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Two Establishes and Two Upholds

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"Two Establishes" (两个确立) and "Two Upholds" (两个维护)[1] are two political slogans established by the Chinese Communist Party to reinforce general secretary Xi Jinping's rule.[2][3]

Two Establishes

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"Two Establishes"[1] was put forward by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in November 2021. It says:[2][4][5]

  1. "Establishes Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core position of the entire Party,"[a]
  2. "Establishes the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era."[b]

Two Upholds

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"Two Upholds"[1] was put forward by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in September 2018. It says:[6][7][5]

  1. "Resolutely upholds General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core status as the core of the Party Central Committee and the entire Party."[c]
  2. "Resolutely upholds the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee."[d]

On January 31, 2019, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Political Construction of the Party were released, and the liner notes once again refer to the need to resolutely follow the "Two Upholds".[8][9] In August 2021, the CCP party magazine Qiushi published an article entitled "Resolutely Doing the Two Maintenance", emphasizing that "General Secretary Xi Jinping, as the core of the whole party and the leader of the people, has the support of all people, and we support him wholeheartedly. Resolutely doing the 'two safeguards' is a solid foundation for adhering to, developing and perfecting the new political party system."[10]

The 20th National Congress of the CCP in 2022 passed an amendment to write the "Two Upholds" into the CCP constitution.[11][12][13]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ 确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位
  2. ^ 确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位
  3. ^ 坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位
  4. ^ 坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Major Achievements in the External Work of the Communist Party of China Over the Past Decade_Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  2. ^ a b "Two Establishes". China Media Project. Archived from the original on 2022-07-29. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  3. ^ Buckley, Chris (2021-11-16). "China's History Is Revised, to the Glory of Xi Jinping". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  4. ^ "中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第六次全体会议公报". 人民网. 2021-11-11. Archived from the original on 2021-11-11. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  5. ^ a b "两个确立和两个维护是什么意思？内容有哪些？ - 农交网". m.nongjiao.com. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  6. ^ 张晓明、刘晓雪. "中国共产党政治建设的百年历程与经验启示". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  7. ^ "十九届中央纪委第五次全体会议公報" (PDF). 新華社. 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  8. ^ "（受权发布）中共中央关于加强党的政治建设的意见-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  9. ^ "为什么要坚决践行"两个维护"". www.qstheory.cn. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  10. ^ "坚决做到"两个维护"". www.qstheory.cn. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Factbox: China's Communist Party amends its charter, strengthens Xi's power". Reuters. 2022-10-22. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  12. ^ "中国共产党章程--中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会专题报道--人民网". People's Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  13. ^ "官媒发布中共新版党章 "两个确立"和"人民领袖"未被写入 | 联合早报". www.zaobao.com.sg (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 29 April 2024.
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