Jump to content

Cyclone Seroja

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Tropical Cyclone Seroja)

Severe Tropical Cyclone Seroja
Cyclone Seroja approaching Western Australia on 11 April
Meteorological history
Formed3 April 2021
Dissipated12 April 2021
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone
10-minute sustained (Aus)
Highest winds120 km/h (75 mph)
Highest gusts165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure971 hPa (mbar); 28.67 inHg
Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure968 hPa (mbar); 28.59 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities272
Damage>$491 million (2021 USD)
Areas affectedIndonesia, East Timor, Western Australia
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2020–21 Australian region cyclone season

Severe Tropical Cyclone Seroja was the third-deadliest tropical cyclone on record in the Australian region, behind Cyclone Mahina in 1899 and the Flores cyclone in 1973. Seroja brought historic flooding and landslides to portions of southern Indonesia and East Timor and later went on to make landfall in Western Australia's Mid West region, becoming the first to do so since Cyclone Elaine in 1999. The twenty-second tropical low, seventh tropical cyclone, and third severe tropical cyclone of the 2020–21 Australian region cyclone season, the precursor of Seroja formed off the south coast of Timor island as Tropical Low 22U at 18:00 UTC on 3 April 2021; its genesis was related to convectively coupled equatorial waves.[1] The tropical low moved very slowly near the island, while the system's thunderstorms increased in organization. The low intensified into Tropical Cyclone Seroja by 4 April, while it was passing north of Rote Island, while continuing its slow strengthening trend.

Due to the presence of Tropical Cyclone Odette in Seroja's vicinity, interaction was anticipated as the storm moved away from Indonesia and East Timor. Its intensity fluctuated as it moved southwest, with its strengthening being highly hindered due to interaction with Odette. This caused the system to weaken as Seroja moved closer to it, due to a phenomenon known as the Fujiwhara effect. Eventually, Seroja began to restrengthen and weaken Odette, with Seroja absorbing Odette into its circulation on 10 April. Due to Odette, Seroja was steered to the southeast towards Australia, before strengthening even further. At around 8 p.m. local time on 11 April, Seroja made landfall on the western coastline of Western Australia as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone, slightly south of the coastal town of Kalbarri, bringing heavy rain and hurricane-force wind gusts (about 170 km/h, or 110 mph). Later that day, Seroja began accelerating southeastward while weakening. On 12 April, Seroja emerged off the southern coast of Western Australia while beginning to undergo an extratropical transition, before being absorbed into another larger extratropical cyclone to the south. The name Seroja means lotus in Indonesian.[2]

As of May 2021, it is estimated that at least 272 people were killed by the storm,[3] with 183 people in Indonesia, 42 in East Timor,[4][5][6] and one in Australia.[7][8] At least 72 people from Indonesia and 30 from East Timor are still missing.[9][10] The cyclone damaged or destroyed more than 20,000 houses and five bridges in Indonesia's East Nusa Tenggara province while more than 12,000 people were evacuated to government-owned shelters.[11][12][13] Around 9,000 people were displaced on East Timor, while at least 10,000 homes have been submerged.[14][15][9] Damage reports from Kalbarri, Western Australia started coming in soon after the storm made landfall. The storm is estimated to have caused over $490.7 million (2021 USD) in damages, a majority across Indonesia.[16][17][18][19] The damage caused by Cyclone Seroja in Indonesia was described as catastrophic.[20]

Efforts to relieve the devastating effects of the cyclone came a short time after Seroja left Indonesia. They included almost a million USD in donations, methods to help fight COVID-19, evacuations, local governments sending aid to their respective areas, and more. East Timor also was given outside assistance from other organizations and nations. The Indonesian and Western Australian government's responses were criticized due to the slow nature of their respective responses;[21][22] in the case of Indonesia, this resulted in some high-ranking officials being fired.[23][24]

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On 29 March, the BoM began to mention that Tropical Low 22U was developing to the south of Timor. By 3 April, the tropical low fully developed as it was within an active trough.[25] The low was located in a generally favorable environment with deep moisture, low vertical wind shear, and defined outflow.[26] The low drifted close to the coast of Timor very slowly with persistent spiraling bands of convection occupying the storm's circulation, producing prolific rainfall in the surrounding regions on 3–4 April.[27] At this time, the low pressure system was located inside the Area of Responsibility (AoR) of TCWC Jakarta.[28] By the early morning of 4 April, the presentation of its structure had improved with spiral bands of deep convection and tight curvature at its center.[29] Although there were fluctuations in central convection, a favorable environment of deep moisture, low vertical wind shear, and good outflow meant further development of the system was expected.[26][27] Meanwhile, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued their first warning on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 26S at 15:00 on UTC 4 April.[30] The tropical low slowly gained strength, intensifying to a Category 1 tropical cyclone, and was given the name Seroja by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) Jakarta at 20:00 UTC on 4 April, about 95 km (59 mi) north-northwest of Rote Island.[31][32]

Tropical Cyclone Odette (left) and Tropical Cyclone Seroja (right) engaging in Fujiwhara interaction while intensifying between 7–9 April.

During 5 April, Seroja continued to move at 3 km/h (1.9 mph) in a west-southwest direction, away from the Indonesian coastline. The storm intensified to a Category 2 tropical cyclone at 19:00 UTC, with 10-minute sustained winds of 105 km/h (65 mph) and its central pressure deepening to 982 mb (29.00 inHg).[33] Long term uncertainty in both track and intensity persisted in the forecasting of Seroja's track, due to interaction with Tropical Low 23U, to the far west of the storm.[33] Seroja held this strength for roughly 12 hours, before unexpectedly weakening to a Category 1 tropical cyclone yet again on 6 April, due to southeasterly wind shear, and dry air partially exposing the low level circulation (LLC) and degrading its thunderstorm activity.[34] Seroja fluctuated in strength for several hours, intensifying slightly on 7 April, as it continued in a generally southwesterly direction.[35] Seroja became disorganized on satellite imagery as convection became dislocated to the south on 8 April, while it began to closely interact with Tropical Cyclone Odette (formerly Tropical Low 23U) just to the northwest, as a result of the Fujiwhara effect, complicating the forecasts for the tropical cyclone and causing it to weaken again.[36] Seroja resumed intensification by the next day, re-intensifying into a Category 2 tropical cyclone at 13:16 UTC on 9 April, as the storm began to absorb Odette and as wind shear started to ease off.[37] By 10 April, Seroja had absorbed most of Odette's remaining thunderstorms and began to accelerate to the southeast towards Western Australia, maintaining a relatively organized structure.[38] Later that day, Seroja fully absorbed Odette into its circulation.

