Talk:History of hypnosis

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Michellewittwer.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:37, 16 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

citations

this page is already under scrutiny by the nature of the subject matter. It needs more citations to legitimize it.

Readibility

This article reads more like a list of notable contributors to hypnotism rather than a history. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.161.89.34 (talk) 02:55, 27 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I added the link to Magic, Mesmerism, Hypnotism, Etc., Etc., Historically and Physiologically Considered. By James Braid, of Manchester, M.R.C.S.E. Published in the Medical Times, a journal of the English and Foreign Medicine, Eleventh Volume October 5, 1844 to March 29, 1845.

It should be above and Im not a wiki person so not sure how to add this to the references. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Drryanwilliams (talk • contribs) 16:58, 13 May 2010 (UTC)[reply]

My Article

I am a practicing Clinical Hypnotherapist and have decided to ad an article I wrote a few years ago. I hope it will be of help to anyone exploring the origins of hypnosis. Afetr reading what is already here I thought this article might be an easier read.

The use of hypnosis as a therapeutic tool is as old as man himself. As far as can be traced back through time, we can find records of hypnosis being used to heal and to make change. Hypnosis has been used under many different names down through the centuries and the use of hypnosis for healing can be traced back to around 3000 BC in Egypt. Both the new and old testaments of the Bible speak of what could be deemed to be hypnosis, and the ancient Greeks and Romans had sleep temples where those seeking healing would be put into a trance like sleep. Their dreams, would be interpreted by the priests. By rhythmic drumming and monotonous chanting together with eye fixation, the Shaman of today can still produce catalepsy of the body and this helps to give the shaman the appearance of having magical powers just as they have done for centuries. Much of what has been done in the past by the village witchdoctor, shaman or wise woman, can be attributed to the fostering of a strong belief, conviction, expectation and imagination in the one being healed, and the chanting and singing often takes the form of what we would term as suggestion. After all, if the most powerful and magic person you know tells you will become well, you are very likely to do just that. Of course in many cases where such an individual administered to a sick person they would have recovered eventually anyway and this intervention just speeded up the healing process. It has long been believed by many healers that body, thoughts and emotions can influence one another. Therefore it is possible to influence a physical sickness by working on and realizing particular emotions and by changing thoughts and behavioural patterns. The Romans said ‘MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO’, healthy mind in healthy body. This saying seems to confirm that for many centuries it has been believed that physical and emotional well-being have an effect on one another. To put this in perspective, only has to consider how our health declines after periods of stress or as a consequence of radical events.

The division between body and mind in medicine is something that only took place around 1750, with the scientific developments from Newton. Since then the mind and spirit have been considered to be under the jurisdiction of the church and the body under the jurisdiction of science. This is also the reason why all other kinds of medicine see the human being as a whole consisting of body, mind and soul. Traumatic experiences are not only stored on an emotional level but also on the physical level. The emotional charge of the different traumas can influence our immune system and health conditions. Through processing old traumas and the emotional charges that are connected to a certain sickness it is possible to find resources inside of us that could help us start the healing process.

Modern hypnosis began with Anton Mesmer (1734 – 1815) in the 18th Century. Mesmer was a medical graduate from the famed medical school of Vienna and after studying as a Jesuit priest, he became interested in magnetism. Mesmer became Europe’s foremost expert at magnetic healing, where magnets where passed over the body to effect a healing. His results where fabulous and so he became very famous. Mesmer believed all living things contained a kind of magnetic ‘fluid’ and if a person had enough of this fluid, they would be healthy. This is where the term ‘Animal Magnetism’ comes from. Mesmer forgot his magnets one day and so just made passes over the patient with his hands and was surprised to find that they got better. From there on, he thought he had sufficient magnetic fluid in himself top effect the cures.

James Braid (1795-1860) coined the terms ‘hypnotism’ and ‘hypnosis', in 1843. He was a Scottish surgeon working in Manchester. He found that some people could go into a trance if there eyes where fixated on a bright object like a pocket watch for instance. He believed that a neurological process was involved and that the process could be very useful when no organic origin could be found for a persons disorder.

James Esdaile (1808-1859) another Scottish surgeon working in India would use ey fixation to prepare a patient for surgery and slow sweeping motions, putting them into a deep hypnotic sleep, causing full amnesia throughout the body.

James Braid and James Esdaile where among the first who could be called ‘scientific’ in their research and use of hypnosis. These pioneers removed hypnosis from the realms of ‘mysticism’, and started experimenting with what could really be done with it to help people with their disorders. Other scientific pioneers include, Liebeault, Bernheim, Brewer and Freud.

Amongst those individuals who have been fundamental to the current view of hypnosis are: Milton Erikson, Ormond McGill, Charles Tebbetts and Dave Elman.

