Portal:Germany/Anniversaries/All

These are the selected anniversaries that appear on the Germany portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here. The calendar is used as table of contents.

Germany anniversaries (2024 calendar)

January 1

1652 – The German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina is founded
1894 – Death of physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
1900 – The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch becomes effective
2002 – Introduction of Euro coins and banknotes

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January 2

1822 – Birth of physicist Rudolf Clausius
1843 – Richard Wagner's opera The Flying Dutchman premieres in Dresden
1870 – Birth of sculptor Ernst Barlach

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January 3

1719 – Birth of Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, Archbishop of Mainz
1887 – Birth of expressionist painter August Macke
1969 – Birth of Formula One driver Michael Schumacher
1988 – Death of poet Rose Ausländer

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January 4

1785 – Birth of linguist and philologist Jacob Grimm, one of the Brothers Grimm
1919 – Death of politician Georg von Hertling
1940 – Birth of architect Helmut Jahn

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January 5

1846 – Birth of philosopher Rudolf Christoph Eucken, winner of the 1908 Nobel Prize for Literature
1876 – Birth of politician Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany 1949-1963
1970 – Death of physicist Max Born, winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics

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January 6

1205 – Philip of Swabia is crowned King of the Germans for the second time
1486 – Birth of composer Martin Agricola
1525 – Birth of reformer Caspar Peucer
1870 – Birth of Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of the Weimar Republic 1919-1920

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January 7

1706 – Birth of publisher Johann Heinrich Zedler
1831 – Birth of general post director Heinrich von Stephan, founder of the Universal Postal Union
1834 – Birth of scientist Johann Philipp Reis, inventor of the Reis telephone

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January 8

1557 – Death of Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
1632 – Birth of jurist and historian Samuel von Pufendorf
1794 – Death of jurist and social theorist Justus Möser
1891 – Birth of physicist Walther Bothe, winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics
1904 – Birth of Karl Brandt, personal physician of Adolf Hitler

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January 9

1890 – Birth of journalist Kurt Tucholsky
1897 – Birth of philosopher Karl Löwith
1908 – Death of artist Wilhelm Busch, best known for Max and Moritz
1929 – Birth of dramatist Heiner Müller

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January 10

1715 – Birth of poet and theologian Christian August Crusius
1721 – Birth of scholar Johann Philipp Baratier
1794 – Death of scientist and revolutionary Georg Forster
1797 – Birth of poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
1812 – Birth of architect Georg Hermann Nicolai

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January 11

1852 – Birth of politician Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of the Weimar Republic 1920-1921
1923 – The Occupation of the Ruhr starts with a French invasion of the Ruhr Area
1941 – Death of chess player Emanuel Lasker
2017 – The Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg is officially inaugurated

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January 12

1893 – Birth of Nazi politician and ideologist Alfred Rosenberg
1909 – Death of mathematician Hermann Minkowski
1919 – The Spartacist uprising is suppressed
1959 – Birth of Blixa Bargeld, singer of Einstürzende Neubauten

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January 13

1635 – Birth of theologian Philipp Jakob Spener, known as the "Father of Pietism"
1775 – Death of theologian Johann Georg Walch
1782 – Friedrich Schiller's drama Die Räuber premieres in Mannheim
1935 – A plebiscite in the Saar area approves accession to Nazi Germany

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January 14

1477 – Birth of Hermann of Wied, Archbishop of Cologne 1515-1546
1892 – Birth of theologian Martin Niemöller
1905 – Death of physicist Ernst Karl Abbe
2005 – Death of fashion designer Rudolph Moshammer

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January 15

1807 – Birth of zoologist and entomologist Hermann Burmeister
1863 – Birth of politician Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of the Weimar Republic
1919 – Revolutionaries Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg are murdered by Freikorps soldiers

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January 16

1477 – Birth of cartographer Johannes Schöner, who died on the same day in 1547
1838 – Birth of philosopher and psychologist Franz Brentano
1931 – Birth of politician Johannes Rau, President of Germany 1999-2004
1940 – Birth of politician Franz Müntefering
1945 – Adolf Hitler moves into the Führerbunker