Seroja continued to steadily intensify as it approached the Gascoyne Region; the JTWC upgraded Seroja to a Category 1–equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale, with sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), at 18:00 UTC on 10 April.[39] By early on 11 April, Seroja had intensified into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone, the third severe tropical cyclone of the season, as a ragged eye began to emerge from the cyclone's central dense overcast.[40] Seroja continued rapidly accelerating to the southeast at 53 km/h (33 mph), with its eye becoming more defined on infrared and Doppler weather radar images before making landfall near Gregory, Western Australia, or just north of Geraldton at peak strength with 1-minute sustained winds of 130 km/h (81 mph), 10-minute sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), and a minimum central pressure of 971 hPa (28.76 inHg), with observations of gusts as high as 150 km/h (93 mph).[41][42] Following landfall, Seroja quickly moved to the southeast over Australia, while gradually weakening. Early on 12 April, Seroja's extratropical remnant entered the Great Australian Bight, while beginning to transition into an extratropical cyclone, before being absorbed into a larger extratropical cyclone to the south later that day.

Preparations

[edit]

Indonesia

[edit]

The Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency declared two days before the cyclone's formation that they were already anticipating the possibility of tropical cyclone development over the Savu Sea.[43] On 4 April 2021, the agency issued an early warning.[44][45] On 8 April 2021, the agency again issued warnings to other provinces such as Bali, East Java, Central Java, and West Nusa Tenggara.[46]

Australia

[edit]

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) warned on 5 April 2021 that Seroja could approach the West Pilbara or Gascoyne coastline. It was also advised that tourists be ready to change plans, in case the cyclone impacts the area and brings unsafe conditions to go home.[47][48] Due to the cyclone's uncertain track from its Fujiwhara interaction with Tropical Cyclone Odette, the chance of impacts on Western Australia was uncertain as to where it would go; out to sea or into land.[49] As the storm approached Australia, the price of Australian commodities such as coals and iron ores were expected to rise. In addition, there was concern that it would disrupt or delay shipments and trades from the region.[50] The BOM also issued a tropical cyclone watch early on 9 April for much of the region between Coral Bay and Lancelin.[51]

Department of Fire and Emergency Services (DFES) Acting Commissioner Craig Waters advised all people in the watch area to 'leave immediately' as many of the homes in the area would be under significant risk with pre-saturated soil allowing flooding to likely occur much more easily.[52] BOM also mentioned that this region was not accustomed to tropical cyclone impacts, making the risk of Seroja's impacts more dangerous than usual with a month's worth of rain expected to fall within a day.[53][54] A tropical cyclone warning was then issued for Cape Cuvier to Geraldton on 10 April as Seroja neared, albeit strengthening slower than anticipated. All people between Coral Bay and Geraldton were eventually told to evacuate immediately on 11 April as homes were not built to withstand such high winds.[55]

Premier Mark McGowan said that Seroja was "like nothing we have seen before in decades". There was a Red Alert placed along an 800 kilometer stretch of coastline south of Carnarvon and Lancelin. The people under the alert were required to stay in their houses or in an evacuation center. The latter structures were open in Port Denison, Carnarvon and Denham. The cyclone was expected to impact the area until midnight. High tides, intense rainfall, flash flooding, dangerous surf and beach erosion were among the warned dangers of Seroja.[56]

Impact

[edit]
Flooding and soil liquefaction in the capital of East Timor, Dili
Aftermath of flood caused by the cyclone, East Flores Regency

East Timor

[edit]

In East Timor, a landslide and floods displaced more than 8,000 people and was initially claimed to have led to the deaths of 42 people in total.[57][58][59][60][61][9][6] The storm caused power outages in the entirety of East Timor, in addition to damaging the presidential palace.[61] Flood caused by the storm damaged the national laboratory of Guido Valadares National Hospital, the only laboratorium in the country, causing concern that it would affect East Timor's effort to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.[62] The floods also seemed to have damaged the country's central pharmacy, where vaccine stocks for East Timor population were stored.[62][63] Other damaged facilities include two COVID-19 isolation facilities.[64][65][66] It is thought that many more people in East Timor have died due to the storm's widespread flooding.[65][66] At least 30 people remain missing in the country.[59][9]

Preliminary reports from 7 April 2021 showed that approximately 10,325 people were affected by the storm. 76% of those people were in the Dili municipality. The rains were so heavy that the capital was referred to as a "mud pit".[67] Damage from Seroja in East Timor was expected to exceed US$100 million, according to Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.[17]

According to a report published in January 2022 by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the flooding in East Timor affected 13 municipalities and 30,322 households, destroyed 4,212 houses, took 34 lives, and was "... said to be the worst the country has seen in 50 years ...".[68] The East Timor country coordinator for the Australian Humanitarian Partnership consortium said that it was "anything but typical".[68] The country manager of Australian People for Health, Education and Development Abroad (APHEDA) attributed it to the obstruction of waterways by housing erected along them. She said that such housing blocks water canals, and that the government needed to enforce the country's pre-independence rule against building within 100 m (330 ft) of bodies of water.[68]

Indonesia

[edit]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Indonesia
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 383 15.1 Cempaka 2017 Pacitan, East Java
2 223 8.78 Inigo 2003 Larantuka, Flores [69]
3 193 7.6 Kirrily 2009 Tual, Maluku Province [70]
4 159.7 6.29 Seroja 2021 Kalabahi, Alor Island [71]
5 148 5.8 17U 2019 Yogyakarta

As a tropical low, Seroja caused widespread rainfall and thunderstorms in the West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara provinces in Indonesia.[72][73][74] In the early hours of 4 April, floods struck the island, hours before people intended to gather for Easter celebrations. In the immediate aftermath, 41 people were killed and 28 were seriously injured.[59] Bridges and roads connecting to Flores Island and Adonara Island were destroyed.[74][75] The banks of two rivers in Ende district burst, killing two people and resulting in extensive flooding in East Flores.[59] Dozens of homes were buried under mudslides in the village of Lamenele on Adonara island.[74][75][59] In the East Flores Regency, fourteen villages were hit by flash flooding as a result of runoff of volcanic materials from Mount Ile Lewotolok.[59][76] A local chief of a village in East Flores reported that hundreds of hectares of crops were destroyed. Dozens of farm animals were also reportedly swept away by flash floods.[77] A majority of the casualties in East Flores were from the Nelelamadike village in Adonara Island after a massive rockslide struck the village.[78] The village reported 55 deaths, of whom 15 were children. More than 600 residents of the village were left homeless by the cyclone.[79]

