South Fox Island Light

South Fox Island Light
	South Fox Island Light showing old tower on left and new tower on right (USCG)
Location	South Fox Island, Michigan
Coordinates	45°22′43″N 85°50′14″W / 45.3785°N 85.8371°W
Tower
Constructed	1867
Foundation	Stone (first tower); concrete (second tower)
Construction	Brick (first tower); iron (second tower)
Automated	1958
Height	39 feet (12 m) (first tower); 60 feet (18 m) (second tower)
Shape	Square tower attached to house (first tower); pyramidal skeleton tower (second tower)
Heritage	National Register of Historic Places listed place
Light
First lit	1867 (first tower); 1934 (second tower)
Deactivated	1969
Focal height	68 feet (21 m) (first tower); 89 feet (27 m) (second tower)
Lens	fourth-order Fresnel lens
	South Fox Island Light Station
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Nearest city	Northport, Michigan
Area	10.4 acres
Built by	Lou Comfort, Charles Tilley
NRHP reference No.	100006861
Added to NRHP	August 26, 2021

The South Fox Island Light was a light station located on South Fox Island in the north end of Lake Michigan. There are two towers standing at the site: the first is the original brick keeper's house and tower, while the second is a skeletal tower moved to this site from Sapelo Island, Georgia in 1934. Neither is operational.^[2] The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.^[1]

History

Congress appropriated $18,000 in 1867 for the construction of this light, and it was first lit in November of that year.^[3] This structure was built of Cream City brick and consisted of a keeper's house with attached tower; a fourth-order Fresnel lens was used for the flashing red beacon.^[3]

In 1880 the light keeper erected a fence around the station in order to reduce drifting snow and sand, which were making access to the property difficult at times; this was supplemented in 1892 with a network of wooden walkways joining the various station buildings.^[3] More substantial changes commenced in 1895 with the addition of a steam whistle fog signal, which was replaced in 1929 with a diaphone horn; at the same time the beacon was converted from kerosene to electricity. A wooden house was erected for an assistant keeper in 1898; this was replaced by a red brick duplex in 1910.^[3]

In 1934 the old tower was deactivated in favor of a skeletal tower erected somewhat closer to the point.^[3] This tower was taken from the Sapelo Island Light station in Georgia, which had been discontinued the previous year.^[3] The station was automated in 1958, and the light was finally discontinued in 1969.^[2] Neither tower was demolished, however, and in 1971 the federal government transferred the land surrounding the light station to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, which entertained the lead of establishing a harbor of refuge at the site.^[2] The light station itself was also transferred to the state in 1980.

Two-thirds of the island was owned by David V. Johnson, a local developer who also purchased North Fox Island in 1994; the following year a land swap was proposed which would have given the state North Fox in exchange for Johnson receiving the remainder of South Fox.^[4] This set off a legal battle initiated by the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, who claimed rights to use of the island on the basis of an 1836 treaty; the local DNR district also objected to the swap, saying that the south island was more important to its mission than the north. After several years of hearings, the swap proposal was modified in 2001 to leave the portion incorporating the light station in the hands of the state; after the tribal claim was denied by the courts in the following year, the swap was allowed to proceed.^[4]

Preservation efforts began in 1984, when a band of ten members of the Michigan Youth Corp performed a cleanup of the light station grounds.^[4] The Fox Island Lighthouse Association (FILA) applied for nonprofit status in 2005 and began restoration in 2006.^[4]

Description

The South Fox Island Light Station includes 9 buildings spread over about ten acres. The most significant is the Lighthouse and Keeper's Dwelling, constructed in 1867. The building is constructed from yellow brick which has been whitewashed. The lighthouse tower is square and four stories tall, with windows on the first three floors and a decagonal iron lantern room on the fourth. The tower projects from the center of the façade of the dwelling, which is a single-story, front-gable building. The tower is flanked by six-over-six wood windows, with additional windows on other elevations, along with a hipped dormer in the gable roof. A shed addition is in the rear of the building. Near the light is the Assistant Keepers’ Quarters, constructed in 1910. This is a two-story side-gable triplex, constructed of red brick. The dwelling contains three units: a two-story one at the west end and one unit on each floor at the east end.^[5]

About 365 feet from these buildings are the Fog Signal Building and a skeletal tower. The fog signal building is a frame, one-story, hip-roof building constructed in 1895. The nearby tower is a pyramidal steel structure, 28 feet square at the base and 104 feet tall. It was originally built in 1905 on Sapelo Island, Georgia, but was moved and reassembled at the present location in 1934.^[5]

Also nearby is an 1895 oil house, an 1897 boathouse, an 1897 workshop, and a smokehouse of unknown era. A modern outhouse and maintenance shed are also on the location, as well as a small cemetery containing two graves and the remains of a dock in the water.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "Weekly List 2021-01-27". National Park Service. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pepper, Terry. "South Fox Island Lighthouse".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "History of the Light Station". Fox Island Lighthouse Association. Archived from the original on 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cheri Szcodronski (March 2021), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: South Fox Island Light Station

External links

Media related to South Fox Island Light at Wikimedia Commons

Fox Island Lighthouse Association

[nps-1] "Weekly List 2021-01-27". National Park Service. Retrieved August 31, 2021.