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January 17

1463 – Birth of Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, known as the Wise
1484 – Birth of humanist George Spalatin
1737 – Death of architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, whose most famous work is the Zwinger in Dresden
1789 – Birth of theologian August Neander

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January 18

1701 – Frederick I is crowned King in Prussia
1871 – William I is crowned German Emperor in the Palace of Versailles
1914 – Birth of author Arno Schmidt
1919 – The Paris Peace Conference opens to negotiate peace in the aftermath of World War I
1995 – Death of biochemist Adolf Butenandt, winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on sex hormones

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January 19

1576 – Death of meistersinger Hans Sachs
1863 – Birth of economist and sociologist Werner Sombart
1874 – Death of poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, who wrote Das Lied der Deutschen
1919 – Elections for the constitutive assembly drafting the Weimar Constitution take place, the first election in Germany with full women's suffrage
1923 – Birth of Markus Wolf, head of the foreign intelligence section Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung of the GDR

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January 20

1488 – Birth of cartographer and cosmographer Sebastian Münster
1499 – Birth of humanist Sebastian Franck
1586 – Birth of composer Johann Hermann Schein
1783 – Birth of cellist and composer Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer
1942 – The Wannsee Conference meets and decides to implement the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question", starting the most deadly phase of the Holocaust

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January 21

1710 – Death of mystic Johann Georg Gichtel
1815 – Death of poet Matthias Claudius
1831 – Death of poet Ludwig Achim von Arnim
1851 – Death of composer Albert Lortzing

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January 22

1521 – The Diet of Worms is opened by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1536 – Bernhard Knipperdolling and other anabaptist leaders are tortured and executed in Münster
1729 – Birth of writer Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
1900 – Birth of singer and actor Ernst Busch
1963 – Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle sign the Élysée Treaty on Franco-German cooperation

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January 23

1793 – Prussia and Russia sign a treaty confirming the Second Partition of Poland
1840 – Birth of scientist and entrepreneur Ernst Abbe
1843 – Death of writer Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
1862 – Birth of mathematician David Hilbert

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January 24

1002 – Death of Holy Roman Emperor Otto III
1679 – Birth of philosopher Christian Wolff
1712 – Birth of Prussian King Frederick the Great
1776 – Birth of author E. T. A. Hoffmann
2000 – Launch of news channel N24

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January 25

1586 – Death of artist Lucas Cranach the Younger
1743 – Birth of philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
1886 – Birth of conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler

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January 26

1781 – Birth of poet Ludwig Achim von Arnim
1891 – Death of inventor Nicolaus Otto, known for his improvement of internal combustion engines
1912 – First performance of Der Rosenkavalier, a comic opera by Richard Strauss

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January 27

1687 – Birth of architect Balthasar Neumann, known for the Würzburg Residence
1814 – Death of philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte
1859 – Birth of William II, German Emperor
1972 – Death of mathematician Richard Courant

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January 28

0814 – Death of emperor Charlemagne
1077 – The excommunication of Henry IV is lifted after the Walk to Canossa
1540 – Birth of mathematician Ludolph van Ceulen, who calculated the first 35 digits of Pi
1755 – Birth of physician and anatomist Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, discoverer of the macula in the human eye

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January 29

1773 – Birth of mineralogist Friedrich Mohs
1810 – Birth of mathematician Ernst Kummer
1934 – Death of chemist Fritz Haber, winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

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January 30

1697 – Birth of flautist Johann Joachim Quantz
1933 – Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany in the Machtergreifung

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January 31

1665 – Death of theologian Johannes Clauberg
1884 – Birth of physicist Rudolf Mössbauer, winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics
1884 – Birth of Theodor Heuss, President of Germany 1949-1959

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February 1

1411 – The Peace of Thorn ends the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War
1733 – Death of Augustus II the Strong, Elector of Saxony (pictured)
1957 – First run of the prototype of the Wankel engine

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February 2

1700 – Birth of author and critic Johann Christoph Gottsched (pictured)
1943 – The Battle of Stalingrad ends with German surrender
1945 – Execution of politician Carl Friedrich Goerdeler

