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The Gerdes Group link is broken. TristramBrelstaff (talk) 11:45, 20 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Fixed, thank you. Tim Vickers (talk) 17:27, 20 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Technically they were first observed as early as 2000 (by Rustom), it's just that Gerdes and Rustom didn't publish their landmark paper until 2004. 86.1.163.237 (talk) 12:32, 21 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Was that first publication Biotechniques. 2000 Apr;28(4):722-8, 730 ? I've looked through that paper but can't find any mention of intercellular membrane structures, it seems to deal exclusively with intracellular vesicle trafficking. Is there another paper or am I missing something? Tim Vickers (talk) 16:22, 21 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]
From "Tunnelling nanotubes: Life's secret network". New Scientist November 2008, (last external link that I just added in article "Membrane nanotube") opening paragraphs...
" HAD Amin Rustom not messed up, he would not have stumbled upon one of the biggest discoveries in biology of recent times. It all began in 2000, when he saw something strange under his microscope. A very long, thin tube had formed between two of the rat cells that he was studying. It looked like nothing he had ever seen before.
His supervisor, Hans-Hermann Gerdes, asked him to repeat the experiment. Rustom did, and saw nothing unusual. When Gerdes grilled him, Rustom admitted that the first time around he had not followed the standard protocol of swapping the liquid in which the cells were growing between observations. Gerdes made him redo the experiment, mistakes and all, and there they were again: long, delicate connections between cells. This was something new - a previously unknown way in which animal cells can communicate with each other.
Gerdes and Rustom, then at Heidelberg University in Germany, called the connections tunnelling nanotubes. Aware that they might be onto something significant, the duo slogged away to produce convincing evidence and eventually published a landmark paper in 2004 (Science, vol 303, p 1007)." Darrell_Greenwood (talk) 18:35, 21 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

OK, I've corrected the article to say "first described in 2004". Please feel free to expand the article yourself by the way, I'm far more comfortable with biochemistry myself than cell biology! Tim Vickers (talk) 20:19, 21 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Reddclayy. Peer reviewers: Reddclayy.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 September 2019 and 4 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): WikiProjectforEnglish.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:48, 17 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Text from redirected page

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This is the text that was written in the redirected page Cytoneme, in the case that some if it can be added here. Zujua (talk) 00:08, 23 July 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Noting that this does not appear to be redirected anymore. Mrfoogles (talk) 19:57, 25 September 2024 (UTC)[reply]
File:Cytonemelivecell.png
Live-cell fluorescence image of a cytoneme emanating from a small clone of cells that express a membrane-tethered form of Green Fluorescence Protein. This cytoneme extends toward cells that express Decapentaplegic, a morphogen signaling protein, in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc.

Cytonemes are thin, cellular projections that are specialized for exchange of signaling proteins between cells.[1] Cytonemes emanate from cells that make signaling proteins, extending directly to cells that receive signaling proteins.[2] Cytonemes also extend directly from cells that receive signaling proteins to cells that make them[1][3][4]
A cytoneme is a type filopodium - a thin, tubular extension of a cell’s plasma membrane that has a core composed of tighly bundled, parallel actin filaments. Filopodia can extend more than 100 mm[dubious – discuss] and have been measured as thin as 0.1 mm and as thick as 0.5 mm. Cytonemes with a diameter of approximately 0.2 mm and as long as 80 mm have been observed in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc[1]

Many cell types have filopodia. The functions of filopodia have been attributed to pathfinding of neurons[5] , early stages of synapse formation[6], antigen presentation by dendritic cells of the immune system[7], force generation by macrophages[8] and virus transmission[9]. They have been associated with wound closure[10], dorsal closure of Drosophila embryos[11], chemotaxis in Dictyostelium[12], Delta-Notch signaling[13], vasculogenesis[14], cell adhesion[15], cell migration, and cancer metastasis. Filopodia have been given various names: microspikes, pseudopods, thin filopodia[16], thick filopodia[17], gliopodia[18], myopodia[19], invadopodia[20], podosomes[21], telopodes[22], tunneling nanotubes[23] and dendrites. The term cytoneme was coined to denote the presence of cytoplasm in their interior (cyto-) and their finger-like appearance (-neme), and to distinguish their role as signaling, rather than structural or force-generating, organelles.

