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Saint Andrews, New Brunswick

Coordinates: 45°04′26″N 67°03′08″W / 45.07399°N 67.05209°W / 45.07399; -67.05209
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This article is about the town. For the geographic parish and rural census subdivision, see Saint Andrews Parish, New Brunswick.

Saint Andrews
Town
Historic town centre
Historic town centre
Nickname: 
Saint Andrews By-the-Sea
Saint Andrews is located in New Brunswick
Saint Andrews
Saint Andrews
Coordinates: 45°04′26″N 67°03′08″W / 45.07399°N 67.05209°W / 45.07399; -67.05209
CountryCanada
ProvinceNew Brunswick
CountyCharlotte
Settled1783
Incorporated1903
Named forSaint Andrew's Day
Government
 • TypeNew Brunswick Municipality
 • MayorBrad Henderson
 • Deputy MayorKate Akagi
 • CouncillorsKurt Gumushel, Steve Neil, Marc Blanchard, James Hirtle, Lee Heenan
 • CAOChris Spear
Area
[1]
 • Land8.35 km2 (3.22 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total2,048
 • Density245.3/km2 (635/sq mi)
 • Change (2016–21)
Increase 14.7%
Time zoneUTC-4 (Atlantic (AST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (ADT)
Canadian Postal code
E5B
Area code506
Telephone Exchange529
NTS Map21G3 St. Stephen
GNBC CodeDAEBC
Websitetownofstandrews.ca

Saint Andrews is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada, bearing many characteristics of a typical 18th century British colonial settlement, including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture.[2]

Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews,[3] and appears as such on the town's website;[4] St. Andrews by-the-Sea is a brand used for tourism purposes by the local Chamber of Commerce.

On 1 January 2023, Saint Andrews annexed the local service district of Bayside and Chamcook.[5] Revised census information has not yet been released.

History

[edit]

The site of the town was named Qunnnoskwamk'ook, meaning long gravel bar in the Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. The present name was given by a French missionary who landed at the site on Saint Andrew's Day.[6] At the eastern end the town is a midden, a pile of shells and other refuse that accumulated over 2,000 years due to year-round activity of the Passamaquoddy. Today it is a provincial heritage site.[7]

The site was settled in 1783 by Penobscot Loyalists.[8] The town's street grid was designed by Charles Morris and was laid out at that time and persists today.[2] Except for the shoreline Water Street, the names of streets have royal or colonial associations: (Parr Street, Carleton Street and Montague Street are all named after governors. These streets cross thirteen named after the children of King George III.).[9] Also typical of British colonial settlement of the time are the town's defensive sites, public spaces, and delineation.[2]

The St. Andrews Blockhouse was built during the War of 1812 and is now a national historic site.[10]

Between 1820 and 1860, the port of Saint Andrews welcomed Irish immigrants. They were first quarantined at Hospital Island, in Passamaquoddy Bay. At the 1851 census, more than 50% of the town's population had been born in Ireland.[11]

The Pendlebury Lighthouse, also known as the St. Andrews North Point Lighthouse, was built in 1833 at the tip of the peninsula.[12] Deactivated in 1938, it has since been restored and registered as a Canadian historic place.

In 1840, the Charlotte County Court House was built, and was used continually until 2016.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, St. Andrews became a seaside resort for people from Montreal and Boston who were seeking to escape the summer heat.[9] The town's first seaside hotel, the Argyll, opened in 1881.[13] It was followed in 1889 by The Algonquin, a resort on a hill overlooking the town, which became Canada's first seaside resort.[14] The Argyll burned down in 1892 and was never rebuilt while the Algonquin burned in 1914 and was rebuilt one year later. The lifestyle of wealthy summer visitors is commemorated at the Ross Memorial Museum.[15]

A federal marine research facility, the St. Andrews Biological Station, was established in 1908[9] and the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in 1969.[16]

The town was designated a national historic site in 1998.

Historical population of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick
Year190119111921193119411951196119811986199119962001200620112016
Population10649871065120711671458153117601612165217521869179818891786

Geography

[edit]
St. Andrews Harbour at low tide.