In the city of Kupang, 734 houses were damaged, affecting 2,190 people, while in Rote Ndao, around 30 houses were flooded.[80][81] A bridge connecting the cities of Kupang and Malaka Regency was destroyed, making travel between the two regions extremely difficult.[82][83] A passenger ship, the Jatra I, sunk on a port in Kupang city, after experiencing a leak. No casualties were reported from the sinking.[84][85] Another ship, the Namparnos, went adrift and grounded on Kambing Island.[85] Trans-Timor roads were flooded, cutting off access between regencies.[81] The office building of the governor of East Nusa Tenggara, commonly known as "Sasando Building," was also damaged by the cyclone.[86] In East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara, approximately 11,406 people were displaced, while 66,036 homes were damaged.[87]

Five cities and regencies experienced power outages, but electricity was partially restored later.[88] At least 98 base transceiver stations in East Nusa Tenggara province were damaged, although some were restored later by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.[89] Four fuel trucks owned by Pertamina were damaged.[90] A dam in East Sumba overflowed, causing a flood in a neighboring city.[91] The cyclone affected areas as far as the city of Bima in West Nusa Tenggara, where it caused floods, submerging 10,000 homes and affecting more than 27,000 people.[59][92][93] On Lembata, the rain loosened solidified lava from an eruption in November of Ili Lewotolok volcano. The stone tumbled into several villages, killing at least 11 people.[93] A garden which had belonged to several residents of Sikumana Village in Kupang was severely flooded and turned into a two-hectare wide karst lake, after the composition of limestone and karst rock was eroded.[94][95] The karst lake was given the name "Tuaknatun Lake" by local residents due to the presence of teak trees nearby.[96]

There were fears of a looming food crisis across East Nusa Tenggara as there were multiple reports of extensive damage on crops and stored food from harvests. Hundreds of livestock were reported as dead due to the flooding. Residents reported that more than 10,000 hectares of crops had been destroyed by the flood. In Malaka Regency, more than 4,000 hectares of crops were destroyed. This was worsened by the collapse of a spillway in the nearby Benanain Dam in the regency, which also serves as the main source of water for locals. The regency was one of the main food producer in East Nusa Tenggara. The extensive damage on crops and livestock in the regency may further worsen the crisis in the region.[97]

As of 14 April, the death toll in the country had risen to 183.[4] The high death toll was most likely because most people were sleeping when the cyclone made landfall, meaning that it was unexpected.[98] In total, as much as 29 regencies and city across East Nusa Tenggara were affected by the cyclone. More than 70,000 structures across the region were damaged or destroyed and nearly half a million people were affected.[99] Farmers in the seaweed industry in Kupang Regency lost an estimated 7 billion rupiah (US$482,101) due to crop failure and destruction of cultivation facilities/infrastructure attributed to Seroja.[100] Total preliminary estimated losses in East Nusa Tenggara, according to the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management, amounted to at least 3.4 trillion rupiah (US$235.7 million) as of May 2021.[16]

Australia

[edit]
Cyclone Seroja making landfall in Western Australia on 11 April

After Seroja made landfall, around 4,350 people in Western Australia lost electricity as the storm's high winds downed power lines, particularly around Kalbarri.[101] A wind gust of 170 kilometres per hour (110 mph), which was likely being one of the strongest wind gusts recorded in the city in more than 50 years. Rain up to 100 millimetres (3.9 in) was also reported in the town.[102][verification needed] This number of power outages soon increased to over 25,000 within hours of landfall as Seroja accelerated further inland.[103] Shortly after, unconfirmed reports claimed that buildings had already had their roofs torn off and even entire homes and sheds were completely destroyed.[104] Carnarvon's famous 124-year old "One Mile Jetty" collapsed and floated out to sea.[105] Some residents were required to barricade themselves within bathrooms or cupboards as their homes were damaged.[106] In the daytime, Department of Fire and Emergency Services (DFES) reported that around 70% of structures in Kalbarri were damaged, while around 40% of those properties had been completely destroyed.[107][108] The department also received around 175 calls by the morning of 12 April.[107] Businesses based around the tourist industry in Kalbarri were afraid they might never be able to reopen.[109]

News reporters reported that some houses had been completely flattened by the cyclone.[109] Heavily damaged structures which previously used asbestos as a building material in Kalbarri left the presence of asbestos fibres on the ground and airborne, which can be deadly when inhaled.[110] Widespread damage was also reported in Northampton.[111] Shire of Northampton President Craig Simkins described the damage as if a "bomb had gone off", with many structures having lost their roofs or being severely damaged, leaving Simkins perplexed as to whether there should be a new building code to accommodate future cyclones in the region.[112] Recovery was estimated to take several months or even years in the small town.[113] Access and communication to towns further north impacted by the cyclone, such as Geraldton, were cut off, leaving the scale of damage in the city largely unknown.[114] The cyclone was later declared as an 'insurance catastrophe', according to the Insurance Council of Australia.[115][114]

During the cyclone, one person died; a 38-year-old maintenance worker who was electrocuted in Coral Bay after attempting to secure a caravan park's private power pole which had fallen down in the wind.[7][8] There were no other reports of casualties or severe injuries.[108] Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison offered federal government support for recovery in Kalbarri.[116] A fundraiser by Lord Mayor's Distress Fund in Western Australia raised AUD$2.75 million (US$2.12 million) in a little over a day to help families impacted by the cyclone.[117] Australian footballer Jamie Cripps reportedly lost his family home which was destroyed in Northampton due to Seroja.[118] DFES commissioner Darren Klemm said on 15 April that damage from Seroja could cost up to AUD$200 million (US$155 million) to repair.[18][19] A total of 875 buildings were damaged by the cyclone, while at least 32 buildings were destroyed.[119] Around 5,840 homes remained without power over a week after the cyclone, according to Western Power.[120]

Aftermath

[edit]

East Timor

[edit]

East Timor Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak cited the floods as one of the most devastating incidents to affect the country in 40 years.[57] The East Timor government later held an emergency meeting to assess the situation.[62] The Civil Protection Agency of Timor Leste planned an emergency response. According to the Lusa News Agency, it is impossible for East Timor to currently balance the damage mitigation with the limited resources the country has.[121][64] United Nations developmental coordinator Alex Tilman said East Timor would not have the necessary resources alone to recover from the cyclone.[17] Portugal was ready to send assistance to East Timor, according to Foreign Minister Augusto Santos Silva.[64] The European Union and United Nations also expressed sympathy and said that they were ready to assist the East Timor government to repair damaged infrastructure and provide assistance for victims.[64]

The East Timorese Minister of Interior distributed foods to victims in a hotel, which he said had been cooked by his wife.[58] TSF Radio said the assistance was symbolic and far from enough to assist the victims.[58] Local churches in Dili mobilized priests and pastors to help the victims voluntarily.[9] The Government of East Timor declared a state of emergency to speed up the mitigation process.[6] In addition, the government asked the World Bank for support in assessing damages, and advice on longer-term implications for disaster risk management. The World Bank published its report in December 2021.[122]