Filopodia with behaviors suggestive of roles in sensing patterning information were first observed in sea urchin embryos[24], and subsequent characterizations support the idea that they convey patterning signals between cells[16][17]. The discovery of cytonemes in Drosophila imaginal discs[1] correlated for the first time the presence and behavior of filopodia with a known morphogen signaling protein (Decapentaplegic). Decapentaplegic is expressed in the wing disc by cells that function as a developmental organizer[25][26], and cytonemes that are responsive to Decapentaplegic orient toward this developmental organizer. Receptors for signaling proteins are present in motile vesicles in cytonemes[3], and receptors for different signaling proteins segregate specifically to different types of cytonemes[4]. In Drosophila, cytonemes have been found in wing and eye imaginal discs[3],[13][27], lymph glands[28] and ovaries[29]. They have also been described in spider embryos[30], earwig ovaries[31], earthworms[32], retroviral-infected cells[33], mast cells[34], B-lymphocytes[35] and neutrophils[36].

References

  1. ^ a b c d Ramirez-Weber FA and Kornberg TB (1999) "Cytonemes: cellular processes that project to the principal signaling center in Drosophila imaginal discs" Cell 97 (5): 599-607 PMID: 10367889.
  2. ^ Callejo A, Bilioni A, Mollica E, Gorfinkiel N, Andres G, Ibanez C, Torroja C, Doglio L, Sierra J, and Guerrero I (2011) "Dispatched mediates Hedgehog basolateral release to form the long-range morphogenetic gradient in the Drosophila wing disk epithelium" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 (31): 12591-8 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1106881108 PMID: 21690386.
  3. ^ a b c Hsiung F, Ramirez-Weber FA, Iwaki DD, and Kornberg TB (2005) "Dependence of Drosophila wing imaginal disc cytonemes on Decapentaplegic" Nature 437 (7058): 560-3 DOI: 10.1038/nature03951 PMID: 16177792.
  4. ^ a b Roy S, Hsiung F, and Kornberg TB (2011) "Specificity of Drosophila cytonemes for distinct signaling pathways" Science 332 (6027): 354-8 DOI: 10.1126/science.1198949 PMID: 21493861.
  5. ^ Bentley D and Toroian-Raymond A (1986) "Disoriented pathfinding by pioneer neurone growth cones deprived of filopodia by cytochalasin treatment" Nature 323 (6090): 712-5 DOI: 10.1038/323712a0 PMID: 3773996.
  6. ^ Yuste R and Bonhoeffer T (2004) "Genesis of dendritic spines: insights from ultrastructural and imaging studies" Nat Rev Neurosci 5 (1): 24-34 DOI: 10.1038/nrn1300 PMID: 14708001.
  7. ^ Raghunathan A, Sivakamasundari R, Wolenski J, Poddar R, and Weissman SM (2001) "Functional analysis of B144/LST1: a gene in the tumor necrosis factor cluster that induces formation of long filopodia in eukaryotic cells" Exp Cell Res 268 (2): 230-44 DOI: S0014-4827(01)95290-5 [pii] PMID: 11478849.
  8. ^ Kress H, Stelzer EH, Holzer D, Buss F, Griffiths G, and Rohrbach A (2007) "Filopodia act as phagocytic tentacles and pull with discrete steps and a load-dependent velocity" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (28): 11633-8 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702449104 PMID: 17620618.
  9. ^ Lehmann MJ, Sherer NM, Marks CB, Pypaert M, and Mothes W (2005) "Actin- and myosin-driven movement of viruses along filopodia precedes their entry into cells" J Cell Biol 170 (2): 317-25 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200503059 PMID: 16027225.
  10. ^ Crosson CE, Klyce SD, and Beuerman RW (1986) "Epithelial wound closure in the rabbit cornea. A biphasic process" Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 27 (4): 464-73 PMID: 3957565.
  11. ^ Jacinto A, Wood W, Balayo T, Turmaine M, Martinez-Arias A, and Martin P (2000) "Dynamic actin-based epithelial adhesion and cell matching during Drosophila dorsal closure" Curr Biol 10 (22): 1420-6 DOI: S0960-9822(00)00796-X [pii] PMID: 11102803.
