yates Warner Bros. $150 million $939.9 million
Rush Hour 3 Brett Ratner New Line Cinema $140 million $258 million
Lions for Lambs Robert Redford Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
20th Century Fox 		$35 million $63.2 million
National Treasure: Book of Secrets Jon Turteltaub Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$130 million $457.4 million
There Will Be Blood Paul Thomas Anderson Paramount Vantage
Miramax Films 		$25 million $76.2 million
2008 The Spiderwick Chronicles Mark Waters Paramount Pictures $90 million $162 million
Iron Man Jon Favreau Paramount Pictures
Marvel Studios 		$140 million $585.2 million
Speed Racer The Wachowskis Warner Bros. $120 million $93.9 million
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$185 million $786.6 million
The Happening M. Night Shyamalan 20th Century Fox $48 million $163.4 million
Miracle at St. Anna Spike Lee Touchstone Pictures $45 million $9.3 million
The Tale of Despereaux Sam Fell
Robert Stevenhagen 		Universal Pictures $60 million $86.9 million
2009 Confessions of a Shopaholic P. J. Hogan Touchstone Pictures $55 million $108.3 million
Star Trek J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures
Bad Robot Productions 		$150 million $385.7 million
Terminator Salvation McG Warner Bros.
Columbia Pictures 		$200 million $371.4 million
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Michael Bay DreamWorks Pictures
Paramount Pictures 		$200 million $836.3 million
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince David Yates Warner Bros. $250 million $934.4 million
Avatar James Cameron 20th Century Fox
Lightstorm Entertainment 		$237 million $2.923 billion

