Talk:Livonian campaign to Novgorod

Name

@Nederlandse Leeuw, are you sure that the new name is better? I understand that there is one Estonian historian who thinks the Order didn't try to conquer all Rus', but we should use the common name and I haven't seen this name in scholarly sources. Alaexis_¿question? 21:42, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

There isn't a common name in scholarly sources. I looked for one, but there is none (at least not in English-language ones). So it just comes down to an accurate description of the event, and then it is clear that this is about a border skirmish with the Novgorod Republic only, not Rus', whatever that is supposed to mean. By analogy with Danish campaigns to Novgorod, this name follows WP:TITLECON. NLeeuw (talk) 21:50, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

Well, there are sources that say that the attack targeted "the Orthodox Rus" (Janet Yellen, Medieval Russia, p. 180) but I guess that there is no dominant name in the English-language sources.

Anyway, the article clearly requires some work, so it doesn't make sense to argue about the title. Alaexis_¿question? 22:37, 4 November 2024 (UTC)

I agree. I made some initial attempts by adding more sources and verifiable information. A lot of the current text could be WP:OR or WP:SYNTH, by combining individual events into a 'campaign', which might or might not have been as coordinated as the text currently suggests. Selart appears to be one of the experts on the topic, although unfortunately much of his writings is behind really expensive paywalls. I'm not gonna pay €38.15 for 43 pages, even though this chapter might be the best WP:RS for this article. NLeeuw (talk) 15:38, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

I might be able to access it. There are also some Russian-language sources about this campaign which are reliable if somewhat biased (Selart could be biased too, of course). Alaexis_¿question? 22:10, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

That could be valuable. NLeeuw (talk) 22:45, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

I'm starting to think that this article might be merged with Battle on the Ice. It's focussed on that, and all other events surrounding it do not necessarily appear to be a coordinated campaign by the Livonian Order, but rather a series of skirmishes involving ever-changing alliances. I don't think the Danish campaigns to Novgorod are necessary "part of" a "Livonian campaign to Novgorod" that lasted all the way from 1240 to 1242.

What happened in 1240 involving the Livonian Order and the Novgorod Republic? I don't see anything. The Battle of the Neva was a Swedish affair, also involving Finns, Tavastians, and Norwegians, but.... no Livonians. The Battle of the Neva was part of the Swedish–Novgorodian Wars, sure, but not of Livonian conflicts with Novgorod.

The Danish campaigns to Novgorod did involve Livonians, but those happened in Winter–August 1241, not earlier. Associating the Battle of the Neva of 1240 with the Danish 1241 campaigns and the Livonian 1242 campaign is just WP:SYNTH. It may all seem the same from the Novgorodian perspective, as Alexander "Nevsky" Yaroslavich is the supposedly heroic protagonist against the "Western" "Catholic" "crusaders" in both events, but it's not against the same belligerent(s). We shouldn't lump them all together unless WP:RS do. And the more recent RS including Selart and other scholars who refer to him reject the idea that we can lump them all together. NLeeuw (talk) 23:01, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

Sources

How reliable is History of military art, originally published in 1955–1961, by Soviet general and professor of military history Yevgeniy Andreevich Razin (ru:Разин, Евгений Андреевич)? It seems quite ideologically coloured. E.g. In this difficult time, the "crusader scum", as Marx called the feudal lords of the West, decided to seize the rich Novgorodian lands, Novgorod itself and its suburbs, first of all the old Rus' city of Pskov. German and Swedish feudal lords were already taking over all the Baltic lands, destroying the native population, and turning the remaining inhabitants into slaves. I think it has a lot of WP:POV issues, and considering the date of publication, WP:AGEMATTERS. The best action seems to remove it from the external links for now, as it does little for reliable information on what happened in these years. NLeeuw (talk) 16:11, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

Similarly, I think МЕЖ ДВУХ ЗОЛ Исторический выбор Александра Невского (BETWEEN TWO EVILS : The historical choice of Alexander Nevsky) is not a reliable source, but has serious WP:POV issues. The author Alexander Uzhankov repeatedly proclaims his Orthodox Christian faith as the only right one, glorifying Alexander Nevsky in many statements, including the last: By the way, the older I get, the more I honour my heavenly patron, the holy faithful prince Alexander Nevsky. The article is hosted on pravoslavie.ru, the semi-official website of the Russian Orthodox Church. I've seen Uzhankov's piece elsewhere on enwiki where I noted the same problems. I'm going to remove it for now. NLeeuw (talk) 16:19, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

I agree, these are not high-quality sources. Alaexis_¿question? 22:10, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

Peace treaty

It is remarkable how in this and related articles, claims are made about how "the Germans" or "the crusaders" gave up on their territorial claims to "(Northern) Russia" [sic] or "Rus'" by peace treaty. No such treaty is mentioned in the LRC. But there is a brief mention of a peace negotiation in the NPL, and it goes like this (Michell & Forbes 1914, p. 87): The same year the Nemtsy sent with greeting, in the absence of the Knyaz: “ The land of the Vod people, of Luga, Pleskov, and Lotygola, which we invaded with the sword, from all this we withdraw, and those of your men whom we have taken we will exchange, we will let go yours, and you let go ours.” And they let go the Pleskov hostages, and made peace. There could be a written text underlining this verbal agreement, but it is not mentioned explicitly. Moreover, the Nemtsy envoys (diplomats from the Livonian Order) just offered that they would withdraw all troops they had currently stationed in contested areas.

Interestingly, knyaz Alexander "Nevsky" Yaroslavich was apparently absent, and thus presumably not party to any treaty which might have been signed between the Nemtsy and the Novgorodians. The following line just says that his father went to Batu Khan: The same year Knyaz Yaroslav Vsevolodich [was] summoned by the Tartar Tsar Baty, [and] went to him to the Horde. (Not clear whether Alexander travelled along with him, although he would personally submit himself to Batu in 1252.)

Therefore, it is quite a stretch to interpret this to mean,

• as the Territorial changes parameter in the infobox claims: Peace with Prince Alexander Nevsky, waiver of claims to present day Northern Russia.
• or, as the infobox in Battle on the Ice claims: Teutonic Order drops all territorial claims over Russian lands.

Well, not really. First, the knyaz was absent, so there was no peace (treaty) with Prince Alexander Nevsky according to the NPL. Second, there is no consensus on what the Russian North (Русский Север) even is, but even if we take a very broad definition like the Northern Economic Region, the Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Leningrad Oblast (including Ingria, Luga, Leningrad Oblast etc.) are not part of it. Lotygola = Latgale, part of Latvia, outside of present-day Russia entirely. And however broad you may define Russian lands, these were by and large areas inhabited by non-Slavic, non-Rus' peoples, but instead Finnic and Baltic peoples. Finally, it was not the Teutonic Order per se, but the Livonian Order (recently formed out of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword).

I don't know if anyone else has good sources on any peace treaty, but all I see is this very stretched WP:SYNTH interpretation of a verbal agreement in the NPL in which POWs were exchanged, Livonian troops were withdrawn, and Alexander was absent. NLeeuw (talk) 17:38, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

I was being bold and changed it to Withdrawal of Livonian forces from the Novgorodian lands. Maybe it's not perfect but I think it doesn't suffer from most of the issues that you've mentioned. Alaexis_¿question? 22:17, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

Sounds good to me, certainly better than what it was. Thank you. NLeeuw (talk) 22:46, 5 November 2024 (UTC)