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Tibetan numerals

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Tibetan numerals is the numeral system of the Tibetan script and a variety of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. It is used in the Tibetan language[1][2] and has a base-10 counting system.[3] The Mongolian numerals were also developed from the Tibetan numerals.[4][5]

Cardinal numbers

[edit]
Arabic numeral Tibetan numeral Tibetan word Romanisation
0 ༠ ཀླད་ཀོར་ laykor
1 ༡ གཅིག་ chig [t͡ɕi˥˩]
2 ༢ གཉིས་ nyi [ȵiː˥˥]
3 ༣ གསུམ་ sum [sum˥˥]
4 ༤ བཞི་ shi [ɕi˩˧]
5 ༥ ལྔ་ nga [ŋa˥˥]
6 ༦ དྲུག་ trug [ʈ͡ʂʰu˩˧˨]
7 ༧ བདུན་ dün [tỹ˩˧]
8 ༨ བརྒྱད་ gyay [cɛː˩˧˨]
9 ༩ དགུ་ gu [ku˩˧]

Extended numbers

[edit]
Arabic numeral Tibetan numeral Tibetan word Romanisation
10 ༡༠ བཅུ་ chu
11 ༡༡ བཅུ་གཅིག་ chu ji
12 ༡༢ བཅུ་གཉིས་ chu nyi
13 ༡༣ བཅུ་གསུམ་ chuk sum
14 ༡༤ བཅུ་བཞི་ chu shi
15 ༡༥ བཅུ་ལྔ་ chü nga
16 ༡༦ བཅུ་དྲུག་ chu druk
17 ༡༧ བཅུ་བདུན་ chup dün
18 ༡༨ བཅུ་པརྒྱད chup gyay
19 ༡༩ བཅུ་དགུ་ chu gu
20 ༢༠ ཉི་ཤུ་ nyi shu
30 ༣༠ སུམ་ཅུ sum ju
40 ༤༠ བཞི་བཅུ ship ju
50 ༥༠ ལྔ་བཅུ ngap ju
60 ༦༠ དྲུག་ཅུ trug chu
70 ༧༠ བདུན་ཅུ dün ju
80 ༨༠ བརྒྱད་ཅུ gyay ju
90 ༩༠ དགུ་བཅུ gup ju
100 ༡༠༠ བརྒྱ་ gya
1,000 ༡༠༠༠ སྟོང་ tong
10,000 ༡༠༠༠༠ ཁྲི་ thri
1,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠ ས་ཡ་ sa ya
10,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ བྱེ་བ་ che wa
100,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ དུང་ཕྱུར་ dung chur
1,000,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ ཐེར་འབུམ་ ther pum
10,000,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ ཐེར་འབུམ་ཆེན་པོ་ ther pum chen po
100,000,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་ thrag trig
1,000,000,000,000 ༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་ཆེན་པོ་ thrag trig chen po

Ordinals

[edit]
Arabic numeral Tibetan numeral Tibetan ordinal word Romanisation
1 ༡ དང་པོ་ dang po [tʰaŋ˩˧.ko˥˥]
2 ༢ གཉིས་པ་ nyi pa
3 ༣ གསུམ་པ་ sum pa
4 ༤ བཞི་པ་ shi pa
5 ༥ ལྔ་པ་ nga pa
6 ༦ དྲུག་པ་ trug pa
7 ༧ བདུན་པ་ dün pa
8 ༨ བརྒྱད་པ་ gyay pa
9 ༩ དགུ་པ་ gu pa
10 ༡༠ བཅུ་པ་ chu pa

Fractions

[edit]
7½-skar postage stamp, the evidence for the ༱ symbol being used for 7.5.[6]

Several slashed forms of Tibetan numerals are included in Unicode to represent fractions. However, their exact meaning and authenticity are unclear.[6]

Tibetan fractions ༳ ༪ ༫ ༬ ༭ ༮ ༯ ༰ ༱ ༲
Values -0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Tibetan (བོད་སྐད)". Omniglot. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Numbers in Tibetan". Omniglot. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  3. ^ Tournadre, Nicolas; Dorje, Sangda (2003). Manual of Standard Tibetan: Language and civilization. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1559391898. OCLC 53477676.
  4. ^ Chrisomalis, Stephen (2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521878180.
  5. ^ "The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II" (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Numbers that Don't Add up – Tibetan Half Digits". BabelStone. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
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