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Richard Henderson (biologist)

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Richard Henderson
CH FRS FMedSci HonFRSC
Henderson during Nobel Prize press conference in Stockholm in 2017
Born (1945-07-19) 19 July 1945 (age 79)
Edinburgh, Scotland
Alma mater
Known forCryo-electron microscopy[2]
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisX-Ray Analysis of α-chymotrysin: Substrate and Inhibitor Binding (1970)
Doctoral advisorDavid Mervyn Blow

Richard Henderson is a British molecular biologist and biophysicist and pioneer in the field of electron microscopy of biological molecules. Henderson shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2017 with Jacques Dubochet and Joachim Frank.[3] "Thanks to his work, we can look at individual atoms of living nature, thanks to cryo-electron microscopes we can see details without destroying samples, and for this he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry."[4]

Education

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Henderson was educated at Newcastleton primary school, Hawick High School and Boroughmuir High School.[5] He went on to study Physics at the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BSc degree in Physics, 1st Class honours in 1966.[5] He then commenced postgraduate study at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge,[6] and obtained his PhD degree from the University of Cambridge in 1969.[5][7]

Career and research

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Research

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Henderson worked on the structure and mechanism of chymotrypsin for his doctorate under the supervision of David Mervyn Blow at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.[8] His interest in membrane proteins led to him working on voltage-gated sodium channels as a post-doctoral researcher at Yale University. Returning to the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1975, Henderson worked with Nigel Unwin to study the structure of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin by electron microscopy. A seminal paper in Nature by Henderson and Unwin (1975)[9] established a low resolution structural model for bacteriorhodopsin showing the protein to consist of seven transmembrane helices. This paper was important for a number of reasons, not the least of which was that it showed that membrane proteins had well defined structures and that transmembrane alpha-helices could occur. After 1975 Henderson continued to work on the structure of bacteriorhodopsin without Unwin. In 1990 Henderson published an atomic model of bacteriorhodopsin by electron crystallography in the Journal of Molecular Biology.[10] This model was the second ever atomic model of a membrane protein. The techniques Henderson developed for electron crystallography are still in use.

Together with Chris Tate, Henderson helped develop conformational thermostabilisation: a method that allows any protein to be made more stable while still holding a chosen conformation of interest.[11][failed verification] This method has been critical in crystallising and solving the structures of several G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs).[12] With help from the charity LifeArc, Henderson and Tate founded the MRC start-up company, Heptares Therapeutics Ltd (HTL) in 2007.[13] HTL continues to develop new drugs targeting medically important GPCRs linked to a wide range of human diseases.[8]

In the last few years, Henderson has returned to hands-on research focusing on single particle electron microscopy. Having been an early proponent of the idea that single particle electron microscopy is capable of determining atomic resolution models for proteins, explained in a 1995 paper in Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. Henderson aims to be able to routinely obtain atomic structures without crystals. He has made seminal contributions to many of the approaches used in single particle electron microscopy, including pioneering the development of direct electron detectors that recently allowed single particle cryo-electron microscopy to achieve its goals.[3]

Post-docs and PhD students

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Although Henderson has typically worked independently, he has trained a number of scientists who have gone on to independent research careers. These scientists include:

Other positions

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Henderson has worked at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC LMB) in Cambridge since 1973, and was its director between 1996 and 2006.[15] He was also a visiting professor at the Miller Institute of the University of California, Berkeley in Spring 1993.[16] He is currently[when?] a mentor for the Academy of Medical Sciences Mentoring Scheme.[8] Outside academia, he lists his interests as hill walking in Scotland, kayaking and drinking good wine.[5][8]

Awards and honours

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Interviews

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He was interviewed by Jim Al-Khalili for The Life Scientific, first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in February 2018.[2]

References

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  1. ^ "Doctor Richard HENDERSON | Jeantet". 1 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Richard Henderson zooms in on the molecules of life". BBC.
  3. ^ a b The Scientists' Channel. "Richard Henderson, CH, FRS, FMedSci, HonFRSC". thescientistschannel.com. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  4. ^ Richard Henderson – Hyde Park Civilizace | Česká televize (in Czech), retrieved 10 August 2023
  5. ^ a b c d

    Anon (2017). "Henderson, Dr Richard". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.19818. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

  6. ^ Stoddart, Charlotte (1 March 2022). "Structural biology: How proteins got their close-up". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022822-1. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  7. ^ Henderson, Richard (1969). X-ray analysis of α-chymotrypsin : substrate and inhibitor binding. lib.cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 500470310. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.458866.
  8. ^ a b c d e Dr Richard Henderson FRS FMedSci Fellow Profile, Academy of Medical Sciences
  9. ^ Henderson, R. (1975). "Three-Dimensional Model of Purple Membrane Obtained by Electron Microscopy". Nature. 257 (5521): 28–32. Bibcode:1975Natur.257...28H. doi:10.1038/257028a0. PMID 1161000. S2CID 4161148.
  10. ^ Henderson, R; Baldwin, JM; Ceska, TA; Zemlin, F; Beckmann, E; Downing, KH (1990). "Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy". Journal of Molecular Biology. 213 (4): 899–929. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80271-2. PMID 2359127.
  11. ^ "Chris Tate".
  12. ^ Warne, T; Serrano-Vega, MJ; Baker, JG; Moukhametzianov, R; Edwards, PC; Henderson, R; Leslie, AG; Tate, CG; Schertler, GF (24 July 2008). "Structure of a beta1-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor". Nature. 454 (7203): 486–91. Bibcode:2008Natur.454..486W. doi:10.1038/nature07101. PMC 2923055. PMID 18594507.
  13. ^ Scialom, Mike (29 November 2018). "It's a new day for Sosei Heptares". Cambridge Independent. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  14. ^ "John L. Rubinstein – Biochemistry – University of Toronto". Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Curriculum Vitae". www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.
  16. ^ Nouriani, Olivia (6 October 2017). "2 scientists with ties to UC Berkeley win 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The Daily Californian. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  17. ^ Announcement of Newly Elected Honorary Members Archived 18 May 2004 at the Wayback Machine" from the British Biophysical Society
  18. ^ "Richard Henderson FRS protein imaging pioneer wins Royal Society's prestigious Copley Medal | Royal Society". royalsociety.org.
  19. ^ "Wiley Prize". Wiley Foundation. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  20. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017". The Nobel Foundation. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  21. ^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded for Cryo-Electron Microscopy". The New York Times. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  22. ^ "No. 62310". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 June 2018. p. B24.
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