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Prunum

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Prunum
Prunum fulminatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Volutoidea
Family: Marginellidae
Subfamily: Pruninae
Genus: Prunum
Herrmannsen, 1852
Type species
Voluta prunum
Gmelin, 1791
Synonyms[1]
  • Egouena Jousseaume, 1875
  • Leptegouana Woodring, 1928
  • Marginella (Prunum) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • † Microspira Conrad, 1868
  • † Porcellanella Tryon, 1882 (invalid: junior homonym of Porcellanella White, 1852 [Crustacea].)

Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Pruninae of the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.[1]

The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy.[2] A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in Prunum, the slender species with a thin callus in Volvarina, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements [1]

Species

[edit]

Species within the genus Prunum include:[1]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Prunum abbreviatum (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Volvarina lactea (Kiener, 1841)
  • Prunum adelum (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum aguayoi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)
  • Prunum agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hydroginella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum alabaster Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Volvarina rubella navicella Reeve, 1865
  • Prunum ameliensis (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917)
  • Prunum attenuatum (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865)
  • Prunum augusta (Thiele, 1925): synonym of Dentimargo augusta (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844): synonym of Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890)
  • Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881):[46] synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum bahiensis [sic]: synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917) (incorrect gender ending)
  • Prunum avenellum (Dall, 1881): synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002:[47] synonym of Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002
  • Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868):[48] synonym of Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844)
  • Prunum caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum cahuitaensis Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003: synonym of Prunum cahuitaense Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 (incorrect gender ending)
  • Prunum canasensis Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011: synonym of Prunum canasense Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 (incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
  • Prunum canellum (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum cantharus Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848)
  • Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848)
  • Prunum carnum Storer, 1837  : synonym of Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)
  • Prunum charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)  : synonym of Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)
  • Prunum colomborum Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of Marginella colomborum (Bozzetti, 1995)
  • Prunum conchibellus Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010  : synonym of Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Prunum crassilabrum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846)  : synonym of Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum deliciosum (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912)  : synonym of Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913)
  • Prunum dinisioi T. Cossignani, 2006: synonym of Volvarina dinisioi (T. Cossignani, 2006) (original combination)
  • Prunum egmontensis [sic]: synonym of Prunum egmontense Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 (original spelling: incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
  • Prunum evax Li, 1930  : synonym of Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
  • Prunum exile (Gmelin, 1791)  : synonym of Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum fortunatum (Clover & Macca, 1990): synonym of Volvarina fortunata Clover & Macca, 1990
  • Prunum fraterculus E.A. Smith, 1915  : synonym of Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
  • Prunum fulgidum Lussi & G. Smith, 1999: synonym of Volvarina fulgida (Lussi & G. Smith, 1999) (original combination)
  • Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941):[49] synonym of Prunum virginianum hartleyana (Schwengel, 1941)
  • Prunum helena Thiele, 1925  : synonym of Hyalina helena (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum hoffi Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of Canalispira hoffi (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991)
  • Prunum hondurasense (Reeve, 1865)  : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum hondurasensis (Reeve, 1865)  : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum insulanum (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988)  : synonym of Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988
  • Prunum joubini Bavay, 1913: synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917)
  • Prunum keenii Marrat, 1871: synonym of Hyalina keenii (Marrat, 1871)
  • Prunum laetitium (Thiele, 1925): synonym of Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum longivaricosum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Prunum mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901): synonym of Volvarina mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
  • Prunum marianae Bozzetti, 1999: synonym of Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & G. Smith, 1999
  • Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Volvarina monilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Prunum olivaeformis (Kiener, 1834): synonym of Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
  • Prunum pergrande (Clover, 1974): synonym of Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974
  • Prunum pergrandis [sic]: synonym of Prunum pergrande (Clover, 1974): synonym of Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974 (incorrect gender ending)
  • Prunum riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992: synonym of Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
  • Prunum roberti (Bavay, 1917): synonym of Volvarina roberti (Bavay, 1917)
  • Prunum roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939  : synonym of Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)
  • Prunum sauliae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1846): synonym of Volvarina sauliae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1846)
  • Prunum serrei Bavay, 1913  : synonym of Volvarina serrei (Bavay, 1913)
  • Prunum sowerbyanum Petit, 1851  : synonym of Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Prunum styrium Dall, 1889  : synonym of Volvarina styria (Dall, 1889)
  • Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846):[50] synonym of Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846)
  • Prunum tacoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2014: synonym of Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014
  • Prunum terverianum (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851): synonym of Volvarina monilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Prunum watsoni (Dall, 1881): synonym of Eratoidea watsoni (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum yucatecana (Dall, 1881): synonym of Dentimargo yucatecanus (Dall, 1881): synonym of Dentimargo yucatecana (Dall, 1881)

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 23 January 2011.
  2. ^ Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001 ISBN 0-226-38930-8
  3. ^ Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  4. ^ Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  5. ^ Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  6. ^ Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  7. ^ Prunum amygdala Kiener. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  8. ^ Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  9. ^ Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  10. ^ Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  11. ^ Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  12. ^ Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  13. ^ Prunum Camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  14. ^ Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  15. ^ Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  16. ^ Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  17. ^ Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  18. ^ Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  19. ^ Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  20. ^ Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  21. ^ Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  22. ^ Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  23. ^ Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  24. ^ Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  25. ^ Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  26. ^ Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  27. ^ Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  28. ^ Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  29. ^ Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  30. ^ Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  31. ^ Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  32. ^ Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  33. ^ Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  34. ^ Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  35. ^ Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  36. ^ Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  37. ^ Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  38. ^ Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  39. ^ Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  40. ^ Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  41. ^ Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  42. ^ Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  43. ^ Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  44. ^ Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  45. ^ Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  46. ^ Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  47. ^ Prunum Batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  48. ^ Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  49. ^ Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
  50. ^ Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prunum.
  • Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp
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