Salemai

Salemai
Salemai
King of Afghanistan; (Eastern Province only)
	In office; c. 1944–c. 1946
Prime Minister	Amanat Lewana
Preceded by	Mohammed Zahir Shah
Succeeded by	Mohammed Zahir Shah
Personal details
Tribe	Safi
Military service
Battles/wars	Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947

Salemai^[1] or Salimai^[2] (fl. 1940s) was an Afghan rebel king who ruled only in the Eastern Province.

Background

In either 1944 or 1945, the Safi tribe rose up against the government of the Kingdom of Afghanistan. According to British records, the uprising was caused by the Afghan government's attempts to institute conscription among the Safi, trading monopolies granted to Afghan merchant companies, and government surveillance.^[3] Whit Mason attributes the Safi uprising to "extremely brutal taxation, oppression and poverty".^[1]

King

Religious scholars among the Safi ruled that anyone who rebelled against their King and died should be excluded from being counted as martyrs.^[1] Therefore, they were required to select one of their own as king.^[1] According to Whit Mason's version of events in The Rule of Law in Afghanistan (2011), in either 1944 or 1945, the Safi selected Shahswar as king, Salemai as prime minister and Amanul Mulk as minister of defence.^[1] However, Mason appears to mix up several roles. David B. Edwards, a veteran scholar of Afghan history, gives the following quote from Amanul Mulk (whom Edwards interviewed personally) in Caravan of Martyrs (2017), which appears to confirm that Salemai was King and not Prime Minister:^[2]

We called Amanat Lewana ["mad," parroting the popular epithet for the unpopular Daud Khan]. He was our prime minister. Shasawar was minister. Salimai was king, and i was minister of defense. We used these titles because we were fighting against an Islamic king.... The mullahs told us to select one elder and call him king, and if the government attacks beyond the road, then you should also attack them. In that case, your death does not become kharob. This king should order the people to accept his order, and your death would not become wrong. This order to fight was given to us by mullahs. The elders told us to accept these orders.
— Amanul Mulk, 1983 interview

By the end of October 1945, most of the Safis, except for a few die-hards had come to terms with the Afghan government.^[4] This peace agreement included among other things the abandonment or postponement of Safi conscription.^[4]

On 23 November 1946, Mohammed Daoud Khan gave the remaining Safi peace terms, which included the return of rifles and small arms ammunition captured from government troops, the surrender of Shahswar, Said Muhd, Salim Khan and Allah Khan, the sale of grain to the government at reasonable rates, and the despatch of Safi youths to Kabul for education. It is unclear if the Safi accepted these terms,^[5] but all sources agree that the Safi uprising had subsided by the end of 1946.^[6]

Later life

In 1947, Salemai had a reunion in Shulgara with Shahswar and Amanul Mulk.^[1] Afterwards, Salemai fades out of the historical record.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mason, Whit (2011-04-14). The Rule of Law in Afghanistan: Missing in Inaction. Cambridge University Press. pp. 85, 86. ISBN 978-1-139-49552-3.
^ ^a ^b Edwards, David B. (2017-05-09). Caravan of Martyrs: Sacrifice and Suicide Bombing in Afghanistan. Univ of California Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-520-29479-0.
^ Olesen, Asta (1995). Islam and Politics in Afghanistan. Psychology Press. pp. 196, 198. ISBN 978-0-7007-0299-2.
^ ^a ^b Yapp, Malcolm; Preston, Paul; Patridge, Michael; Office, Great Britain Foreign (1999). British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East. University Publications of America. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1.
^ Yapp, Malcolm (2001). British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East 1947. Afghanistan, Persia and Turkey, january 1947-december 1947. University Publications of America. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1.
^ See Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947#Duration

[:92-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mason, Whit (2011-04-14). The Rule of Law in Afghanistan: Missing in Inaction. Cambridge University Press. pp. 85, 86. ISBN 978-1-139-49552-3.

[:1-2] Edwards, David B. (2017-05-09). Caravan of Martyrs: Sacrifice and Suicide Bombing in Afghanistan. Univ of California Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-520-29479-0.

[:7-3] Olesen, Asta (1995). Islam and Politics in Afghanistan. Psychology Press. pp. 196, 198. ISBN 978-0-7007-0299-2.

[:11-4] Yapp, Malcolm; Preston, Paul; Patridge, Michael; Office, Great Britain Foreign (1999). British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East. University Publications of America. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1.

[Malcolm2001p136-5] Yapp, Malcolm (2001). British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East 1947. Afghanistan, Persia and Turkey, january 1947-december 1947. University Publications of America. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1.

[:16-6] See Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947#Duration

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v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan
Hotak Empire	Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud Hotak Ashraf Hotak Hussain Hotak
Durrani Empire	Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur Shah Durrani Zaman Shah Durrani Mahmud Shah Durrani Shah Shujah Durrani Ali Shah Durrani Ayub Shah Durrani
Barakzai Emirate	Sultan Mohammad Khan Dost Mohammad Khan Akbar Khan Sher Ali Khan Mohammad Afzal Khan Mohammad Azam Khan Mohammad Yaqub Khan Ayub Khan Abdur Rahman Khan Habibullah Khan Jehandad Khan Nasrullah Khan
Barakzai Kingdom	Amanullah Khan Abd-al Karim Inayatullah Khan
Saqqawist Emirate (unrecognized)	Habibullāh Kalakāni
Barakzai Kingdom (restored)	Mohammad Nadir Shah Mohammad Zahir Shah Salemai
Italics indicates localized rebel monarchs