Pupilla

Pupilla; Temporal range: Oligocene–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A right side view of a live Pupilla muscorum
	Six shells of Pupilla muscorum, scale bar in mm
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Superfamily:	Pupilloidea
Family:	Pupillidae
Subfamily:	Pupillinae
Genus:	Pupilla; Fleming, 1828
Type species
	Pupa marginata Draparnaud, 1801;
Synonyms
	Glischrus (Pupa) Draparnaud, 1801; † Paracoryna Flach, 1890 (junior synonym); Pupa Draparnaud, 1801 (invalid: junior homonym of Pupa Röding, 1798); Pupa (Pupilla) J. Fleming, 1828; Pupilla (Afripupilla) Pilsbry, 1921· accepted, alternate representation; Pupilla (Fragipupilla) Schileyko, 1984· accepted, alternate representation; Pupilla (Pupilla) J. Fleming, 1828· accepted, alternate representation; Pupilla (Striopupilla) Pilsbry, 1921· accepted, alternate representation; Sphyradium (Pupa) Draparnaud, 1801; Torquatella Held, 1838 (junior synonym); Vertigo (Pupa) Draparnaud, 1801 (unaccepted combination);

Pupilla is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.^[2]

Shells of Pupilla species are known from terrestrial Cenozoic strata dating back to the Oligocene until the Holocene period.^[3]

Distribution

This genus occurs in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America.^[4]

Species

Species within the genus Pupilla include:

† Pupilla aeoli (Hilber, 1884)
Pupilla afghanicum Solem, 1979
Pupilla alabiella Schileyko, 1984
Pupilla alaskensis Nekola & Coles, 2014
† Pupilla almuhambetovae Prysjazhnjuk, 2017
Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)^[4]
Pupilla annandalei Pilsbry^[5]
Pupilla anzobica Izzatullaev, 1970
Pupilla armeniaca (Issel, 1865)
† Pupilla bargi Prysiazhniuk, 2017
† Pupilla belokrysi Steklov, 1966
Pupilla bigranata (Rossmässler 1839)^[4] (taxon inquirendum)
Pupilla bipatulata Akramowski, 1943
† Pupilla bituberculata H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo, 1991
† Pupilla blainvilleana (Dupuy, 1850)
Pupilla blandii E. S. Morse, 1865 – Rocky Mountain column
† Pupilla bogdanovkaense Prysiazhniuk, 2017
Pupilla brevicostis (Benson, 1849)
Pupilla calacharicus (Boettger, 1886) ^{[citation needed]}
† Pupilla capitani (de Morgan, 1920)
† Pupilla crossei (Michaud, 1862)
† Pupilla cupella O. Boettger, 1889
† Pupilla diezi (Flach, 1890)
Pupilla diopsis (Benson, 1863)
Pupilla duplicata (Preston, 1911)
Pupilla ficulnea (Tate, 1894)^[6]
Pupilla gallae Tzvetkov, 1940
Pupilla goniodon Pilsbry, 1927
Pupilla guadalupensis Pilsbry, 1927
Pupilla gutta (Benson, 1864)
Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881) – crestless column
Pupilla hokkaidoensis Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba, 2014
Pupilla hudsoniana Nekola & Coles, 2014
Pupilla iheringi Suter, 1900
† Pupilla impressa (F. Sandberger, 1862)
Pupilla inequidenta Schileyko & Almuhambetova, 1979
† Pupilla inermis Russell, 1931
Pupilla inops (Reinhardt, 1877)
† Pupilla iratiana (Dupuy, 1850)
Pupilla khunjerabica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009^[5]
Pupilla kyrostriata Walther & Hausdorf, 2014
Pupilla limata Schileyko, 1984
Pupilla loessica Ložek, 1954^[7]
† Pupilla michaudi Wenz, 1919
† Pupilla mlomnickii (Friedberg, 1905)
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)^[4] – widespread column – type species
† Pupilla mutabilis Steklov, 1966
Pupilla obliquicosta Smith, 1892 – extinct^[8]
Pupilla paraturcmenica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009^[5]
† Pupilla parvula (Deshayes, 1863)
† Pupilla perlabiata Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
† Pupilla poltavica O. Boettger, 1889
Pupilla profundotuberculata H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo, 1991
Pupilla pupula^[9]
Pupilla quxuensis D.-N. Chen & G.-Q. Zhang, 2001
† Pupilla retusa (F. Sandberger, 1858)
† Pupilla roberti Prysiazhniuk, 2017
Pupilla salemensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861)
Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009^[5]
† Pupilla selecta (Thomä, 1845)
† Pupilla selectiformis (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940)
Pupilla seriola (Benson, 1861)
† Pupilla shantungensis Yen, 1969
Pupilla simplexa Y.-T. Li, 1985
Pupilla sonorana (Sterki, 1899) – three-tooth column
† Pupilla staszicii (Łomnicki, 1886)
† Pupilla steinheimensis (K. Miller, 1900)
Pupilla sterkiana (Pilsbry, 1890)
Pupilla sterrii (Forster & Voith, 1840)^[4]
Pupilla striopolita Schileyko, 1984
† Pupilla subquadridens (A. d'Orbigny, 1852)
Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry, 1890) – top-heavy column
Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger, 1870)
Pupilla triplicata (Studer, 1820)^[4]
† Pupilla triplicatoidea Steklov, 1966
† Pupilla tschumakovi Prysjazhnjuk, 2017
Pupilla turcmenica (O. Boettger)^[5]
† Pupilla zeisslerae Schlickum, 1975
Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009^[5]

