Talk:Slime mold/GA1

GA Review

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Reviewer: Esculenta (talk · contribs) 21:49, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

I'll review this one. Comments coming this weekend. Esculenta (talk) 21:49, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Drive-by comment

• A section on habitats seems to be missing (e.g., are they all terrestrial, or are there aquatic species, too?). --Jens Lallensack (talk) 15:03, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
  • All terrestrial, at least I've never seen anything to the contrary. Chiswick Chap (talk) 15:09, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

    What about [1]? Apart from terrestrial/aquatic, I still feel that a general section on habitats is necessary. Jens Lallensack (talk) 15:18, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

    • OK I'll look at it. Chiswick Chap (talk) 15:26, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
      • Added habitat descriptions and refs per group. Chiswick Chap (talk) 09:51, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Initial comments

• Having had a look at some other sources, it seems to me that the article is currently missing quite a bit of encyclopaedic information, and does not meet criterion 3 (Broad in its coverage). Let me know if you agree and how you'd like to proceed. Esculenta (talk) 20:24, 19 November 2023 (UTC)
  • We'll work through the comments, obviously. A general remark however is that since the slime molds are not a clade but a general description, the usual sort of thing – chapter on habitat, chapter on distribution, etc – doesn't make a lot of sense as these things vary by group. Further, since older texts basically equate "Myxomycetes" (Myxogastria) with "slime molds", they aren't covering the slime molds as now understood, just one clade out of several.
    • I disagree entirely. If I'm reading an encyclopedia article about the topic "slime mold", I don't care whether the group is monophyletic or not, I expect to read about some generalizations about where "slime molds" grow, followed by more specific examples to illustrate the diversity of the "group". The sources I have in front of me don't seem to have a problem of devoting space to the topics of distribution and ecology (for example), applied to the paraphyletic lot of them, so I don't see why Wikipedia shouldn't do similar. Esculenta (talk) 22:41, 19 November 2023 (UTC)
    • I quite see the desire. I'll see what I can add that doesn't do violence to the updated facts.
    • Added section on Distribution, habitats, and ecology. More below.
• if van Tieghem described the Myxomycetes and the Acrasieae in 1880, how could Anton de Bary place these groups in Mycetozoa in 1859?
  • Edited.
• I think that the work of G.W. Martin should be mentioned (1932, 1960), who argued that slime molds were a derived group of fungi JSTOR 2471449, JSTOR 3756254. As a result of his influence several early textbooks included slime molds as part of the Fungi
  • Added.
• there seems to be a jump from 1885 (Lankester's contribution) to 1956 (Copeland’s classification) without mentioning any significant developments in between. How about Olive's separation of the dictyostelids and acrasids (Olive 1975, The Mycetozoans);
  • Added.
• the work of Patterson & Sogin (1992) that proposed that the dictyostelids diverged before plants, animals, and Fungi ("Eukaryote Origins and Protistan Diversity, pp. 13–46 in The Origin and Evolution of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells) and subsequent debate; taxonomic history ends in 1969. Has nothing interesting happened since then?
  • Added.
• please make it more explicit what the source is for the cladogram
  • Each slime mold group is placed, per the cited sources, in the tree of the Eukaryotes.
• For interest, might want to add that the record-holder for size (20 kg) is Brefeldia maxima (from Ing 1999, p. 4)
  • Added.
• the image of Physarum polycephalum is visually interesting, but I think this section would greatly benefit from have a life cycle image
  • Added image with life-cycle description.
• "forming labyrinthine networks of tubes in which amoeba without pseudopods can travel." here pseudopods links to pseudopodia, which should have been linked the sentence earlier
  • Fixed.
• "which have sluglike amoebae have eruptive pseudopodia" eh? and what are "eruptive pseudopodia"?
  • Fixed, and described.

Missing info (imo)

