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The Slovenia Portal

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Location of Slovenia

Slovenia officially the Republic of Slovenia is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short coastline within the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, which is part of the Mediterranean sea. Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested, covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 2.1 million. Slovene is the official language. Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country. Other larger urban centers are Maribor, Kranj, Celje and Koper.

Slovenia's territory has been part of many different states: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon's First French Empire and the Habsburg Empire. In October 1918, the Slovenes co-founded the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. In December 1918, they merged with the Kingdom of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia, with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a newly declared Nazi puppet state. In 1945, it again became part of Yugoslavia. Post-war, Yugoslavia was allied with the Eastern Bloc, but after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact, and in 1961 it became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. In June 1991, Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia and became an independent sovereign state. (Full article...)

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Olms in Postojna Cave, Slovenia

The olm (German: [ɔlm] ^ⓘ) or proteus (Proteus anguinus) is an aquatic salamander which is the only species in the genus Proteus of the family Proteidae and the only exclusively cave-dwelling chordate species found in Europe; the family's other extant genus is Necturus. In contrast to most amphibians, it is entirely aquatic, eating, sleeping, and breeding underwater. Living in caves found in the Dinaric Alps, it is endemic to the waters that flow underground through the extensive limestone bedrock of the karst of Central and Southeastern Europe in the basin of the Soča River (Italian: Isonzo) near Trieste, Italy, southern Slovenia, southwestern Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Introduced populations are found near Vicenza, Italy, and Kranj, Slovenia. It was first mentioned in 1689 by the local naturalist Valvasor in his Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, who reported that, after heavy rains, the olms were washed up from the underground waters and were believed by local people to be a cave dragon's offspring.

This cave salamander is most notable for its adaptations to a life of complete darkness in its underground habitat. The olm's eyes are undeveloped, leaving it blind, while its other senses, particularly those of smell and hearing, are acutely developed. Most populations also lack any pigmentation in their skin. The olm has three toes on its forelimbs, but only two toes on its hind feet. It exhibits neoteny, retaining larval characteristics like external gills into adulthood, like some American amphibians, the axolotl and the mudpuppies (Necturus). (Full article...)

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Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Slovenian-born singer Ben Dolic was set to represent Germany at Eurovision in 2020?
... that after Domen Križaj from Slovenia was a prize winner in the singing competition Neue Stimmen, he moved to the Oper Frankfurt where he appeared as Massenet's Albert and Mozart's Papageno?

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... that the journalist Johann Georg Reißmüller, a co-publisher of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, is credited with playing an important part in Germany's recognition of Croatia and Slovenia?

... that South Korean businessman Chung Mong-won, an honorary consul of Slovenia, will be inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 2020?