The leader of Fretilin, Mari Alkatiri, urged East Timor government to ask for more international assistance such as helicopter and military cargo.[6] He said he already met with United Nations ambassador on Dili to discuss about more assistance.[6]

The Government of East Timor reintroduced COVID-19 lockdown on three cities; Dili, Baucau, and Viqueque amid rising infection case after the disaster until 2 May.[9] Transmission of other waterborne diseases such as cholera, dengue fever, and malaria was also expected to quickly rise due to the immense floods.[17] The first COVID-19 death recorded in the country occurred shortly after the cyclone.[123][17] Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison promised additional COVID-19 vaccine doses would be diverted to East Timor.[17]

Indonesia

[edit]

Several schools on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border were evacuated by the Indonesian Army stationed there before they collapsed.[124][125] Police in Kefamenanu assisted by the army evacuated most of the town residents amid flooding in the region.[126] Evacuation processes in the East Flores Regency was hampered by the lack of heavy equipment, limited access to the sea, and a lack of effective shelter in the area.[75][127] The Indonesian electricity company PLN was only able to repair 82% of damaged power infrastructure in residential areas, while the rest was difficult to repair because of the extreme weather and floods.[128][129]

The City of Kupang declared a state of emergency, but they lacked emergency response funds and had limited personnel to provide a response.[81] An emergency bridge was constructed to help victims evacuate in East Flores.[130] Indonesian President Joko Widodo at a press conference on 5 April 2021, offered his condolences "in the name of all Indonesian people".[131][132] He also urged all government institutions to mitigate the damage caused by the cyclone.[133] In addition, the Nasdem Party set up public kitchens for the victims.[134] The chief of the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB), Doni Monardo planned to visit the affected regions on 5 April 2021.[135][136] After the visit, he concluded that health infrastructures and facilities in most of East Nusa Tenggara are adequate, but lacked health workers and doctors.[137] Later, the president also held a brief meeting to address the disaster.[138]

Seroja moving away from Indonesia on 5 April

In addition to rubber boats, shelters, and personnel, the Indonesian government sent food, blankets, masks, and COVID-19 rapid tests.[139][140][141] Pertamina responded by replacing 4 damaged fuel trucks, which would be used to help distribute fuel to victims in the region.[142] As of 5 April 11:00 a.m. Western Indonesian Time (WIB), a logistical route for fuel to Adonara Island has been restored.[143] El Tari International Airport has resumed its operations on 5 April 10:00 WIB after being closed since the night before.[144] Indonesia's navy readied hospital ships to help treat injured survivors. Helicopters also dropped food and other essentials into remote villages, while sniffer dogs were deployed to search for the dozens missing from the cyclone.[145]

Distribution of aid was limited by the severe weather and damaged infrastructure.[146][147] As the result, the government sent four helicopters and one cargo airplane to assist distribution.[148] The People's Representative Council urged the government to speed up the distribution of relief and suggested using Indonesian army personnel to help overcome logistical hurdles.[140][149] The Ministry of Social Affairs sent aid to flood victims in the city of Bima.[150] Kodam IX/Udayana personnel constructed eight shelter center, 20 field kitchens, and six field hospitals.[151] Hadi Tjahjanto, the Commander of Armed Forces, sent a navy ship known as KRI Oswald Siahaan (354), a Lockheed C-130 Hercules, a helicopter, and several battalions of military engineers from Kodam IX/Udayana and Kodam XIV/Hasanuddin to assist evacuation and reconstruction of infrastructures.[152]

The central government of Indonesia prepared additional state funds to assist victims and the reconstruction of cities and villages in the province.[153] Indonesians organized a donation campaign for victims, especially for East Nusa Tenggara, and gathered almost 1,000,000,000 rupiahs or around $70,000 as of 6 April.[154] Ministry of Social Affairs gave compensation of around $1,000 each for deceased victims and $300 each to injured victims, in addition of other aids totaling around $760,000.[155] Each family of a victim also received 500,000 rupiahs or $35 per month for them to pay rent on family's houses or local homestay, as to minimize amount of shelter camps amid COVID-19 until their house was reconstructed by the government.[156][157] In addition, there's also compensation for each damaged houses; around $3,500 for heavily damaged, $1,500 for moderately damaged, and around $700 for lightly damaged.[158] Governor of East Java, Khofifah Indar Parawansa also send additional assistance and aid to affected region.[159] COVID-19 Task Force personnel were sent to the affected regions and shelters to limit the spread of COVID-19, using experience from 2021 South Kalimantan floods and 2021 West Sulawesi earthquake.[160] The regional police of the province inspected all of the building material stores in the region to prevent sellers putting high prices for reconstruction.[161][162]

Logistical assistance from Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs.

As of 6 April, more than 8,400 residents across the province had been evacuated. The majority of those who evacuated (at least 7,000 people) were residents in East Sumba Regency. The BNPB stated that at least 12 administrative regions in East Nusa Tenggara had been affected by the cyclone, of which 8 were severely affected.[163][164] Chinese President Xi Jinping offered his condolences on the disaster.[165] On Friday, president Joko Widodo paid a visit to Adonara Island and Lembata Regency.[166][167][168]

Multiple local governments sent aids to affected areas. The government of West Sumatra sent 1.5 tons of rendang, a signature dish from the province, to East Nusa Tenggara. Additional funds of Rp 750 million were sent through BNPB, adding that funds will be allocated for the relief efforts in the region.[169] Funds were also received from West Java, with a total of Rp 1 billion. The West Java regional government later stated: “The Governor of West Java and his administration would like to express our deepest condolences to the people of East Nusa Tenggara.”[170] The government of Central Java sent logistical aids worth at least Rp 306 million rupiah and donated Rp 457 million rupiah to East Nusa Tenggara.[171] The European Union provided €200,000 (over 3.4 billion Indonesian rupiah) to Indonesia. Vincent Piket, the EU ambassador to Indonesia, stated: "With this assistance, the EU is expressing its solidarity with Indonesia for the many people afflicted by Cyclone Seroja. The EU stands ready to support those in need in times of crisis."[172]

Currently, regions affected in Indonesia already moved into rehabilitation and reconstruction process as more missing victims were found and the cyclone is moving away.[173][174][175][176] After receiving orders from President Joko Widodo to relocate the survivors, Governor of East Nusa Tenggara Viktor Laiskodat urged local leaders to immediately choose the suitable locations for the relocation efforts. Reconstruction on the damaged buildings will be compensated by the government through the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and Housing.[177]

House constructions in relocated area in Lembata Regency. The cyclone damaged many villages and prompted government to relocate several settlements.