Synonyms

Pupilla barrackporensis Gude, 1914: synonym of Insulipupa malayana (Issel, 1874) (junior synonym)
Pupilla cinghalensis Gude, 1914: synonym of Indopupa cinghalensis (Gude, 1914) (original combination)
Pupilla cryptodon (Heude, 1880): synonym of Gibbulinopsis cryptodon (Heude, 1880) (unaccepted combination)
Pupilla cupa (Jan 1832): synonym of Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior synonym)
Pupilla draparnaudi Leach [in Turton], 1831: synonym of Lauria cylindracea (Da Costa, 1778)
Pupilla floridana Dall, 1885: synonym of Gastrocopta pentodon (Say, 1822) (junior synonym)
Pupilla fontana (Krauss, 1848): synonym of Gibbulinopsis fontana (F. Krauss, 1848) (superseded combination)
Pupilla gracilis Izzatullaev, 1970: synonym of Gibbulinopsis gracilis (Izzatullaev, 1970) (original combination)
Pupilla hudsonianum [sic]: synonym of Pupilla hudsoniana Nekola & Coles, 2014 (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
Pupilla muscerda (Benson, 1853): synonym of Microstele muscerda (Benson, 1853) (unaccepted combination)
Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871):^[4] synonym of Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
† Pupilla quadrigranata (F. Sandberger, 1858): synonym of † Pupilla selecta (Thomä, 1845) (junior synonym)
Pupilla reibischi Dall & Ochsner, 1928: synonym of Gastrocopta reibischi (Dall & Ochsner, 1928) (original name)
Pupilla salmensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861): synonym of Pupilla salemensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861) (misspelling of original name.)
Pupilla signata (Mousson, 1873):^[5] synonym of Gibbulinopsis signata (Mousson, 1873)
Pupilla stoneri Chamberlin & Jones, 1929: synonym of Gastrocopta pilsbryana (Sterki, 1890)
† Pupilla submuscorum Gottschick & Wenz, 1919: synonym of † Gibbulinopsis submuscorum (Gottschick & Wenz, 1919)
Pupilla wolfae Tzvetkov, 1940: synonym of Pupilla sterrii (Voith, 1840) (junior synonym)

References

^ Fleming J. (1828). A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematic arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. pp. i–xxxii [= 1–23], 1–565, [1]. Edinburgh. (Bell & Bradfute).
^ -MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426395 on 5 March 2022
^ (in Czech) Ivanov M., Hrdličková, S. & Gregorová, R. (2001). Encyklopedie zkamenělin. Rebo Productions, Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page 125.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Genus summary for Pupilla". AnimalBase. Last modified 2 September 2006, accessed 30 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". Annales Zoologici 59(4): 423–458. doi:10.3161/000345409X484847.
^ Kessner V. (1996). Pupilla ficulnea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
^ (in Czech) Ložek V. (1954). "Noví měkkýši československého pleistocénu (Neue Mollusken aus dem tschechoslowakischen Pleistozän). Vertigo pseudosubstriata sp. n., Pupilla muscorum densegyrata ssp. n. a Pupilla loessica sp. n." Anthropozoikum 3(1953): 327–342, Tab. 1.
^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla obliquicosta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla pupula. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.

Flach, K. (1890). Palaeontologische Beiträge. Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-Medicinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg, Neue Folge. 24(3): 49–59, pl. 1.
Schileyko, A. A. (1984). Nazemnye molljuski podotrjada Pupillina fauny SSSR (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Geophila). In:. Fauna SSSR, Molljuski. III, 3
Held, F. (1837–1838). Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns. Isis (Oken), 30 (4): 303–309 (1837); 30 (12): 901–919 (1838). Leipzig

External links

[1] Fleming J. (1828). A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematic arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. pp. i–xxxii [= 1–23], 1–565, [1]. Edinburgh. (Bell & Bradfute).

[WoRMS-2] -MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426395 on 5 March 2022

[3] (in Czech) Ivanov M., Hrdličková, S. & Gregorová, R. (2001). Encyklopedie zkamenělin. Rebo Productions, Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page 125.

[AB-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Genus summary for Pupilla". AnimalBase. Last modified 2 September 2006, accessed 30 July 2010.

[Pokryszko_2009-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". Annales Zoologici 59(4): 423–458. doi:10.3161/000345409X484847.

[6] Kessner V. (1996). Pupilla ficulnea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.

[7] (in Czech) Ložek V. (1954). "Noví měkkýši československého pleistocénu (Neue Mollusken aus dem tschechoslowakischen Pleistozän). Vertigo pseudosubstriata sp. n., Pupilla muscorum densegyrata ssp. n. a Pupilla loessica sp. n." Anthropozoikum 3(1953): 327–342, Tab. 1.

[8] Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla obliquicosta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.

[9] Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla pupula. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.

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