  12. ^ Han YH, Chung CY, Wessels D, Stephens S, Titus MA, Soll DR, and Firtel RA (2002) "Requirement of a vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family member for cell adhesion, the formation of filopodia, and chemotaxis in dictyostelium" J Biol Chem 277 (51): 49877-87 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M209107200 PMID: 12388544.
  13. ^ a b Cohen M, Georgiou M, Stevenson NL, Miodownik M, and Baum B (2010) "Dynamic filopodia transmit intermittent Delta-Notch signaling to drive pattern refinement during lateral inhibition" Dev Cell 19 (1): 78-89 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.006 PMID: 20643352. Cite error: The named reference "cytoneme6" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  14. ^ Lawson ND and Weinstein BM (2002) "In vivo imaging of embryonic vascular development using transgenic zebrafish" Dev Biol 248 (2): 307-18 PMID: 12167406.
  15. ^ Vasioukhin V, Bauer C, Yin M, and Fuchs E (2000) "Directed actin polymerization is the driving force for epithelial cell-cell adhesion" Cell 100 (2): 209-19 DOI: S0092-8674(00)81559-7 [pii] PMID: 10660044.
  16. ^ a b Miller J, Fraser SE, and McClay D (1995) "Dynamics of thin filopodia during sea urchin gastrulation" Development 121 (8): 2501-2511.
  17. ^ a b McClay DR (1999) "The role of thin filopodia in motility and morphogenesis" Exp Cell Res 253 (2): 296-301 DOI: S0014-4827(99)94723-7 [pii] PMID: 10585250.
  18. ^ Vasenkova I, Luginbuhl D, and Chiba A (2006) "Gliopodia extend the range of direct glia-neuron communication during the CNS development in Drosophila" Mol Cell Neurosci 31 (1): 123-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.10.001 PMID: 16298140.
  19. ^ Ritzenthaler S, Suzuki E, and Chiba A (2000) "Postsynaptic filopodia in muscle cells interact with innervating motoneuron axons" Nat Neurosci 3 (10): 1012-7 PMID: 11017174.
  20. ^ Chen WT (1989) "Proteolytic activity of specialized surface protrusions formed at rosette contact sites of transformed cells" J Exp Zool 251 (2): 167-85 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402510206 PMID: 2549171.
  21. ^ Tarone G, Cirillo D, Giancotti FG, Comoglio PM, and Marchisio PC (1985) "Rous sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts adhere primarily at discrete protrusions of the ventral membrane called podosomes" Exp Cell Res 159 (1): 141-57 DOI: S0014-4827(85)80044-6 [pii] PMID: 2411576.
  22. ^ Popescu LM and Faussone-Pellegrini MS (2010) "TELOCYTES - a case of serendipity: the winding way from Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC), via Interstitial Cajal-Like Cells (ICLC) to TELOCYTES" J Cell Mol Med 14 (4): 729-40 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01059.x PMID: 20367664.
  23. ^ Rustom A, Saffrich R, Markovic I, Walther P, and Gerdes HH (2004) "Nanotubular highways for intercellular organelle transport" Science 303 (5660): 1007-10 PMID: 14963329.
  24. ^ Gustafson T and Wolpert L (1961) "Studies on the cellular basis of morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo. Gastrulation in vegetalized larvae" Experimental Cell Research 22: 437-449.
  25. ^ Posakony LG, Raftery LA, and Gelbart WM (1990) "Wing formation in Drosophila melanogaster requires decapentaplegic gene function along the anterior-posterior compartment boundary" Mech Dev 33 (1): 69-82 PMID: 2129012.
  26. ^ Tabata T, Schwartz C, Gustavson E, Ali Z, and Kornberg TB (1995) "Creating a Drosophila wing de novo, the role of engrailed, and the compartment border hypothesis" Development 121 (10): 3359-69.
  27. ^ Sato M and Kornberg TB (2002) "FGF is an essential mitogen and chemoattractant for the air sacs of the drosophila tracheal system" Dev Cell 3 (2): 195-207 PMID: 12194851.
