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Good work! I didn't see it myself until now: the history is as follows:
until 1752 the Austrian possessions in Vorarlberg were administered by the government of the county of Tyrol, but in each possession either a semi-autonomous vassal, Habsburg bailiff, bishop or abbot or city council ruled.
1782 to 1804 the possessions in Vorarlberg were administered by the Gubernium Innsbruck (a kind of prefect - also responsible for administration of the county of Tyrol, which in addition had its own government the Landesausschuss with wide administrative rights)
1805 to 1814 ruled directly from Munich as part of Bavaria
1815 to 1849 Vorarlberg (the Bavarians had stripped the many vassals, bailiffs, cities and bishoprics of their rights and created a unified government) was again administered by the Gubernium Innsbruck, but locally by the Vorarlberg diet.
1849 Vorarlberg and Tyrol were unified and governed by the government of the county of Tyrol and Vorarlberg from Innsbruck (the diet of Vorarlberg was merged into the diet of Tyrol)
in 1850 the powers of the diet was massively reduced and the Gubernium renamed Statthalterei, which governed the county of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. The old local government the Landesausschuss was sidelined
1861 the diets were separated again and Vorarlberg was ruled from Bregenz, but the higher administration was still in Innsbruck and continued to have total control of all but some aspects of goverment rule
1918 Vorarlberg declared itself an state (note: not a Bundesland (=part of a federation of states) but a Staat (=a real State) - a difference, which distinguishes Vorarlberg from all other Austrian states to this day) of Austria and tried to join Switzerland (Annexation referendum on May 11th, 1919 - Yes: over 80%), but Vienna sabotaged the annexation
1938 Vorarlberg is again united with Tyrol in the Gau Tirol-Vorarlberg by the Nazi government (without East Tyrol which was united with Carinthia)
1945 to 1955 Vorarlberg was governed by the French Army
since 1955 Vorarlberg is what it is today: a „selbständiger Staat“ (independent state) within the state of Austria.