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February 3

1468 – Death of printer Johannes Gutenberg
1809 – Birth of composer Felix Mendelssohn (pictured)
1926 – Birth of politician Hans-Jochen Vogel

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February 4

0856 – Death of Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz
1708 – Bach's cantata Gott ist mein König is performed for the first time
1871 – Birth of Friedrich Ebert (pictured), first president of the Weimar Republic

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February 5

1705 – Death of theologian Philipp Jakob Spener (pictured), known as the "Father of Pietism"
1808 – Birth of painter Carl Spitzweg
1949 – Birth of politician Kurt Beck

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February 6

1887 – Birth of Josef Frings, Archbishop of Cologne
1899 – Death of Leo von Caprivi (pictured), Chancellor of Germany 1890-1894
1912 – Birth of Eva Braun, mistress of Adolf Hitler
1936 – The 1936 Winter Olympics open in Garmisch-Partenkirchen

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February 7

1626 – Death of William V, Duke of Bavaria
1825 – Birth of zoologist Karl Möbius (pictured)
1882 – Berlin Stadtbahn opens for regional traffic

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February 8

1876 – Birth of expressionist painter Paula Modersohn-Becker (pictured)
1880 – Birth of expressionist painter Franz Marc
1950 – The Stasi is founded as secret police of East Germany

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February 9

1781 – Birth of naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix (pictured)
1834 – Birth of author Felix Dahn
1905 – Death of artist Adolph Menzel

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February 10

1898 – Birth of poet and playwright Bertolt Brecht
1923 – Death of physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (pictured), winner of the first Nobel Prize in Physics

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February 11

1141 – Death of mystic Hugh of St Victor
1816 – Birth of printer and publisher Ernst Litfaß
1869 – Birth of poet and playwright Else Lasker-Schüler (pictured)
1919 – Friedrich Ebert is elected President of Germany

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February 12

1777 – Birth of writer Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué (pictured)
1804 – Death of philosopher Immanuel Kant
1916 – Death of mathematician Richard Dedekind

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February 13

1805 – Birth of mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (pictured)
1883 – Death of composer Richard Wagner
1945 – The bombing of Dresden starts

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February 14

1780 – Birth of scientist Johann Friedrich Naumann, considered the founder of ornithology
1895 – Birth of philosopher and sociologist Max Horkheimer
1943 – Death of mathematician David Hilbert (pictured)
1981 – The first episode of Wetten, dass..? is broadcast

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February 15

1637 – Death of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
1781 – Death of poet Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (pictured)
1909 – Birth of artist HAP Grieshaber

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February 16

1497 – Birth of theologian Philip Melanchthon (pictured), a key leader of the Lutheran Reformation
1821 – Birth of explorer Heinrich Barth
1826 – Birth of poet Joseph Victor von Scheffel

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February 17

1699 – Birth of painter and architect Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (pictured)
1752 – Birth of author Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
1888 – Birth of physicist Otto Stern, winner of the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physics

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February 18

1546 – Death of reformer Martin Luther (pictured)
1856 – Death of poet Heinrich Heine
1867 – Birth of writer Hedwig Courths-Mahler
1943 – Joseph Goebbels delivers the Sportpalast speech

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February 19

1660 – Birth of physician Friedrich Hoffmann
1837 – Birth of dramatist and revolutionary Georg Büchner
1877 – Birth of expressionist painter Gabriele Münter (pictured)

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February 20

1751 – Birth of poet and translator Johann Heinrich Voß (pictured), best known for his translation of Homer's Odyssey
1762 – Death of astronomer Tobias Mayer, famous for his studies of the Moon
1909 – Birth of actor and comedian Heinz Erhardt
1937 – Birth of biochemist Robert Huber, winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1972 – Death of physicist Maria Goeppert-Mayer, winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics

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February 21

1484 - Birth of elector Joachim I of Brandenburg
1880 - Birth of Waldemar Bonsels (pictured), author of Maya the Bee
1916 - The Battle of Verdun begins
1919 - Assassination of politician Kurt Eisner, the first minister-president of Bavaria