• how many slime molds are there, and how these numbers are divided into the various slime mold groups
  • This is, per my general comment above, basically adding apples and oranges. But we can say something for the main groups.
    • This book might be a good source for a total # of taxa. Esculenta (talk) 02:34, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
  • Added discussion of totals.
• no mention of phagocytosis?
  • Added.
• what was the first slime mold to have been discussed/described scientifically? Lycogala epidendrum by Pankow in 1654, says Introductory Mycology (4th ed.) p. 776
  • Added.
• no mention or use of Martin & Alexopolous's work "The Myxomycetes" (1969), which was a widely used and influential textbook
  • Added.
• no mention of how these things are studied, or the "moist culture chamber", introduced by Gilbert & Martin in 1933 (Myxomycetes found on the bark of living trees. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., 15: 3-8), which is now the standard apparatus used to grow these creatures. Also, check out this useful article. Esculenta (talk) 02:42, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
  • Added.
• there's no section that clearly describes/compares/contrasts the common morphological features of slime molds. Alexopolous says that four types of plasmodia are recognized (phaneroplasmodium, aphanoplasmodium, protoplasmodium, and a fourth type intermediate between phaneroplasmodia and aphanoplasmodia, found in the Trichiales). Apparently there's also four type of fruiting bodies (sporangia, aethelia, pseudoaethelia, plasmodiocarp). These should be described and explained. What are the parts of the fruiting body? (hypothallus, stalk, columella, pseudocolumella, peridium, capillitium, pseudocapillitium). Can we have a bit of text discussing the spores? How large are they in general? Colour? Are spore characteristics typically used as taxonomic characters? What about the spore-balls of Badhamia?
  • General point, again: this differs per group (Myxogastria is just one of the clades), and there's little we can say that will apply across all the slime mold clades. See the next item for the issue, which applies to many of the comments raised.
  • Specific point: we can certainly say something per (sub)group on reproduction, but we shouldn't go far into the intricate details of each group's reproductive parts. I can see there's a tendency to want to write the equation "Myxogastria = slime mold" and then go into detail from old textbooks, but the equation is wrong and would seriously unbalance this article.
    • Perhaps more like a "Comparative morphology" that describes and compares common morphological features of different slime mold groups. It would help present morphological terms used in later sections. Esculenta (talk) 01:37, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
    • Another way to think of it: a newbie interested reader reading the article in its current state would finish without even really learning what a "sporangium" is, despite it being the prominent and interesting fruiting structure in several of the images. Seems like that content (and similar) is missing.
      • Added. The newbie should clearly not be confronted with enormous Latinate terms like "pseudocapillitium", this is not a morphology textbook.
• There are several common lichen growth forms; are there similar growth forms that occur in this polyphyletic group? I see for example the dog vomit is sponge-like, Trichia varia is thick with tight berries, and at least one species has a sac-like sporangium. Esculenta (talk) 01:54, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
  • Well they're very diverse. The characteristic form of many species is the stalked sporangium.
• no section on distribution? One book I have (Myxomycetes A Handbook of Slime Molds (2000) has an entire chapter on this, and includes sections on snowbank species, high-latitude species, desert species, and taxa associated with various microhabitats, like bark, forest litter, dung, and soil.
  • Added.
• another chapter in this book discusses slime mold ecology, which seems to be only sparingly referred to in this article. Topics include trophic stages, substrate relationships, fruiting season, insect associates, slime mold-eating fungi, relationships with bryophytes, etc.
  • Added some. Overall the article has grown by some 60% now.

More comments

• the plasmodial strand speed record is held by Physarum polycephalum, not Fuligo septica as implied by the positioning of the text.
  • Added.

• there's repetitive information in the "Cellular slime molds" and "Chemical signals" subsections
  • Edited.

• should be mentioned that cyclic AMP is a common cell signalling compound found in all types of life forms (reader currently might otherwise get the impression it's a unique compound discovered in slime molds)
  • Glossed.

• "An amino group (NH3) and a carboxyl group (COOH) of the glutamic acid are blocked respectively by a propionyl group and an ethyl ester. An amino group on the ornithine molecule is blocked by a lactam ring." This is material I don't think needs to be in this article; it's highly niche, and the ultimate physiological effect of the chemical blocking described isn't mentioned.
  • Removed.

• What I think would be more interesting is a sentence or two about the diversity of acrasins. Only two are mentioned in this article; how many are known?
  • Added. Answer is not many; most remain unknown as of 2023.

• I think this subsection should discuss chemotaxis somewhere (unusual that this article does not mention this word)
  • Added. I've been trying hard not to fill the article with polysyllabic Greek-based Latinates, of which there are plenty in this field.

• as a small addition to "Chemical signals", it could be mentioned that "slime moulds release calcium while foraging and that calcium is attractive to other slime moulds" (as least regarding Physarum polycephalum), and that acellular slime molds release "stress" compounds that allow conspecifics to avoid the same area.doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0470
  • Added a sentence.

• check out "slime mold algorithm" on Google Scholar – I think the attempted algorithmic application of slime mold behavior to try to solve real-world problems could be an interesting addition
  • Added.

• are any slime molds used as model organisms?
  • Added.

• do they have any direct relevance or applications in human contexts, such as biotechnology? Slime mold spores as allergens? doi:10.1016/j.anai.2013.08.007 As a source for the cosmetics industry? doi:10.3390/cosmetics10010003 This last source also helpfully tells us "The great biodiversity of slime molds, with more than 900 species currently recognized...".
  • Added several.