Saint Andrews is at the southern tip of a peninsula, extending into Passamaquoddy Bay. The waterfront faces Saint Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island. The harbour is at the mouth of the St. Croix River.

The town is directly opposite the community of Robbinston, Maine, two kilometres to the west across the river mouth, and 53 km by road.

Ministers Island is east of the town and is accessible by road at low tide only.[17]

St. Andrews
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
109
 
 
−2
−11
 
 
91
 
 
−1
−11
 
 
90
 
 
3
−5
 
 
90
 
 
9
0
 
 
97
 
 
15
5
 
 
84
 
 
20
9
 
 
77
 
 
23
12
 
 
83
 
 
23
12
 
 
97
 
 
19
9
 
 
104
 
 
13
4
 
 
127
 
 
7
0
 
 
121
 
 
0
−8
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: climate-data.org
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
4.3
 
 
28
12
 
 
3.6
 
 
30
12
 
 
3.5
 
 
37
23
 
 
3.5
 
 
48
32
 
 
3.8
 
 
59
41
 
 
3.3
 
 
68
48
 
 
3
 
 
73
54
 
 
3.3
 
 
73
54
 
 
3.8
 
 
66
48
 
 
4.1
 
 
55
39
 
 
5
 
 
45
32
 
 
4.8
 
 
32
18
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint Andrews had a population of 2,048 living in 921 of its 1,096 total private dwellings, a change of 14.7% from its 2016 population of 1,786. With a land area of 8.35 km2 (3.22 sq mi), it had a population density of 245.3/km2 (635.2/sq mi) in 2021.[1]

Transportation

[edit]

Despite its proximity to the Canada–United States border, the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island, both in New Brunswick.

The only way into or out of Saint Andrews by land is via Route 127, which runs directly through the town. It meets Route 1 on either end of the town.

Media

[edit]

A local community channel, CHCO-TV, serves the Saint Andrews and Charlotte County area. The station launched in 1993 on cable television, and began broadcasting over the air in 2006.

Education

[edit]
[edit]
  • Ross Museum
    Ross Museum
  • All Saints Anglican Church is the oldest established church in town proper limits.
    All Saints Anglican Church is the oldest established church in town proper limits.
  • Sheriff Andrews House, a museum
    Sheriff Andrews House, a museum
  • Saint Andrews features many outdoor murals
    Saint Andrews features many outdoor murals
  • The original St. Andrews Lighthouse
    The original St. Andrews Lighthouse
  • The original Algonquin Hotel
    The original Algonquin Hotel

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Census Profile of Saint Andrews, Town (TV)". Statistics Canada. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "St. Andrews Historic District National Historic Site of Canada". www.pc.gc.ca. Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  3. ^ "New Brunswick Regulation 85-6 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 85-45)". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  4. ^ "Town of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick". Big Bright Sun Communications. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  5. ^ "Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act". Government of New Brunswick. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  6. ^ "St. Andrews". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  7. ^ "Pagan Point". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  8. ^ Siebert, Wilbur (1914). "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". archives.gnb.ca. The Ohio State University. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b c "Our Heritage". St. Andrews by-the-Sea. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  10. ^ Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (1 June 2020). "St. Andrews Blockhouse National Historic Site". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  11. ^ Irish Canadian Cultural Association of New Brunswick Archived 2009-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Pendlebury Lighthouse". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  13. ^ David Sullivan, Argyll Hotel, Old New Brunswick, Accessed August 23, 2016
  14. ^ "Heritage, Arts & Culture". Town of Saint Andrews. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  15. ^ "Ross Memorial Museum". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  16. ^ "Huntsman Marine Science Centre". Huntsman Marine Science Centre. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  17. ^ "The Van Horne Estate on Ministers Island, Crossing Tides & Time, A Unique Canadian Maritime Coastal Experience, St Andrews by the sea, New Brunswick, Canada". ministersisland.net. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  18. ^ NBCC St. Andrews, Campus of New Brunswick Community College.
  19. ^ Schools in Anglophone South School District
[edit]
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