Despite calls from several prominent public figures in the province to declare Cyclone Seroja as a national disaster,[178][97] Governor of East Nusa Tenggara Viktor Laiskodat refused to do so, stating that efforts from the central government were sufficient to meet the needs of the survivors.[179]

Controversy

[edit]

The lack of warnings by the government prior to the cyclone and no direct response by the local government was criticized by Indonesian netizens and NGOs, such as WALHI, for worsening the effects of the cyclone.[22] The hashtag #PrayforNTT became viral in Indonesia on Twitter.[180][181] WALHI pressured the provincial government of the province of East Nusa Tenggara to declare a state of emergency and criticized the lack of a response from the governor there, Viktor Laiskodat.[182][29] The Prosperous Justice Party criticized Indonesian president Joko Widodo for attending the marriage of Indonesian celebrity Atta Halilintar instead of addressing the disaster of Seroja.[183][184] The governor of East Nusa Tenggara declared a state of emergency on 6 April 2021, which was thought to be too late by many.[who?][185][186] People in the affected regions asked President Joko Widodo to come instead of asking local officials to assist because they are considered too slow and uncoordinated.[187] A member of the Indonesia National Student Movement from the region harshly criticized the local government and asked the President to directly see and discipline them.[187]

The destruction that was caused by Cyclone Seroja further exposed the lack of mitigation efforts and the vulnerability of Indonesia to natural disasters.[188] On 7 April, due to the perceived unresponsiveness and incompetence from East Nusa Tenggara provincial disaster mitigation agency on the aftermath of Cyclone Seroja, the head of the agency, Thomas Bangke, was fired by the governor.[24] A similar course of action was taken by the mayor of Kupang, where the head of the city's regional mitigation agency was fired for being "slow".[23]

Retirement

[edit]

