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RD-864

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RD-864 (РД-864)
Country of origin Soviet Union
Date1976–1978
First flight31 October 1977
DesignerYuzhnoye Design Bureau
ManufacturerYuzhmash
ApplicationUpper stage
Associated LVR-36M UTTKh and Dnepr
StatusIn service
Liquid-fuel engine
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH
Mixture ratio1.8
CycleGas-generator
Configuration
Chamber4
Performance
Thrust
  • High thrust mode: 20.2 kN (4,500 lbf)
  • Low thrust mode: 8.45 kN (1,900 lbf)
Chamber pressure
  • High thrust mode: 4.1 MPa (590 psi)
  • Low thrust mode: 1.7 MPa (250 psi)
Specific impulse
  • High thrust mode: 309 s (3.03 km/s)
  • Low thrust mode: 298 s (2.92 km/s)
Burn timeUp to 600 seconds
Restarts25
Gimbal range±55°
Dimensions
Length4,020 mm (158 in)
Diameter1,420 mm (56 in)
Dry mass199 kg (439 lb)
Used in
R-36M UTTKh and Dnepr third stage
References
References[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
RD-869 (РД-869)
Country of origin Soviet Union
Date1983–1985
First flightMarch 1986
DesignerYuzhnoye Design Bureau
ManufacturerYuzhmash
ApplicationUpper Stage
Associated LVR-36M2
PredecessorRD-864
StatusIn service
Liquid-fuel engine
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH
Mixture ratio1.8
CycleGas-generator
Configuration
Chamber4
Performance
Thrust
  • High thrust mode: 20.47 kN (4,600 lbf)
  • Low thrust mode: 8.58 kN (1,930 lbf)
Chamber pressure
  • High thrust mode: 4.1 MPa (590 psi)
  • Low thrust mode: 1.7 MPa (250 psi)
Specific impulse
  • High thrust mode: 313 s (3.07 km/s)
  • Low thrust mode: 302.3 s (2.965 km/s)
Burn timeUp to 700 seconds
Restarts50
Gimbal range±55°
Dimensions
Length4,020 mm (158 in)
Diameter1,420 mm (56 in)
Dry mass196 kg (432 lb)
Used in
R-36M2 third stage
References
References[1][5][6][10]

The RD-864 (GRAU: 15D177) is a Soviet liquid-fuel rocket burning unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel and dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer in a gas-generator combustion cycle.[1] It has a four combustion chambers that provide thrust vector control by gimbaling each nozzle in a single axis ±55°. It is used on the third stage of the R-36M UTTKh (GRAU: 15A18) and Dnepr.[5] For the R-36M2 (GRAU: 15A18M), an improved version, the RD-869 (GRAU: 15D300) was developed.[1][6][10][11] The MEA is an evolution of the RD-869 used on the Vega C.[12]

History

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When the Soviet military developed an improved version of the R-36M ICBM, Yangel's OKB-586 developed a new engine for the third stage, the RD-864. Developed between 1976 and 1978 it flew for the first time on October 31, 1977. With the START I and START II the some 150 R-36M and R-36M UTTKh were retired and to be destroyed by 2007.[1][4] So, a civilian application was looked for and during the 1990s, Yuzhnoe Design Bureau (the R-36M designer) successfully developed the Dnepr launch vehicle.[3] It flew for the first time on April 21, 1999 and as of June 2016 it is still operational.[13] So, while the production of the RD-864 has long since been finished, the engine is still to this day operational.[13][14]

The RD-869 was an improved version for the most powerful Soviet ICBM ever, the R-36M2 (15A18M). It had improved efficiency, restart capability and burn life over the RD-864.[1][10] As of January 2016 there are still 46 operational R-36M2 (RS-20V, SS-18) and thus the RD-869 is still in service, if out of production.[14]

Versions

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There are two versions of this engine:

  • RD-864 (GRAU Index: 15D177): First developed as the third stage engine for the R-36M UTTKh (15A18) ICBM and, by extension, on the Dnepr launch vehicle.[1][5]
  • RD-869 (GRAU Index: 15D300): An improved version of the RD-864. It has improved efficiency, restart capability and burn life. It is used on the R-36M2 (15A18M).[1][6]

See also

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  • R-36M UTTKh - The most powerful ever Soviet ICBM for which the RD-864/869 engines were created.
  • Dnepr - A Ukrainian small rocket project that uses the RD-864.
  • Yuzhnoe Design Bureau - The RD-864/869 designer bureau.
  • Yuzhmash - A multi-product machine-building company that's closely related to Yuzhnoe and manufactures the RD-RD-864/869.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Двигатели 1944-2000: Аавиационные, Ракетные, Морские, Промышленные" [Aviadvigatel 19442-2000: Aviation, rocketry, naval and industry] (PDF) (in Russian). pp. 341–342. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  2. ^ Brügge, Norbert. "Dnepr Propulsion". B14643.de. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  3. ^ a b Wade, Mark. "Dnepr". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on October 15, 2002. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  4. ^ a b Wade, Mark. "R-36MU 15A18". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  5. ^ a b c d Wade, Mark. "RD-864". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on June 26, 2002. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  6. ^ a b c d Wade, Mark. "RD-869". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on May 6, 2002. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  7. ^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Le troisième étage de Dniepr" [The Dnepr third stage] (in French). Kosmonavtika.com. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  8. ^ "Dnepr". Yuzhnoye. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014.
  9. ^ "Dnepr Launch Vehicle". Yuzhmash. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012.
  10. ^ a b c Wade, Mark. "R-36M2 15A18M". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on September 10, 2010. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  11. ^ Pal'kov, V. A.; Timchenko, A. Ju.; Stecenko, A. Ja. (2014). Tkachenko, V. D. (ed.). Шестьдесят лет в ракетостроении и космонавтике. 1954-2014 [Sixty years in rocketry and astronautics. 1954-2014] (in Russian). Yuzhnoye SDO. pp. 183–185. ISBN 978-966-348-349-8.
  12. ^ "Vega C Users Manual" (PDF). Arianespace. May 2018. p. 1-6. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  13. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-06-13). "Dnepr". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  14. ^ a b "Strategic Rocket Forces". January 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
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