[USCG-2] "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.

[pepper-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pepper, Terry. "South Fox Island Lighthouse".

[fila.history-4] "History of the Light Station". Fox Island Lighthouse Association. Archived from the original on 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2012-12-27.

[nom-5] Cheri Szcodronski (March 2021), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: South Fox Island Light Station

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v t e Lighthouses in Michigan
Main: List of lighthouses in the United States
Northern Upper Peninsula	Au Sable Big Bay Point Copper Harbor Copper Harbor Front Range Crisp Point Eagle Harbor Eagle Harbor Range Lights Eagle River Fourteen Mile Point Grand Island East Channel Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Grand Island North Grand Marais Range Lights Granite Island Gull Rock Huron Island Isle Royale Manitou Island Marquette Breakwater Outer Marquette Harbor Mendota (Bete Grise) Munising Front Range Munising Rear Range Ontonagon Ontonagon Harbor West Breakwater Portage River (Jacobsville) Passage Island Presque Isle Harbor Breakwater Light Rock Harbor Rock of Ages Sand Hills Sand Point Light (Baraga) St. Martin Island Stannard Rock Thunder Bay Island Whitefish Point
Southern Upper Peninsula	DeTour Reef Lansing Shoals Manistique East Breakwater Martin Reef Menominee Pier Minneapolis Shoal Naubinway Island Peninsula Point Poverty Island Sand Point Seul Choix Squaw Island St. Martin Island
St. Mary's River	Frying Pan Island Pipe Island Point Iroquois Round Island Light (St. Mary's River) Six Mile Point Range Rear Winter Point Range Front
Portage River/Ship Canal	Keweenaw Waterway Lower Entrance Keweenaw Waterway Upper Entrance Portage Lake Rouleau Point Range Front and Rear Lights
Straits of Mackinac	Bois Blanc McGulpin Point Old Mackinac Point Round Island Round Island Passage St. Helena Island Wawatam
Western Lower Peninsula	Beaver Island Harbor Beaver Island Head Big Sable Point Cedar River Charlevoix Charlevoix South Pier Frankfort Frankfort South Range Grand Haven North Pierhead Grand Haven South Pierhead Entrance Grand Haven South Pierhead Inner Grand Traverse Grays Reef Holland Harbor Ile Aux Galets Little Sable Point Little Traverse Ludington Manistee Pierhead Manning Memorial Mission Point Mission Point (1933) Muskegon Breakwater Muskegon Pier North Manitou Shoal Pentwater North Pierhead Pentwater South Pierhead Point Betsie Portage Lake South Fox Island South Haven South Manitou Island St. Joseph North Pier Inner St. Joseph North Pier Outer Waugoshance White River White Shoal
Eastern Lower Peninsula	Alpena Caseville Harbor Charity Island Cheboygan Crib Cheboygan River Front Range Detroit River Fort Gratiot Forty Mile Point Fourteen Foot Shoal Gibraltar Gravelly Shoal Harbor Beach Lake St. Clair Mariners Memorial Middle Island Miller Memorial New Presque Isle Old Presque Isle Peche Island Rear Range Poe Reef Pointe aux Barques Port Austin Port Sanilac Saginaw Bay Saginaw River Rear Range Spectacle Reef St. Clair Flats Front and Rear Range Light Sturgeon Point Tawas Point Thunder Bay Island Tri-Centennial Light of Detroit William Livingstone Memorial Windmill Point
Historical (lost) lights	Au Sable North Pierhead Belle Isle Clinton River Ecorse Ecorse Range Rear Gibraltar Grassy Island Grassy Island North Channel Range Lights Grassy Island South Channel Range Lights Grosse Ile North Channel Range Lights Grosse Ile South Channel Range Lights Harwood Point East Range Front Kalamazoo River Mama Juda Mama Juda Range Front Manistee Main Middle Lake George Monroe Pier New Buffalo North Manitou Island Saginaw Bay Sand Beach North Entrance East Squaw Point St. Mary's River Lower Range Front Vidal Shoals Channel Range Front and Rear Lights Windmill Point Range Front and Rear Lights
Related	Lightship Huron List of lifesaving stations in Michigan Wixom Lake, Musselman Island lighthouse

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Leelanau County, Michigan
Historic districts	Fountain Point Resort George Conrad Hutzler Farm Glen Haven Leland Historic District Omena Historic District Port Oneida Rural Historic District South Manitou Island Lighthouse William and Margaret McFarland Core Farm
Historic properties	Bingham District No. 5 Schoolhouse Campbell–DeYoung Farm Empire School Grand Traverse Light Grove Hill New Mission Church Hutzler's Barn Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge Leelanau Transit Company Suttons Bay Depot Morgan–Copp–Mervau Building North Manitou Shoal Light Station Riverside Inn Saint Joseph's Catholic Church Sleeping Bear Inn Sleeping Bear Point Life Saving Station South Fox Island Light
National Historic Landmarks	North Manitou Island Lifesaving Station
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Leelanau County, Michigan and List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan