Jump to content

Template:Indic letters/Tai Tham with matras

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tai Tham Ka with vowel matras
Syllable type Ka Ki Kư̄ Ku
Closed or open ᨠᩣ ᨠᩥ ᨠᩦ ᨠᩧ ᨠᩨ ᨠᩩ ᨠᩪ ᨠᩮ ᨠᩯ ᨠᩮᩣ
Kai Kaư Kau Kō̹i
Open ᨠᩱ ᨠᩲ ᨠᩮᩢᩣ ᨠᩮᩫᩢᩣ ᨠᩮᩫᩣ ᨠᩳ ᨠᩭ
Ko Ka Kœ̄ Kō̹ Ko̹
Open ᨠᩰᩡ ᨠᩡ ᨠᩰ ᨠᩮᩬᩥ ᨠᩮᩦ ᨠᩬᩴ ᨠᩴ ᨠᩬᩳ ᨠᩳ ᨠᩰᩬᩡ ᨠᩰᩬ
Closed ᨠᩫ ᨠᩢ ᨠᩰᩫ ᨠᩮᩥ ᨠᩮᩦ ᨠᩬ ᨠᩬᩢ
Kūa Kīa Kư̄a
Open ᨠ᩠ᩅᩫ ᨠ᩠ᨿᩮ ᨠᩮᩢ᩠ᨿ ᨠᩮᩬᩥᩋ ᨠᩮᩬᩨᩋ ᨠᩮᩬᩨ
Closed ᨠ᩠ᩅ ᨠ᩠ᨿ ᨠᩮᩬᩥ ᨠᩮᩬᩨ

Notes:

  1. The transliteration scheme is an amalgamation of the ALA-LC schemes of Khmer[1], Pali[2] and Lao[3].
  2. Many of the matras include subscript wa (), subscript ya (), subscript a () or even the letter a () itself. Anusvara () and visarga () are also used.
  3. In the relevant Tai languages, a short vowel in an open syllable includes an underlyinɡ ɡlottal stop.

Additional short vowels not shown above may be synthesised from the corresponding long vowel by appending visarga for open syllables (as shown for Ko) or applying mai sat () for closed syllables (as shown for Ko̹). Unlike the other languages, Lao instead replaces an ī or ư̄ glyph by the corresponding short vowel.

The lack of a vowel between consonants notated as consonants is indicated by vertically stacking the consonants, generally without their touching. The Brahmi style of writing final consonants small and low developed, as vestigially seen in Khmer and Lao, into using subscripting to indicate that a consonant had no vowel of its own. In theory this leaves it ambiguous as to whether a consonant precedes or follows the vowel, but ambiguous cases are rare. Finally, if there is no room for the consonant below, it may be left as an 'independent' consonant or. in some cases, written superscript. Occasionally the visible virama (ra haam) is used, but this may signify that the consonant so marked is silent. The vowel /a/ will be made explicit if the final consonant is notated by a letter and is included in the same stack as the initial consonant or is written in a stack just consisting of that consonant.