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General images

The following are images from various Slovenia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Piran, a coast town (from Tourism in Slovenia)
Image 2Vače Situla, Hallstatt culture, 5th century BC (from History of Slovenia)
Image 3Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia between 1992 and 2002, and president of Slovenia between 2002 and 2007 (from History of Slovenia)
Image 4Lake Bled (from Tourism in Slovenia)
Image 5Slavic settlement in 631 under the Slavic King Samo. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 6The installation of the Dukes in Carinthia, carried out in an ancient ritual in Slovene until 1414. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 7Bronze breastplate, Hallstatt culture, 600 BC (from History of Slovenia)
Image 8Folk musician Lojze Slak (from Culture of Slovenia)
Image 9The Solkan Bridge, built in 1906 (from History of Slovenia)
Image 10The Sower (1907), by the Impressionist painter and musician Ivan Grohar, became a metaphor for the Slovenes and was a reflection of the transition from a rural to an urban culture. (from Culture of Slovenia)
Image 11Peter Kozler's map of the Slovene Lands, designed during the Spring of Nations in 1848, became the symbol of the quest for a United Slovenia. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 12The annexed western quarter of Slovene ethnic territory, and approximately 327,000 out of the total population of 1.3 million Slovenes, were subjected to forced Fascist Italianization. On the map of present-day Slovenia with its traditional regions' boundaries. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 13Planica (from Tourism in Slovenia)
Image 14A Romantic veduta of Mount Triglav by the Carinthian Slovene painter Markus Pernhart. In the Romantic era, Triglav became one of the symbols of Slovene identity. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 15The execution of Matija Gubec, leader of the Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt, in 1573. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 16Milan Kučan (from History of Slovenia)
Image 17Postojna Cave (from Tourism in Slovenia)
Image 18Danilo Türk (from History of Slovenia)
Image 19Slovenian dancers at the National Gallery in 2019 (from Culture of Slovenia)
Image 20Praetorian Palace in the 19th century (from Culture of Slovenia)
Image 21Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia (from History of Slovenia)
Image 22Janez Janša (from History of Slovenia)
Image 23The Ottoman army battling the Habsburgs in present-day Slovenia during the Great Turkish War. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 24Map of Slovenia with ancient Roman provinces and cities (as of 100 A.D.) in green and present-day frontiers in grey. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 25Triglav, the highest peak (from Tourism in Slovenia)
Image 26Traditional clothing and headgear of folk group in Kranj (from Culture of Slovenia)
Image 27Socialist Republic of Slovenia within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (from History of Slovenia)
Image 28The proclamation of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs at Congress Square in Ljubljana on 20 October 1918 (from History of Slovenia)
Image 29Members of the Catholic Orel association in Lower Carniola before World War One (from History of Slovenia)
Image 30Part of a late 19th century cannon (from History of Slovenia)
Image 31Ljubljana Marshes Wheel, c. 3150 BC (from History of Slovenia)
Image 32The Freising Manuscripts, dating from the 10th century A.D., most probably written in upper Carinthia, are the oldest surviving documents in Slovene. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 33Gold appliqués, Urnfield culture, c. 1200 BC. (from History of Slovenia)
Image 34The sculpture of the poet Valentin Vodnik (1758–1819) was created by Alojz Gangl in 1889 as part of Vodnik Monument, the first Slovene national monument. (from Culture of Slovenia)
Image 35Princely warrior equipment, Hallstatt culture (from History of Slovenia)

Selected picture

Image 1North side of Jalovec mountain in the Julian Alps, Slovenia
Image 2Tartini Square, Piran
Image 3Sora river in Škofja Loka
Image 4Lake Ribnica on Pohorje
Image 5Pietro Stanislao Parisi with family, by Giuseppe Tominz, 1849
Image 6Altar ceiling of St. George's Chapel, Ljubljana Castle
Image 7Panorama of Lake Palčje in southwestern Slovenia during high waters in early winter
Image 8The old part of Novo mesto with the Krka river
Image 9View from Šmarjetna Gora towards Škofja Loka
Image 10An alpine meadow in Julian Alps, with Prisojnik and Razor in the back

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Slovenia lists

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Cities and towns

Figures are based on the statistics from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia.^[1]