2010s

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
2010 Iron Man 2 Jon Favreau Paramount Pictures
Marvel Studios 		$200 million $623.9 million
The Last Airbender M. Night Shyamalan Paramount Pictures $150 million $319.7 million
2011 I Am Number Four D. J. Caruso DreamWorks Pictures
Touchstone Pictures 		$50 million $149.9 million
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Rob Marshall Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$378.5 million $1.046 billion
Super 8 J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures $50 million $260.1 million
Transformers: Dark of the Moon Michael Bay $195 million $1.124 billion
Cowboys & Aliens Jon Favreau Universal Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures
Paramount Pictures 		$163 million $174 million
Hugo Martin Scorsese Paramount Pictures $150 million $185.8 million
Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol Brad Bird Paramount Pictures
Skydance Productions
Bad Robot Productions 		$145 million $694.7 million
2012 Red Tails Anthony Hemingway 20th Century Fox
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$58 million $50.4 million
The Avengers[80] Joss Whedon Marvel Studios $220 million $1.520 billion
Battleship Peter Berg Universal Pictures
Hasbro 		$220 million $303 million
Cloud Atlas The Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer Warner Bros. $128.5 million $130.5 million
2013 Identity Thief Seth Gordon Universal Pictures $35 million $174 million
G.I. Joe: Retaliation Jon M. Chu Paramount Pictures $130 million $375.7 million
Pain & Gain Michael Bay $26 million $86.2 million
The Great Gatsby Baz Luhrmann Warner Bros. $105 million $351 million
Now You See Me Louis Leterrier Universal Pictures $75 million $351.7 million
Star Trek Into Darkness J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures
Skydance Productions
Bad Robot Productions 		$185 million $467.4 million
World War Z Marc Forster Paramount Pictures
Skydance Productions 		$190 million $540 million
The Lone Ranger Gore Verbinski Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$225 million $260.5 million
Pacific Rim Guillermo del Toro Warner Bros.
Legendary Pictures 		$190 million $411 million
RED 2 Dean Parisot Summit Entertainment $84 million $148.1 million
Elysium Neill Blomkamp TriStar Pictures $115 million $286.1 million
Lone Survivor Peter Berg Universal Pictures $49 million $149.3 million
2014 Noah Darren Aronofsky Paramount Pictures $125 million $362.6 million
Captain America: The Winter Soldier Anthony and Joe Russo Marvel Studios $170 million $714.4 million
Transformers: Age of Extinction Michael Bay Paramount Pictures $210 million $1.104 billion
Lucy Luc Besson Universal Pictures $40 million $463.4 million
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Jonathan Liebesman Paramount Pictures $125 million $493.3 million
Unbroken Angelina Jolie Universal Pictures $65 million $163.3 million
2015 Avengers: Age of Ultron[81] Joss Whedon Marvel Studios $279.9 million $1.405 billion
Tomorrowland Brad Bird Walt Disney Pictures $190 million $209.2 million
Jurassic World Colin Trevorrow Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment
Legendary Pictures 		$150 million $1.672 billion
Terminator Genisys Alan Taylor Paramount Pictures
Skydance Productions 		$155 million $440.6 million
Ant-Man Peyton Reed Marvel Studios $130 million $519.3 million
Hitman: Agent 47 Aleksander Bach 20th Century Fox $35 million $82.3 million
The Martian Ridley Scott $108 million $630.2 million
Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension Gregory Plotkin Paramount Pictures $10 million $78.1 million
Spectre Sam Mendes Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Columbia Pictures 		$250 million $880.7 million
Star Wars: The Force Awakens J. J. Abrams Lucasfilm Ltd
Bad Robot Productions 		$200 million $2.071 billion
The Revenant Alejandro G. Iñárritu 20th Century Fox $135 million $533 million
The Big Short Adam McKay Paramount Pictures $28 million $133.4 million
2016 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi Michael Bay $50 million $69.4 million
Captain America: Civil War Anthony and Joe Russo Marvel Studios $250 million $1.155 billion
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows Dave Green Paramount Pictures $135 million $245.6 million
Warcraft Duncan Jones Universal Pictures
Legendary Pictures 		$160 million $433.7 million
Deepwater Horizon Peter Berg Summit Entertainment $110 million $121.7 million
Doctor Strange[82] Scott Derrickson Marvel Studios $165 million $677.6 million
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Gareth Edwards Lucasfilm Ltd $200 million $1.058 billion
Silence Martin Scorsese Paramount Pictures $40 million $23.7 million
2017 The Great Wall Zhang Yimou Universal Pictures
Legendary Pictures 		$150 million $334 million
Life Daniel Espinosa Columbia Pictures
Skydance 		$58 million $100.5 million
Kong: Skull Island Jordan Vogt-Roberts Warner Bros.
Legendary Pictures 		$185 million $566.7 million
The Mummy Alex Kurtzman Universal Pictures $125 million $409 million
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Joachim Ronning and Espen Sandberg Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films 		$230 million $794.9 million
Transformers: The Last Knight Michael Bay Paramount Pictures $260 million $605 million
Spider-Man: Homecoming Jon Watts Columbia Pictures
Marvel Studios
Sony Pictures Entertainment 		$175 million $880 million
Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets Luc Besson STX EntertainmentEuropaCorp $209 million $225 million
Mother! Darren Aronofsky Paramount Pictures $33 million $44.5 million
Only the Brave Joseph Kosinski Columbia Pictures $38 million $25.6 million
Thor: Ragnarok[83] Taika Waititi Marvel Studios $180 million $854.3 million
Star Wars: The Last Jedi Rian Johnson Lucasfilm Ltd $200 million $1.333 billion
Downsizing Alexander Payne Paramount Pictures $76 million $55 million
2018 12 Strong Nicolai Fuglsig Warner Bros. $35 million $70.8 million
The Cloverfield Paradox Julius Onah Netflix
Paramount Pictures 		$45 million N/A
Black Panther[84] Ryan Coogler Marvel Studios $200 million $1.349 billion
Monster Hunt 2 Raman Hui Edko Film
Lionsgate 		$143 million $361.7 million
A Wrinkle in Time Ava DuVernay Walt Disney Pictures $100 million $132.7 million
Ready Player One Steven Spielberg Warner Bros.
Amblin Entertainment 		$175 million $582.2 million
A Quiet Place John Krasinski Paramount Pictures $17 million $340.7 million
Avengers: Infinity War[85] Anthony and Joe Russo Marvel Studios $300 million $2.052 billion
Solo: A Star Wars Story Ron Howard Lucasfilm Ltd $275 million $392.9 million
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom J.A. Bayona Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment
Legendary Pictures 		$170 million $1.309 billion
Ant-Man and the Wasp[86] Peyton Reed Marvel Studios $162 million $622.7 million
Skyscraper Rawson M. Thurber Universal Pictures $125 million $304.1 million
The Other Side of the Wind Orson Welles Netflix $6 million N/A
Overlord Julius Avery Paramount Pictures $38 million $41.2 million
Aquaman James Wan Warner Bros. $200 million $1.148 billion
Bumblebee Travis Knight Paramount Pictures $102 million $465.9 million
Bird Box Susanne Bier Netflix $19.8 million N/A
2019 Captain Marvel[87] Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck Marvel Studios $152 million $1.131 billion
Us Jordan Peele Universal Pictures $20 million $254.7 million
Avengers: Endgame[88] Anthony and Joe Russo Marvel Studios $356 million $2.799 billion
Aladdin Guy Ritchie Walt Disney Pictures $183 million $1.054 billion
Spider-Man: Far From Home Jon Watts Columbia Pictures
Marvel Studios
Sony Pictures Entertainment 		$160 million $1.132 billion
The Irishman Martin Scorsese Netflix $159 million $8 million[89]
Terminator: Dark Fate Tim Miller Paramount Pictures
Tencent Pictures
20th Century Fox
Skydance Media 		$186 million $261.1 million
Playing with Fire[90] Andy Fickman Paramount Pictures $29.9 million $64.4 million
6 Underground Michael Bay Netflix $150 million N/A
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker J. J. Abrams Lucasfilm Ltd
Bad Robot Productions 		$275 million[91] $1.077 billion