  28. ^ Mandal L, Martinez-Agosto JA, Evans CJ, Hartenstein V, and Banerjee U (2007) "A Hedgehog- and Antennapedia-dependent niche maintains Drosophila haematopoietic precursors" Nature 446 (7133): 320-4 DOI: 10.1038/nature05585 PMID: 17361183.
  29. ^ Rojas-Rios P, Guerrero I, and Gonzalez-Reyes A (2012) "Cytoneme-mediated delivery of hedgehog regulates the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins to maintain germline stem cells in Drosophila" PLoS Biol 10 (4): e1001298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001298 PMID: 22509132.
  30. ^ Akiyama-Oda Y and Oda H (2003) "Early patterning of the spider embryo: a cluster of mesenchymal cells at the cumulus produces Dpp signals received by germ disc epithelial cells" Development 130 (9): 1735-47 PMID: 12642480.
  31. ^ Tworzydlo W, Kloc M, and Bilinski SM (2009) "Female germline stem cell niches of earwigs are structurally simple and different from those of Drosophila melanogaster" J Morphol 271 (5): 634-40 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10824 PMID: 20029934.
  32. ^ Kasschau MR, Ngo TD, Sperber LM, and Tran KL (2007) "Formation of filopodia in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) coelomocytes in response to osmotic stress" Zoology (Jena) 110 (1): 66-76 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2006.07.002 PMID: 17174079.
  33. ^ Sherer NM, Lehmann MJ, Jimenez-Soto LF, Horensavitz C, Pypaert M, and Mothes W (2007) "Retroviruses can establish filopodial bridges for efficient cell-to-cell transmission" Nat Cell Biol 9 (3): 310-5 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1544 PMID: 17293854.
  34. ^ Fifadara NH, Beer F, Ono S, and Ono SJ (2010) "Interaction between activated chemokine receptor 1 and FcepsilonRI at membrane rafts promotes communication and F-actin-rich cytoneme extensions between mast cells" Int Immunol 22 (2): 113-28 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp118 PMID: 20173038.
  35. ^ Gupta N and DeFranco AL (2003) "Visualizing lipid raft dynamics and early signaling events during antigen receptor-mediated B-lymphocyte activation" Mol Biol Cell 14 (2): 432-44 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.02-05-0078 PMID: 12589045.
  36. ^ Galkina SI, Molotkovsky JG, Ullrich V, and Sud'ina GF (2005) "Scanning electron microscopy study of neutrophil membrane tubulovesicular extensions (cytonemes) and their role in anchoring, aggregation and phagocytosis. The effect of nitric oxide" Exp Cell Res 304 (2): 620-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.12.005 PMID: 15748905.
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Fall 2019 Student Editor

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Hi all! I am a biology student at Northeastern University and for a Writing in the Sciences class we have been tasked with creating/editing a Wikipedia article of our choice - obviously Tunneling Nanotubes is the one I chose! My goal over the next two or so weeks will be to edit this article and to augment it using reliable, peer-reviewed sources. We have had some trainings regarding citations, formatting, etc., and I will follow Wikipedia's guidelines to the best of my ability; however, this is the first Wikipedia article I have edited, so I may not be perfect, and constructive guidance to that effect is appreciated. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to reach out. Thanks! WikiProjectforEnglish (talk) 18:41, 20 November 2019 (UTC)WikiProjectforEnglish[reply]

Wiki Education assignment: BYU-Biophysics, CELL 568

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 5 September 2023 and 14 December 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Smbiophysics (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Johnskad, AzulRover.

— Assignment last updated by Shal613 (talk) 16:37, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

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