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In the meantime, Aurobindo and Bipin Chandra Pal, a Bengali politician, began in 1907 the radical Bengali nationalist publication of Jugantar (Lit:Change) and its English counterpart Bande Mataram.[1]
In contrast, Shukla Sanyal writes that Jugantar was founded a year earlier by three entirely different revolutionaries:
The revolutionary newspaper par excellence was the Jugantar, which was founded in March 1906 by Barindra Kumar Ghose, Abinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt as a political weekly in the Bengali language. The Jugantar newspaper served as the propaganda vehicle for a loose congregation of revolutionaries ... who drew inspiration from the charismatic personality of Aurobindo Ghose. When the Jugantarpatrika (newspaper) was founded in 1906, there were other radical Bengali language newspapers already in existence, like Bipin Chandra Pal's Swadhin Bharat ... But it was the Jugantar, which most consistently propagated the revolutionary ideology and became the standard by which to measure the seditious nature of other publications.[2]
^Sanyal, Shukla (2014). Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial Bengal. Delhi: Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN978-1-107-06546-8.
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