• image captions with just a linked species name are pretty bare-minimum; could be used in some instances to show their interesting common names, or reinforce a fact or term used in the article?
  • Added some, but the images' prime purpose is to show the group's diversity.

• is there any slime mold that's been assessed by the IUCN, or have any appeared on a regional redlist?
  • I found this but not evidence of listing.

• any examples of cultural use of slime mold as food? yes!
  • Added.

• coprophilous slime molds are a thing (e.g., genus Copromyxa) and should be mentioned in "Diversity and habitats" doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.09.003
  • Added.

• slime mold beetles are also a thing and I would like to learn what they are from this article please.
  • Added.

• There's not a lot about spore dispersal, other than the mention that some spores are lifted into the air by a stalk. Much more interesting story could be told here. Like how the peridium or cortex dries out in the sun and cracks or disintegrates to release the spores inside; like how some slime molds with bigger fruiting structures (Fuligo, Mucilago, Tubifera) can release spores when water falls on them; Licea has a splash-cup mechanism; Lycogala works like a fungal puffball; some (Metatrichia vesparia, check out the interesting pic at Metatrichia (protist)) have an an elastic capillitium which ejects spores by erupting from the peridium when it ruptures from drying; some Trichia-like slimes launch spores using elaters, specialized tubular element of the capillitium whose microscopic spiral structure causes it to repeatedly and suddenly jerk as it dries; all kinds of invertebrate dispersal; some leiodid beetles have special cavities in their mandibles that collect and release spores as they move around, etc.
  • Added some.

• any interesting secondary compounds identified in slime molds? doi:10.1351/pac198961030281 doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.02.017

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers/366/ here

• • Added.

• use of slime molds in research and teaching here
  • Added.

Impressive work! I think the article broadly satisfies criterion 3 now. Will have a fresh read and get back later with more comments. Esculenta (talk) 18:49, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Many thanks! Chiswick Chap (talk) 19:05, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Apologies – have been unexpectedly busy of late. Will return for round 2 and wrap up review this weekend. Esculenta (talk) 20:54, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

Even more comments

OK, we're close to wrapping this up!

• the lead needs some expanding to cover the new prose additions
  • Added.

• Images: all are appropriately licensed, but the following is a bit concerning:

• File:1n+2nLC.gif looks suspiciously like a scan of a diagram from a textbook (if you look closeup at the hatching, it's clear it's been copied from elsewhere) and claimed as "own work" by a redlinked user, with no source given for the original. Not sure how far we can "AGF" here. Might there be a different life cycle diagram with more clear provenance?

• Replaced image.

• " George Willard Martin argued that the slime molds were a derived group of fungi." can we more simply say "argued that the slime molds evolved from fungi."?
  • Done.

• "In 1969, the taxonomist R. H. Whittaker stated that the "slime molds stick out like a sore thumb" from the rest of the Fungi, to which they were at that time attached, and agreed to Lindsay S. Olive's reassignment of the Gymnomycota to the Protista." not sure if it's a good idea to quote a euphemism that non-native English readers might struggle to understand; how about "In 1969, taxonomist R. H. Whittaker observed that slime molds were highly conspicuous and distinct within the Fungi, the group to which they were then classified. He concurred with Lindsay S. Olive's proposal to reclassify the Gymnomycota, which includes slime molds, as part of the Protista."
  • Done.

• how about adding these links: David Joseph Patterson, phylogenetic tree, environmental DNA, epiphyllous, cosmopolitan distribution, mating type, diploid (linked in caption, not in text), inbreeding, macrocyst, Constantine John Alexopoulos, immortalised cell line, culture, allele, nodes, Tokyo's rail system
  • Linked.

• is it Didymium aquatile or aquatilis (given in the genus article)?
  • Fixed.

• "Other P. polycephalum may contain different" -> "Other individuals of P. polycephalum"
  • Fixed.

• there's some duplicative info about acrasins/cAMP in the "Cellular slime molds" and "Chemical signals" subsections
  • Fixed.

• the citation police have unfortunately decided that the journal Food Science & Nutrition is unsuitable for use here; maybe this could be used as a partial replacement? If you can read Spanish (or plug into a translator), it seems to have a lot of other interesting ethnomycological information about uses of slime molds.
  • Aaargh, a serious and good paper gone west. Added something from the Spanish paper, feel free to add a bit more if you're in the mood for that.

• I made some copyedits myself, but won't feel bad if you disagree with them and revert. Esculenta (talk) 18:33, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
  • Many thanks. Chiswick Chap (talk) 20:02, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

I have reviewed the GA criteria and believe that this article meets those criteria. Thanks for your efforts in improving this highly-viewed, vital article! Esculenta (talk) 22:01, 4 December 2023 (UTC)