Rank	Name	Population			Traditional region
Rank	Name	2024 pop.	2011 pop.	Percentage change	Traditional region
1.	Ljubljana	288,382	272,220	5.94%	Upper and Lower Carniola
2.	Maribor	97,068	95,171	1.99%	Styria
3.	Kranj	37,802	36,874	2.52%	Upper Carniola
4.	Celje	37,727	37,520	0.55%	Styria
5.	Koper	26,305	24,996	5.24%	Slovene Littoral
6.	Velenje	25,473	25,456	0.07%	Styria
7.	Novo Mesto	24,446	23,341	4.73%	Lower Carniola
8.	Ptuj	18,274	18,164	0.61%	Styria
9.	Kamnik	13,807	13,644	1.19%	Upper Carniola
10.	Jesenice	13,778	13,440	2.51%	Upper Carniola
11.	Trbovlje	13,742	15,163	–9.37%	Styria
12.	Domžale	13,316	12,406	7.34%	Upper Carniola
13.	Nova Gorica	13,043	13,178	–1.02%	Slovene Littoral
14.	Škofja Loka	11,887	11,969	–0.69%	Upper Carniola
15.	Izola	11,489	11,223	2.37%	Slovene Littoral
16.	Murska Sobota	11,075	11,614	–4.64%	Prekmurje
17.	Logatec	10,144	8,942	13.44%	Inner Carniola
18.	Postojna	10,079	9,183	9.76%	Inner Carniola
19.	Vrhnika	9,125	8,413	8.46%	Inner Carniola
20.	Slovenska Bistrica	8,292	7,454	11.24%	Styria
21.	Kočevje	8,147	8,672	–6.05%	Lower Carniola
22.	Grosuplje	7,804	7,098	9.95%	Lower Carniola
23.	Slovenj Gradec	7,651	7,519	1.76%	Styria
24.	Mengeš	7,253	6,112	18.67%	Upper Carniola
25.	Ravne na Koroškem	7,183	6,979	2.93%	Carinthia
26.	Ajdovščina	7,072	6,656	6.25%	Slovene Littoral
27.	Brežice	6,961	6,573	5.9%	Styria
28.	Krško	6,884	7,097	–3%	Lower Carniola
29.	Litija	6,710	6,467	3.76%	Upper Carniola
30.	Sežana	6,146	5,531	11.12%	Slovene Littoral
31.	Radovljica	6,099	5,940	2.68%	Upper Carniola
32.	Zagorje ob Savi	6,037	6,439	–6.24%	Upper Carniola
33.	Idrija	5,793	5,955	–2.72%	Slovene Littoral
34.	Črnomelj	5,473	5,776	–5.25%	Lower Carniola
35.	Medvode	5,343	5,178	3.19%	Upper Carniola
36.	Slovenske Konjice	5,233	4,869	7.48%	Styria
37.	Bled	5,202	5,181	0.41%	Upper Carniola
38.	Rogaška Slatina	5,177	5,111	1.29%	Styria
39.	Žalec	5,082	4,943	2.81%	Styria
40.	Šentjur	5,007	4,762	5.14%	Styria
41.	Hrastnik	4,794	5,621	–14.71%	Styria
42.	Sevnica	4,591	4,660	–1.48%	Styria
43.	Prevalje	4,590	4,643	–1.14%	Carinthia
44.	Ilirska Bistrica	4,352	4,553	–4.41%	Inner Carniola
45.	Ruše	4,233	4,503	–6%	Styria
46.	Cerknica	4,132	3,928	5.19%	Inner Carniola
47.	Trebnje	3,938	3,477	13.26%	Lower Carniola
48.	Tržič	3,821	3,865	–1.14%	Upper Carniola
49.	Žiri	3,736	3,588	4.12%	Upper Carniola
50.	Ribnica	3,725	3,604	3.36%	Lower Carniola
51.	Piran	3,671	4,192	–12.43%	Slovene Littoral
52.	Šempeter pri Gorici	3,634	3,760	–3.35%	Slovene Littoral
53.	Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah	3,436	3,006	14.3%	Styria
54.	Laško	3,328	3,456	–3.7%	Styria
55.	Ljutomer	3,256	3,460	–5.9%	Styria
56.	Metlika	3,212	3,273	–1.86%	Lower Carniola
57.	Tolmin	3,196	3,534	–9.56%	Slovene Littoral
58.	Gornja Radgona	3,144	3,159	–0.47%	Styria
59.	Mežica	3,120	3,254	–4.12%	Carinthia
60.	Zreče	3,063	2,935	4.36%	Styria
61.	Šoštanj	3,052	2,880	5.97%	Styria
62.	Dravograd	3,051	3,289	–7.24%	Carinthia
63.	Železniki	2,906	3,075	–5.5%	Upper Carniola
64.	Lendava	2,818	3,129	–9.94%	Prekmurje
65.	Radeče	1,937	2,168	–10.66%	Lower Carniola
66.	Ormož	1,923	2,174	–11.55%	Styria
67.	Bovec	1,554	1,631	–4.72%	Slovene Littoral
68.	Višnja Gora	1,192	1,000	19.2%	Lower Carniola
69.	Kostanjevica na Krki	698	695	0.43%	Lower Carniola