2020s

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
2020 Artemis Fowl Kenneth Branagh Walt Disney Pictures
Disney+ 		$125 million[92] N/A
Mank David Fincher Netflix $20–30 million[93] $99,752[94]
We Can Be Heroes Robert Rodriguez N/A N/A
The Midnight Sky[95] George Clooney $100 million[96] $62,557[97]
2021 Finding 'Ohana[98] Jude Weng TBA TBA
Chaos Walking Doug Liman Lionsgate $100 million $21.9 million
Coming 2 America[99] Craig Brewer Amazon Studios
Paramount Pictures 		$60 million N/A
A Quiet Place Part II[100] John Krasinski Paramount Pictures $61 million $293.5 million
F9[101] Justin Lin Universal Pictures $200–225 million $726.2 million
Black Widow[102] Cate Shortland Marvel Studios $200 million $379.6 million
Space Jam: A New Legacy Malcolm D. Lee Warner Bros. $150 million $162.8 million
Malignant James Wan New Line Cinema $40 million $30.3 million
Jungle Cruise[103] Jaume Collet-Serra Walt Disney Pictures $200 million $220.9 million
Free Guy[104] Shawn Levy 20th Century Studios $100–125 million $331.5 million
No Time to Die[105] Cary Joji Fukunaga Metro-Goldwyn Mayer
Universal Pictures 		$250 million $774 million
Eternals Chloé Zhao Marvel Studios $200 million $402.1 million
Red Notice[106] Rawson Marshall Thurber Netflix $200 million $2 million
2022 The Batman[107] Matt Reeves Warner Bros. $200 million $770.8 million
The Bubble[108] Judd Apatow Netflix $100 million N/A
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness[109] Sam Raimi Marvel Studios $200 million $955.8 million
Jurassic World Dominion[110] Colin Trevorrow Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment 		$165–185 million $1.003 billion
Thor: Love and Thunder[111] Taika Waititi Marvel Studios $250 million[112] $760.9 million
The Gray Man[113] Anthony and Joe Russo Netflix $200 million $454,023
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever[114] Ryan Coogler Marvel Studios $250 million $859.2 million
The Fabelmans[115] Steven Spielberg Universal Pictures $40 million $45.1 million
Avatar: The Way of Water[116] James Cameron 20th Century Studios
Lightstorm Entertainment 		$350–460 million $2.319 billion
Babylon[117] Damien Chazelle Paramount Pictures $78–80 million $63.4 million
The Pale Blue Eye[118] Scott Cooper Netflix $72 million $129,928
2023 Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania[119] Peyton Reed Marvel Studios $200 million $474.6 million
Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves[120] Jonathan Goldstein
John Francis Daley 		Paramount Pictures $151 million[121] $208.2 million
Renfield Chris McKay Universal Pictures $65 million $23.3 milion
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3[122] James Gunn Marvel Studios $250 million $845.3 million
Fast X[123] Louis Leterrier Universal Pictures $340 million $719.1 million
Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny[124] James Mangold Walt Disney Pictures
Lucasfilm Ltd 		$295 million $357.9 million
Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One[125] Christopher McQuarrie Paramount Pictures $290 million $566 million
Haunted Mansion[126] Justin Simien Walt Disney Pictures $157.8 million $40.5 million
The Creator[127] Gareth Edwards 20th Century Studios $87 million