Due to its onslaught, the name Seroja was retired from the naming list and was replaced by Rambutan.[189]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Latos, Beata; Peyrillé, Philippe; Lefort, Thierry; Baranowski, Dariusz B.; Flatau, Maria K.; Flatau, Piotr J.; Riama, Nelly Florida; Permana, Donaldi S.; Rydbeck, Adam V.; Matthews, Adrian J. (2023). "The role of tropical waves in the genesis of Tropical Cyclone Seroja in the Maritime Continent". Nature Communications. 14 856.
  2. ^ "Rescue efforts hampered as flash floods and landslides in Indonesia kill dozens". Gazette Standard. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  3. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap May 2021" (PDF). Aon Benfield Analytics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Death toll from tropical cyclone Seroja in Indonesia increases to 181, 47 still missing". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  5. ^ "BNPB Perbaharui Data Korban NTT, Pencarian Korban Hilang Terus Dioptimalkan". Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021. Data terbaru, sebanyak 174 orang meninggal dunia di NTT dan 48 orang masih hilang. Di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) jumlah korban jiwa masih tetap sebanyak 2 orang
  6. ^ a b c d e "Timor-Leste precisa de um helicóptero e mais apoio". Timor-Leste precisa de um helicóptero e mais apoio (in Portuguese). Rádio e Televisão de Portugal. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  7. ^ a b "'The biggest heart': Tributes flow for man electrocuted in WA's weekend storm". 7NEWS.com.au. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  8. ^ a b Woolley, Summer (11 April 2021). "Daybreak reveals widespread destruction caused by Cyclone Seroja". AAP/7 News. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Timor-Leste. Igreja local em apoio às vítimas das inundações e da Covid-19 - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va (in Portuguese). 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Seroja - Apr 2021". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Lebih dari 12 Ribu Warga Masih Mengungsi Akibat Siklon Seroja". Media Indonesia. 15 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  12. ^ "Update Data Kerusakan Akibat Badai Seroja di Sabu Raijua: 13 Ribu Rumah Rusak". Kumparan. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  13. ^ "6.546 Rumah Warga Kabupaten Kupang Rusak Efek Badai Seroja". CNN Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  14. ^ "Rescuers hampered by damaged roads, more rain in Indonesia". www.9news.com.au. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  15. ^ Wawo, Rick; Karmini, Niniek. "Indonesia landslides death toll rises to 140, dozens missing". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Kerugian Sementara akibat Badai Siklon Tropis Seroja di NTT Rp 3,4 Triliun". kompas.id. 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  17. ^ a b c d e f Barrett, Chris (9 April 2021). "'Cocktail of disaster': East Timor asks for Australian aid as floods trigger disease outbreak". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  18. ^ a b Raphael, Angie (15 April 2021). "Repair costs could be $200m after 170 properties destroyed or severely damaged by Tropical Cyclone Seroja". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  19. ^ a b Peter Law; Sarah Steger (15 April 2021). "Cyclone Seroja: Damage bill could reach $200 million as authorities count hundreds of homes destroyed". thewest.com.au. The West Australian. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  20. ^ "LPEM UI: Siklon Tropis Seroja Bersifat Katastropik" (in Indonesian). Berita Satu. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  21. ^ Mann, Francesca (9 April 2022). "Midwest residents still rebuilding one year after tropical Cyclone Seroja devastated the region". ABC News. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  22. ^ a b Costa, Emanuel Dile Bataona, Agustinus Beo Da (9 April 2021). "'No warnings': Powerful cyclone exposes Indonesia's lack of preparedness". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ a b "Dinilai "Tak Becus" Urus Bencana, Wali Kota Kupang Copot Kepala BPBD". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  24. ^ a b "Thomas Bangke, Kepala BPBD NTT Dicopot dari Jabatan di Tengah Situasi Bencana, Ini Alasannya". Kompas. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  25. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 1 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019.
  26. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 3 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  27. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  28. ^ "Ocean, Gale, and Storm Warning For Area 0 – 10 S, 90 – 125 E". TCWC Jakarta. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  29. ^ a b "NTT Dikepung Bencana Hidrometereologi, WALHI NTT: Gubernur Harus Tetapkan Status Darurat Bencana". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  30. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 26S (Twentysix) Warning #01". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  31. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Information Bulletin". TCWC Jakarta. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Information Bulletin" (in Indonesian). Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Jakarta. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  33. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region - 1941 UTC 05/04/2021". WMO Information System. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021.
  34. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021.
  35. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021.
  36. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021.
  37. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021.
  38. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021.
  39. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 26S (Seroja) Warning #26". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021.
  40. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021.
  41. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for the Western Region". Bureau of Meteorology. 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021.
  42. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 26S (Seroja) Warning Number #29". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021.
  43. ^ "Peringatan BMKG soal Siklon Seroja di NTT Dini Hari Ini". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  44. ^ "Peringatan dini BMKG, Siklon Tropis di Indonesia". 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  45. ^ "NTT Waspada Siklon Tropis Seroja". rri.co.id. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  46. ^ Amirullah (8 April 2021). "BMKG Minta Empat Provinsi Waspadai Siklon Tropis Seroja". Tempo. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  47. ^ "WA residents warned tropical cyclone intensifying as it heads south". 7NEWS.com.au. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  48. ^ "Tropical cyclone approaching WA". The West Australian. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  49. ^ "Prepare for trouble, and make it double: Rare weather phenomenon brews off WA coast". www.abc.net.au. 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  50. ^ Cooper, Mike (8 April 2021). "Fujiwhara Effect: Triple cyclones put Australian commodity producers on high alert". Stockhead. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  51. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advice Number 3 (WA)". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021.
  52. ^ "Second cyclone forms off WA coast in rare weather event, triggering blue alert". www.abc.net.au. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  53. ^ "WA on alert as two cyclones spin off coast". www.9news.com.au. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  54. ^ Lyons, Erin; Brook, Benedict (8 April 2021). "'Prepare now': Double cyclones intensify". thechronicle. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  55. ^ "Western Australia cyclones: Odette and Seroja spark evacuations amid 'devastation' fears". the Guardian. 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  56. ^ "Cyclone Seroja 'threat to lives and homes' as WA communities told to shelter". the Guardian. Australian Associated Press. 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  57. ^ a b "Indonesia floods: More than 40 people killed in flash flooding – and more die in landslides in East Timor". Sky News. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  58. ^ a b c "Sete mil desalojados em Díli. "As inundações foram devastadoras e situação é desoladora"". TSF Rádio Notícias (in Portuguese). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g Impelli, Matthew (5 April 2021). "At least 160 dead in Indonesia, East Timor as Tropical Cyclone Seroja batters region". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  60. ^ Rakyat, Pikiran. "Tak Cuma NTT dan NTB, Timor Timur Ikut Disapu Banjir Bandang hingga Tenggelamkan Istana Kepresidenan - Pikiran-Rakyat.com". www.pikiran-rakyat.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  61. ^ a b "Floods, landslides kill dozens in Indonesia and Timor-Leste". www.abc.net.au. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  62. ^ a b c "Timor-Leste. Inundações em Dili fazem nove mortos". Timor-Leste. Inundações em Dili fazem nove mortos (in Portuguese). Rádio e Televisão de Portugal. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  63. ^ "Timor-Leste. Balanço das cheias em Díli aumenta para 11 vítimas mortais". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  64. ^ a b c d "Inundações mortais em Timor-Leste". euronews (in Portuguese). 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  65. ^ a b "Badai Tropis Seroja Terjang Timor Leste, 21 Orang Tewas". iNews.ID (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  66. ^ a b Cruz, Agustinus Beo Da Costa, Nelson Da (5 April 2021). "Tropical cyclone kills at least 76 in Indonesia, East Timor". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  67. ^ "Over 100 deaths after Tropical Cyclone Seroja and torrential rain lead to flooding and landslides in Timor-Leste and Indonesia - Indonesia". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  68. ^ a b c Rubrico, Jennee Grace U. (29 January 2022). "Timor-Leste floods teach costly lessons". United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  69. ^ Gary Padgett (2003). "April 2003 Worldwide Tropical Weather Summary". Retrieved 5 January 2008.