Ormond McGill was, it is true a stage hypnotist, but he preserved the public interest in hypnosis, but then the great Charles Tebbetts was involved in stage hypnosis in the early part of his career, but these where different times to those we live in today and the stage hypnosis would prove to engender a desire to know more about this curious art and therefore bring many of the people who moved the therapeutic use of hypnotherapy forward through the last (20th) century.

Dave Elman brought some measure of acceptance to hypnosis from the medical profession in the USA when the Council on Medical health of the American Medical Association accepted the use of hypnotherapy in 1958.

Probably the most important contributor to the acceptance of hypnotherapy as both an art and a science, was the grandfather of hypnotherapy – Dr Milton Erikson. Dr Erikson was a psychiatrist and hypnotherapist with outstanding professional credentials and because of his solid medical background he had credibility within the medical profession. Other people worthy of note for their contribution to the advancement of hypnotherapy as a healing art and as a science in the 20th century are: Rosen, Abramson, Menninger, Shenek, Magonet, Wolberg, LeCron, Bordeaux, Wetzenhoffer, Erwin and Simonton, who continues to do amazing things with cancer patients using mental imagery and focusing on beliefs and belief systems amongst other things.

Hypnotherapy continues to help with many of life's problems into the 21st century.

Mesmer1 (talk) 12:49, 28 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

The "Further Reading" link

On 16 January 2013, I was officially informed that the University of New South Wales had approved my admission to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

My research, undertaken in the domain of History and Philosophy of Science, was overseen by two experienced (Ph.D.) supervisors who also made sure that my dissertation and its contents met all of the scholarly requirements of the University of New South Wales.

The dissertation, James Braid: Surgeon, Gentleman Scientist, and Hypnotist, was externally examined by two eminent U.S. scholars.

Its abstract can be seen at User:Dr_Lindsay_B_Yeates.

An electronic copy of my dissertation has been lodged in the University of New South Wales’ Library’s repository, and its entire contents are freely available to all at: [1].

Whilst it might seem that the insertion of such a link by the dissertation’s author raises the issue of a potential conflict of interest (see WP:COI), I would strongly argue that, given the extensive historical and bibliographic resources in relation to the the early development of hypnotism — and the various controversies involving Lafontaine, M’Neile (and others) with Braid — that this external link will provide for other editors (in particular, a number of important contemporaneous M’Neile, Lafontaine, and Braid resources that have been transcribed, corrected and annotated for the modern reader), I believe that these concerns are unfounded; and I hope that the potential provision of the linkage will be understood as being consistent with the policies relating to the provision of reliable sources (WP:IRS) in general, and reliable historical sources in particular (WP:HISTRS).Dr Lindsay B Yeates (talk) 06:19, 19 June 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Congratulations on your PhD. Since you linked WP:COI, you're aware that you shouldn't be adding the link to articles but rather just discussing it on the relevant talk pages. --Ronz (talk) 00:02, 20 June 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Sleep temples

Attributing 'hypnosis as a tool for health' seems like a fringe-statement. It was introduced in the very first version of this page at 24 december 2005. In that version, it was a quote, attributed to Will Durant's and his Story of Civilisation, Volume 1: Our Oriental Heritage:

"Hypnotism as therapy seems to have originated among the Hindus, who often took their sick to the temples to be cured by hypnotic suggestion or 'temple-sleep,' as in Egypt and Greece. The Englishmen who introduced hypnotherapy into England —Braid, Esdaile and Elliotson—'undoubtedly got their ideas, and some of their experience, from contact with India."

Duant does give two notes for this, but unfortunately, I'm unable to check them.

Shifu Nagaboshi Tomio (1994), The Bodhisattva Warriors: The Origin, Inner Philosophy, History and Symbolism of the Buddhist Martial Art Within India and China, p.398, gives further information on "temple sleep," a practice of staying at night at temple for meditational self-observance and communication with the gods, called Nidra in India.

The section was edited by a user who's banned at 20 november 2014, adding a new reference, namely Lionel; Patricia Fanthorpe (2008). Mysteries and Secrets of Voodoo, Santeria, and Obeah. Dundurn. p. 107.. This author does not give a reference for her information; I guess it was either Durant or Wikipedia. Fanthorpe writes:

""the ancient Sanskrit Law of Manu recognized different levels of hypnotically induced sleep in India millennia ago. Differences between ecstacy-sleep, dream-sleep, and waking sleep were noted even in those early days."

It sounds like she's grossly misunderstood Avasthåtraya, the Three states of consciousness, namely the waking state, the dream state and the deep sleep state.
Given the non-scholarly nature of her book, and the lack of citations, I will removed this piece of "info." Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 15:02, 25 August 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Intro needed: what is hypnosis?

It would be good to have a very short intro on hypnosis, to make clear that it consists of two components: a trance-like state, and suggestibility. Joshua Jonathan -Let's talk! 15:07, 25 August 2015 (UTC)[reply]