Future VFX projects

[edit]
Year Films Director(s) Studio(s) and Distributor(s) Budget Gross
2023 Killers of the Flower Moon[128] Martin Scorsese Paramount Pictures
Apple Original Films 		$200 million
The Marvels[129] Nia DaCosta Marvel Studios $250 million
Napoleon[130] Ridley Scott Apple Studios TBA
Candy Cane Lane[131] Reginald Hudlin Amazon Prime Video TBA
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom[132] James Wan Warner Bros. Pictures $205 million
2024 A Quiet Place: Day One[133] Michael Sarnoski Paramount Pictures TBA
Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part Two[134] Christopher McQuarrie Paramount Pictures TBA
Alien: Romulus[135] Fede Álvarez 20th Century Studios TBA
TBA Lilo & Sittch[136] Dean Fleischer Camp Walt Disney Pictures TBA

ILM Television

[edit]

Television series

[edit]
Year Series Network
1985–87 Amazing Stories NBC
1987–94 Star Trek: The Next Generation Syndicated
1995 Tales from the Crypt (You, Murderer) HBO
1992–96 The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles ABC
2007–19 The Big Bang Theory CBS
2015 Agent Carter (season 1)[137] ABC
2019 Krypton (season 2) Syfy
2019–present The Mandalorian Disney+
2020 Brave New World Peacock
The Boys (season 2) Amazon Prime Video
2020–21 The Stand CBS All Access
2021 WandaVision Disney+
NBC Sunday Night Football (opening sequence) NBC
Hawkeye Disney+
The Witcher (season 2) Netflix
Y: The Last Man Hulu
2021–22 The Book of Boba Fett[138] Disney+
2021–present Loki
2022 Obi-Wan Kenobi
Lovely Little Farm Apple TV+
The Old Man[139] FX
Light & Magic[140] Disney+
The Sandman Netflix
Lost Ollie[141]
The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power[142] Amazon Prime Video
Andor Disney+
2022–23 Willow
2023 Ahsoka

Upcoming

[edit]
Year Series Network
2023 Life on Our Planet[143] Netflix
2023 Star Wars: Skeleton Crew Disney+
2023 Percy Jackson and the Olympians[144]
2024 The Acolyte
TBA Ironheart[145]
TBA Ultraman[146] Netflix

Television films & specials

[edit]
Year Films Network
1984 Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure[147][148] ABC
1985 Ewoks: The Battle for Endor[149][148]
2022 Good Night Oppy[150] Amazon Prime Video
The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special[151] Disney+

ILM Commercial

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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