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ROXs 12

Coordinates: Sky map 16h 26m 28.0400s, −25° 26′ 47.7168″
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ROXs 12

ROXs 12 (bright star at the center) and ROX 12b (object at the top)
Credit: ESO VLT MUSE; Claudio Caceres et al. & Meli_thev
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Scorpius
Right ascension 16h 26m 28.0400s[1]
Declination −25° 26′ 47.7168″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 14.29
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage pre-main-sequence star
Spectral type M0e[1]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: -6.858[2] mas/yr
Dec.: -24.815[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.2170 ± 0.0172 mas[2]
Distance452 ± 1 ly
(138.6 ± 0.3 pc)
Details[3]
ROXs 12
Mass0.65+0.05
−0.09
 M
Radius1.14±0.07 R
Temperature3900±100 K
Rotation9.1±0.4 d
Age7.6+4.1
−2.5
 Myr
2MASS J16262774–2527247
Mass0.535+0.006
−0.007
 M
Radius1.17+0.06
−0.04
 R
Luminosity0.24+0.05
−0.04
 L
Surface gravity (log g)3.6+0.6
−0.7
 cgs
Temperature3746+139
−122
 K
Other designations
WDS J16265-2527[1]
ROXs 12: 2MASS J16262803-2526477, DENIS J162628.0-252647
2MASS J16262774–2527247: DENIS J162627.7-252724
Database references
SIMBADROXs 12
ROXs 12b
2MASS J16262774–2527247

ROXs 12 is a binary system of pre-main-sequence stars. It belongs to the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.[4] The surface temperature of the primary star is 3900±100 K.[3] ROXs 12 is much younger than the Sun with an age of 7.6+4.1
−2.5
million years.[4]

A multiplicity survey detected a stellar companion to ROXs 12 in 2017, named 2MASS J16262774–2527247,[5] at a projected separation of 5100 AU.[6]

Planetary system

[edit]

In 2005, one planet was discovered on a wide orbit by direct imaging,[7] was confirmed in 2013 and named ROXs 12 b.[4] The planet's measured temperature is 3100+400
−500
K.[6] The spectroscopy of the planet was obtained with Keck and Gemini, revealing a low surface gravity and a spectral type of L0 ±2, making this object either a late M-dwarf or an early L-dwarf. The signs of low gravity includes weak alkali absorption and a triangular H-band spectrum shape. The study also found misalignment between the line-of-sight inclinations of ROXs 12A and 2MASS J16262774–2527247. ROXs 12 B is also likely misaligned with its host star. This was interpreted as either formation similar to fragmenting binary stars or ROXs 12B formed in an equatorial disk that was torqued by 2MASS J16262774–2527247. This study also found strong signs of accretion around 2MASS J16262774–2527247 from emission lines, including strong H-alpha emission.[3]

The primary star is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, although it is not very massive, being less than 4 MJ.[4] The secondary star also has a protoplanetary disk, and it is much more massive, equal to 10-1.07+0.49
−0.87
M. The disk is inclined to the equatorial plane of the star.[5]

The ROXs 12 planetary system[5]
Companion
(in order from star)
Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)
Orbital period
(days)
Eccentricity Inclination Radius
Protoplanetary or debris disk ? AU
b [fr] 16±MJ 210±20 ~0
The 2MASS J16262774–2527247 planetary system[5]
Companion
(in order from star)
Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)
Orbital period
(days)
Eccentricity Inclination Radius
Protoplanetary disk 4.1–25.8[5] AU

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "ROXs 12". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  2. ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ a b c Bowler, Brendan P.; Kraus, Adam L.; Bryan, Marta L.; Knutson, Heather A.; Brogi, Matteo; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Liu, Michael C.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017), "The young substellar companion ROXs 12 B: near-infrared spectrum, system architecture, and spin-orbit misalignment", The Astronomical Journal, 154 (4): 165, arXiv:1708.07611, Bibcode:2017AJ....154..165B, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa88bd, S2CID 119187671
  4. ^ a b c d Kraus, Adam L.; Ireland, Michael J.; Cieza, Lucas A.; Hinkley, Sasha; Dupuy, Trent J.; Bowler, Brendan P.; Liu, Michael C. (2013), "Three Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B", The Astrophysical Journal, 781 (1): 20, arXiv:1311.7664, Bibcode:2014ApJ...781...20K, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/20, S2CID 41086512
  5. ^ a b c d e Sheehan, Patrick D.; Wu, Ya-Lin; Eisner, Josh A.; Tobin, John J. (2019), "High Precision Dynamical Masses of Pre-Main Sequence Stars with ALMA and Gaia", The Astrophysical Journal, 874 (2): 136, arXiv:1903.00032, Bibcode:2019ApJ...874..136S, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab09f9, S2CID 119218828
  6. ^ a b Wu, Ya-Lin; Bowler, Brendan P.; Sheehan, Patrick D.; Andrews, Sean M.; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Kraus, Adam L.; Ricci, Luca; Wilner, David J.; Zhu, Zhaohuan (2020), "ALMA 0.88 mm survey of disks around planetary-mass companions", The Astronomical Journal, 159 (5): 229, arXiv:2003.08658, Bibcode:2020AJ....159..229W, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab818c, S2CID 213004809
  7. ^ Ratzka, T.; Köhler, R.; Leinert, Ch. (2005), "A Multiplicity Survey of the Rho Ophiuchi Molecular Clouds", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 437 (2): 611–626, arXiv:astro-ph/0504593, Bibcode:2005A&A...437..611R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042107, S2CID 119464112