  70. ^ Siklon Tropis Kirrily [Tropical Cyclone Kirrily] (PDF) (Report) (in Indonesian). Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  71. ^ Kurniawan, R; Harsa, H; Nurrahmat, M H; Sasmito, A; Florida, N; Makmur, E E S; Swarinoto, Y S; Habibie, M N; Hutapea, T F; Hendri; Sudewi, R S; Fitria, W; Praja, A S; Adrianita, F (2021). "The Impact of Tropical Cyclone Seroja to The Rainfall and Sea Wave Height in East Nusa Tenggara". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 925 (The 3rd International Conference on Maritime Sciences and Advanced Technology 5–6 August 2021, Pangandaran, Indonesia (Virtual)): 012049. Bibcode:2021E&ES..925a2049K. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012049. S2CID 244918178. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  72. ^ "Floods, landslides kill dozens in Indonesia and Timor-Leste". Channel News Asia. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  73. ^ "Timor-Leste – Severe floods (DG ECHO, Media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 4 April 2021)". reliefweb. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021.
  74. ^ a b c "Indonesia: At least 44 killed by flash floods and landslides". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  75. ^ a b c Beech, Hannah; Suhartono, Muktita (4 April 2021). "Floods and Mudslides in Eastern Indonesia Leave at Least 41 Dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  76. ^ "Cuaca Ekstrem di Lembata NTT, 18 Orang Tewas dan 37 Hilang". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  77. ^ "Ratusan Hektar Sawah di Pulau Adonara, Kabupaten Flores Timur - NTT Rusak Diterjang Banjir Bandang". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  78. ^ "Opsi Relokasi di Adonara Tak Bisa Ditawar". Kompas. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  79. ^ "15 Anak-anak Jadi Korban Bencana di Desa Nelelamadike Pulau Adonara". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  80. ^ "30 Rumah Warga di Desa Papela Kabupaten Rote Ndao Terendam Air". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  81. ^ a b c "Darurat Bencana NTT, Ruas Jalan Timor Raya Terendam". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  82. ^ "Jembatan Benenai Putus Diterjang Banjir, Akses Kupang ke Malaka Lumpuh Total". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  83. ^ "Indonesia Floods and Landslides Kill At Least 41 People". Time. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  84. ^ "Cuaca Ekstrem, Kapal Jatra 1 Tenggelam di Pelabuhan Bolok NTT". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  85. ^ a b "Indonesian Ferry Capsizes in Cyclone Seroja". The Maritime Executive. 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  86. ^ "Angin Kencang Terjang Kota Kupang, Plafon Kantor Gubernur NTT Roboh". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  87. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 26S (Seroja) Nusa Tenggara Islands, Indonesia | Flash Update #3 - Indonesia". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  88. ^ Indraini, Anisa. "Daftar Kecamatan yang Padam Listrik Imbas Banjir Bandang NTT". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  89. ^ "Kominfo dan Operator Seluler Upayakan Pemulihan Jaringan Telekomunikasi di NTT". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  90. ^ Indraini, Anisa. "Banjir Bandang Terjang NTT, Listrik hingga BBM Terdampak". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  91. ^ "Bendungan Kambaniru Sumba Timur NTT Meluap". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  92. ^ "BNPB Catat 27.808 Warga Terdampak Banjir di Bima | SuaraNTB". www.suarantb.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  93. ^ a b Ron Bracket (5 April 2021). "Tropical Cyclone Seroja Leaves Dozens Dead in Indonesia, East Timor". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  94. ^ Prayitno, Niken Ari. "5 Fakta Danau Baru di Kupang yang Muncul Pasca Badai Siklon Seroja". POPBELA.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  95. ^ "Danau hingga Pulau, Ini 3 Fenomena Alam yang Muncul Setelah Siklon Tropis Seroja Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  96. ^ "Danau Baru di Kota Kupang yang Muncul Setelah Badai Seroja Diberi Nama Tuaknatun Lake". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 22 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  97. ^ a b "Krisis Pangan di NTT Sudah di Depan Mata". Kompas. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  98. ^ "Korban Meninggal Bencana Alam di NTT Bertambah Jadi 11 Orang". suara.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  99. ^ "Baru Tujuh Kabupaten Mengirim Data Validasi Kerusakan Bencana Alam NTT ke BNPB". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  100. ^ "Dampak Badai Seroja, Pembudidaya Rumput Laut di Kupang Rugi Rp 7 Miliar". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 22 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  101. ^ "Cyclone Seroja power supply updates". Western Power. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  102. ^ "Weather News - Cleaning up after Seroja as severe weather spreads inland". www.weatherzone.com.au. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  103. ^ "Over 25,000 without power after Cyclone Seroja hits WA coast". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  104. ^ Cross, Daile; Young, Emma; Pilat, Lauren (11 April 2021). "LIVE: 'The roof over our balcony is gone': Nine News journalists stationed in Kalbarri feel the brunt of Seroja's wrath as winds hit 170km/h". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  105. ^ "Cyclone Seroja leaves trail of destruction and blackouts after crossing WA coast". SBS News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  106. ^ "Cyclone Seroja wreaks havoc on Western Australia coast". The Straits Times. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  107. ^ a b "Cyclone Seroja: Storm leaves trail of damage in Western Australia". BBC News. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  108. ^ a b "McGowan to inspect cyclone damage". The West Australian. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  109. ^ a b "Cyclone damage in WA 'widespread and severe', with some firms fearing they'll never reopen". www.9news.com.au. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  110. ^ "The new threat facing Kalbarri residents cleaning up after devastating cyclone". 7NEWS.com.au. 14 April 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  111. ^ "Cyclone Seroja causes 'widespread damage' in Australia towns – The Manila Times". www.manilatimes.net. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  112. ^ "'Like a bomb's gone off'". PerthNow. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  113. ^ "Families left homeless by Cyclone Seroja's fury tell of 'terrifying' night". 7NEWS.com.au. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  114. ^ a b Ramsey, Michael (14 April 2021). "WA cyclone Seroja declared catastrophe". The Standard. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  115. ^ "Insurance Council declares Catastrophe for Cyclone Seroja devastation | Mirage News". miragenews.com. 14 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  116. ^ "PM offers Federal support to Seroja disaster zone". The West Australian. 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  117. ^ "WA digs deep with $2.75m as Seroja clean-up begins". The West Australian. 14 April 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  118. ^ "Family home of Eagles star Jamie Cripps destroyed by Cyclone Seroja". 7NEWS.com.au. 13 April 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  119. ^ "Cyclone Seroja disaster relief extended after frustration from ineligible WA victims". www.abc.net.au. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  120. ^ "Western Power undertakes power restoration following Cyclone Seroja". Utility Magazine. 19 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  121. ^ "Inundações em Timor-Leste. Pelo menos 11 mortos e Díli em situação de "calamidade"" (in Portuguese). 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  122. ^ Learning from Tropical Cyclone Seroja : Building Disaster and Climate Resilience in Timor-Leste (Report). Washington, DC: World Bank. 2021. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  123. ^ Ryan Dagur (6 April 2021). "Timor-Leste records first Covid-19 death - UCA News". ucanews.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  124. ^ "Satgas Pamtas RI-RDTL di NTT bantu evakuasi sekolah runtuh". Antara News. 3 April 2021. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  125. ^ "Bencana Tanah Longsor Sebabkan Ruangan Perpustakaan SMP Negeri Satap Noebesi, TTU Roboh". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  126. ^ "Banjir di Kota Kefamenanu NTT, Polisi Bantu Evakuasi Warga". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  127. ^ Rakyat, Pikiran. "Terbatasnya Alat Berat hingga Kondisi Cuaca, Hambat Evakuasi Korban Longsor Flores Timur - Pikiran-Rakyat.com". www.pikiran-rakyat.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  128. ^ "PLN Gerak Cepat Amankan Kelistrikan Terdampak Cuaca Ekstrim di NTT | beritajatim.com". beritajatim.com. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  129. ^ "PLN Hidupkan Kembali 4.885 Gardu Listrik di Lokasi Banjir dan Longsor NTT". iNews.ID (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  130. ^ "Evakuasi Korban Banjir Flores Timur, Warga Bangun Jembatan Darurat". merdeka.com. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  131. ^ Keterangan Pers Presiden RI Mengenai Bencana di Provinsi NTT dan NTB, Jakarta, 5 April 2021, archived from the original on 12 April 2021, retrieved 5 April 2021
