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Tenthredinidae

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Tenthredinidae
Female Tenthredopsis sordida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Symphyta
Superfamily: Tenthredinoidea
Family: Tenthredinidae
Latreille, 1802[1]
Type genus
Tenthredo
Subfamilies

Allantinae
Blennocampinae
Heterarthrinae
Nematinae
Selandriinae - (includes Dolerinae)
Susaninae
Tenthredininae

Xenapates larvae and pupae

Tenthredinidae is the largest family of sawflies, with well over 7,500 species worldwide,[2] divided into 430 genera. Larvae are herbivores and typically feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs, with occasional exceptions that are leaf miners, stem borers, or gall makers. The larvae of externally feeding species resemble small caterpillars. As with all hymenopterans, common sawflies undergo complete metamorphosis.

The family has no easily seen diagnostic features, though the combination of five to nine antennal flagellomeres plus a clear separation of the first abdominal tergum from the metapleuron can reliably separate them. These sawflies are often black or brown, and 3 to 20 mm long. Like other sawflies, they lack the slender "wasp-waist", or petiole, between the thorax and abdomen, characteristic of many hymenopterans. The mesosoma and the metasoma are instead broadly joined. The Tenthredinidae are also often somewhat dorsoventrally flattened, which will distinguish them at least from the slender cephids (which, together with the common sawflies, comprise many of the Nearctic species of Symphyta).

Females use their saw-like ovipositors to cut slits through barks of twigs, into which translucent eggs are wedged, which damages the trees. They are common in meadows, and in forest glades near rapid streams. Adults eat little, while larvae feed on foliage of streamside trees and shrubs, especially willow.

A number of species and genera have been described from the fossil record such as Eriocampa tulameenensis and Pseudosiobla campbelli of British Columbia.[3]

Life cycle of Cladius difformis

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  • Larva
    Larva
  • Pupa, dorsal view
    Pupa, dorsal view
  • Pupa, ventral view
    Pupa, ventral view
  • Female
    Female
  • Male
    Male
Rhogogaster sp.
Macrophya annulata, Brussels
Macremphytus testaceus larvae on dogwood, Cornus sp.

Taxonomy

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The Tenthredinidae are divided into seven subfamilies. Of the 430 genera, nine contain more than 50 species.

Subfamilies and genera

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Subfamilies and genera within this family include:[4]

Phylogeny

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Of these subfamilies, Tenthredininae and Allantinae are sister groups, and together form a sister group to the Nematinae.[5]

References

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  1. ^ Liston et al 2014.
  2. ^ Davis, Robert B; Baldauf, Sandra L; Mayhew, Peter J (2010). "The origins of species richness in the Hymenoptera: insights from a family-level supertree". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 109. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..109D. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-109. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 2873417. PMID 20423463.
  3. ^ Rice, H.M.A. (1968). "Two Tertiary sawflies, (Hymenoptera – Tenthredinidae), from British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada. 67 (59): 1–21.
  4. ^ Funet
  5. ^ Song et al 2016.

Bibliography

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Wikispecies has information related to Tenthredinidae.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tenthredinidae.
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