  132. ^ "Ucapkan Duka Bencana NTT dan NTB, Jokowi: Saya Memahami Kesedihan Saudara". iNews.ID (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  133. ^ "Dari Kepala BNPB, Basarnas, Hingga Mensos Diperintahkan Jokowi Tangani Bencana NTB dan NTT". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  134. ^ Primus Dorimulu (5 April 2021). "Nasdem Buka Dapur Umum di NTT" (in Indonesian). BeritaSatu. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  135. ^ "Besok, Kepala BNPB Doni Monardo Turun Langsung ke Flores Timur" (in Indonesian). Surya Kepri. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  136. ^ "Banjir Bandang Terjang 2 Desa di Flores Timur, Kepala BNPB Letjen Doni Bertolak ke NTT". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  137. ^ Wibowo, Eko Ari (6 April 2021). "Kunjungi Lokasi Banjir NTT, Doni Monardo: Faskes Memadai, Tenaga Dokter Terbatas". Tempo. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  138. ^ LIVE: Rapat Terbatas Penanganan Bencana di Provinsi NTB dan NTT, Istana Merdeka, 6 April 2021, archived from the original on 26 April 2022, retrieved 7 April 2021
  139. ^ "BNPB Kirim Rapid Tes Antigen dan Masker untuk Korban Banjir Bandang Adonara Flores Timur". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  140. ^ a b "NTT Dilanda Banjir Besar, Pemerintah Diminta Segera Kirim Bantuan". indozone.id (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  141. ^ "Tak Hanya Makanan, BNPB Salurkan Masker hingga Rapid Test Antigen ke Korban Banjir di Flores Timur". KOMPAS.tv (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  142. ^ "Pertamina Cari Pengganti 4 Mobil Tangki BBM yang Terjebak Banjir NTT". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  143. ^ "Pertamina Siapkan Rencana Antisipasi Salurkan BBM". Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  144. ^ "Terdampak Badai Siklon Tropis Seroja, Bandara El Tari Kupang Kembali Beroperasi". economy.okezone.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  145. ^ "Indonesia readies hospital ships for Cyclone Seroja survivors". CNA. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  146. ^ "Banjir bandang terjang Flores Timur, NTT, pengiriman bantuan 'terkendala cuaca', korban: 'Kami sangat-sangat p". Radio DMS Ambon (in Indonesian). 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  147. ^ "Cuaca Buruk Jadi Kendala Bantuan Banjir Flores Timur". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  148. ^ Amirullah (6 April 2021). "BNPB Kerahkan 4 Heli dan 1 Pesawat Kargo Distribusikan Logistik ke NTT". Tempo. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  149. ^ "DPR Minta Bantuan dan Alat Berat Segera Dikirim ke NTT". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  150. ^ "Kemensos Kirim Bantuan bagi Korban Banjir di Bima : Okezone Nasional". nasional.okezone.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  151. ^ "Kodam IX/Udayana siapkan belasan tenda pengungsi pasca banjir di NTT". Antara News. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  152. ^ Wibowo, Eko Ari (6 April 2021). "Panglima TNI Kerahkan Prajurit dan Alutsista Bantu Korban Banjir NTT dan NTB". Tempo. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  153. ^ "Pemerintah Pusat Diminta Segera Siapkan Anggaran untuk Banjir Bandang di NTT". akurat.co (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  154. ^ "Klik untuk donasi – Urgent banjir bandang dan longsor Flores NTT!!!". Kitabisa (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  155. ^ Suciatiningrum, Dini. "Kemensos Berikan Santunan Rp15 Juta Korban Meninggal di NTT". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  156. ^ "Pengungsi di NTT Diberi Dana Tunggu Hunian Rp 500 Ribu/KK". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  157. ^ Mediatama, Grahanusa (6 April 2021). "Cegah Covid-19 di pengungsian banjir bandang NTT, BNPB beri bantuan sewa Rp 500.000". kontan.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  158. ^ Jokowi Instruksikan Panglima TNI Hingga Menteri PUPR Percepat Evakuasi Korban di NTT dan NTB, archived from the original on 12 April 2021, retrieved 7 April 2021
  159. ^ "NTT Tak Sendirian! Gubernur Khofifah Pastikan Bantuan dari Jatim Segera Dikirim". KlikJatim.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  160. ^ "The Task Force to Prevent Covid-19 in the East Nusa Tenggara Flash Flood Evacuation". Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  161. ^ "Bencana NTT Ditingkahi Spekulan, Ini Langkah Polisi" (in Indonesian). Bali. 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  162. ^ "Kapolda NTT: Tangkap Spekulan Harga Bahan Bangunan!". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  163. ^ "Dampak Terkini Siklon Tropis Seroja: 8.424 Warga NTT Mengungsi". BeritaSatu. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  164. ^ "12 Wilayah Terdampak Siklon Seroja di NTT, Data Korban dan Kerusakan". Kompas. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  165. ^ "Presiden China Xi Jinping Angkat Bicara soal Bencana di NTT" (in Indonesian). Warta Ekonomi. 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  166. ^ "Besok, Jokowi Bakal Tinjau Banjir Bandang di Adonara dan Lembata NTT". suara.com (in Indonesian). 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  167. ^ "Jokowi Terbang ke NTT Pagi Ini Temui Korban Banjir Bandang". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  168. ^ "Tiba di NTT, Presiden Jokowi Tinjau Lokasi Bencana di Lembata". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  169. ^ "Warga Terdampak Siklon Seroja di NTT Dapat Bantuan 1,5 Ton Rendang dari Pemprov Sumbar". Kompas. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  170. ^ "Jawa Barat salurkan Rp1 miliar bantu korban bencana Seroja di NTT". Antara. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  171. ^ "Pemprov Jawa Tengah Bantu Korban Bencana Badai Seroja". Gatra News. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  172. ^ "EU provides €200,000 to help victims of Cyclone Seroja in Indonesia". Delegation of the European Union to Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  173. ^ "Risma Ajak Semua Pihak Kerja Cepat dalam Pemulihan usai Bencana NTT". merdeka.com. 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  174. ^ "Doni: Tiga Korban Sempat Disebut Meninggal, Ditemukan Hidup". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  175. ^ "Update Terkini: Proses Evakuasi Korban, Penanganan dan Kondisi NTT Pasca Banjir Bandang". KOMPAS.tv (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  176. ^ "Ansy: Alokasikan Anggaran Pembangunan NTT Pasca Bencana!". www.gesuri.id/ (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  177. ^ "Rencana Relokasi, Pemprov NTT Minta Pemkab Segera Putuskan Lokasi Pembangunan". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  178. ^ "Tokoh Masyarakat Desak BNPB untuk Tetapkan Bencana Nasional di NTT". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  179. ^ "Bencana Siklon Seroja NTT Tidak Perlu Ditetapkan Jadi Bencana Nasional". Tribun News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  180. ^ Opita, Elvariza. "'Pray for NTT' Bergema, Warga Flores Timur Ungkap Detik-Detik Horor Banjir Bandang Sapu Pemukiman". WowKeren.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  181. ^ Katolikana, Redaksi. "#PRAYFORNTT: Paskah Kelabu di Nusa Tenggara Timur". KATOLIKANA. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  182. ^ Francisca Christy Rosana; Kodrat Setiawan (4 April 2021). "WALHI Desak Pemerintah Tetapkan Status Darurat" (in Indonesian). Tempo.co. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  183. ^ "PKS Kritisi Jokowi di Pernikahan Atta-Aurel Lalu Diunggah Sekretariat Negara". kumparan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  184. ^ "Badai Besar Masih Menghantam NTT, Setop Bahas Kawinan Artis". SINDOnews.com (in Indonesian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  185. ^ "Pemprov Belum Beri Keterangan Soal Dampak Siklon Tropis Seroja di NTT". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  186. ^ Budiman, Aditya (8 April 2021). "Gubernur Viktor Laiskodat Tetapkan Tanggap Darurat Bencana di NTT". Tempo. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  187. ^ a b Budiman, Aditya (8 April 2021). "Jokowi Diminta Turun Langsung Tinjau Lokasi Banjir Bandang di NTT". Tempo. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  188. ^ "Siklon Tropis Seroja Vs Masih Lemahnya Mitigasi Bencana Kita". Republika. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  189. ^ RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2024). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2024 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Seroja.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Seroja&oldid=1246921329"