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February 22

1840 - Birth of Social democratic politician August Bebel
1857 - Birth of physicist Heinrich Hertz (pictured), discoverer of electromagnetic radiation
1902 - Birth of physicist Fritz Strassmann, co-discoverer of nuclear fission
1943 - White Rose resistance fighters Christoph Probst and Hans and Sophie Scholl are tried and executed
1972 - Birth of speed skater Claudia Pechstein, winner of five olympic gold medals

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February 23

1855 - Death of Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, astronomer, and physicist
1893 - Rudolf Diesel is granted a patent for the Diesel engine
1899 - Birth of author Erich Kästner (pictured), known for his children's books such as Lottie and Lisa
1945 - Birth of Georg Milbradt, minister-president of Saxony

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February 24

1622 - Birth of theologian and philosopher Johannes Clauberg
1786 - Birth of philologist Wilhelm Grimm, known for Deutsches Wörterbuch and Grimm's Fairy Tales
1799 - Death of scientist and aphorist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (pictured)
1920 - The NSDAP is created by the renaming of the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
2005 - Death of former minister of state Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski

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February 25

1591 - Birth of Friedrich von Spee, Jesuit writer who opposed the witch trials
1842 - Birth of Karl May (pictured), best-selling German author of Winnetou
1913 - Birth of Gert Fröbe, the actor who played Goldfinger

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February 26

1829 - Death of painter Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein (pictured), known for his portrait of Goethe
1931 - Death of Otto Wallach, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1924 - The trial against Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff for the Beer Hall putsch begins
1935 - The Luftwaffe is re-founded in a violation of the Treaty of Versailles.

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February 27

1531 - Establishment of the Schmalkaldic League, a defensive league of protestant princes
1900 - Foundation of FC Bayern Munich, Germany's most successful football club
1905 - Inauguration of Berlin Cathedral (pictured)
1933 - The Reichstag burns down in the Reichstag fire

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February 28

1746 - Death of historian Hermann von der Hardt
1833 - Birth of field marshal Alfred Graf von Schlieffen (pictured), strategist of the Schlieffen Plan
1900 - Birth of sailplane designer Wolf Hirth
1944 - Birth of Sepp Maier, goalkeeper of the German national football team in the Football World Cup 1974
2002 - Last day on which the German Mark is accepted as a form of payment

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February 29

1528 - Birth of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (pictured), a leader of the German Counter-Reformation
1820 - Death of literary critic and historian Johann Joachim Eschenburg
1868 - Death of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, whose 1810 wedding was the occasion of the first Oktoberfest

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March 1

1547 - Birth of scholastic philosopher Rudolph Goclenius, inventor of the terms ontology and psychology
1768 - Death of philosopher Hermann Samuel Reimarus
1858 - Birth of sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel (pictured)
1933 - Alleged birth of member of parliament Jakob Maria Mierscheid (SPD)

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March 2

1830 - Death of physician Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, discoverer of the macula in the eye
1840 - Death of astronomer Heinrich Olbers, after whom Olbers' paradox is named
1900 - Birth of composer Kurt Weill (pictured)
1940 - Birth of Lothar de Maizière, the last Prime Minister of the GDR

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March 3

1918 - The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (pictured) is signed by Russia and the Central Powers
1845 - Birth of mathematician Georg Cantor, one of the founders of set theory
1871 - First election for the Reichstag of the German Empire

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March 4

1152 - Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans.
1793 - Birth of philologist and critic Karl Lachmann
1879 - Birth of Bernhard Kellermann (pictured), author of Der Tunnel
1936 - First flight of zeppelin LZ 129 Hindenburg, one of the two largest flying crafts every built
1941 - Death of pacifist Ludwig Quidde, recipient of the 1927 Nobel Peace Prize

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March 5

1871 - Birth of Socialist revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg (pictured), co-founder of the Spartacus League
1904 - Birth of Catholic theologian Karl Rahner
1815 - Death of physician Franz Mesmer
1922 - Premiere of F. W. Murnau's silent movie Nosferatu

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March 6

1459 - Birth of banker Jacob Fugger the Rich (pictured)
1787 - Birth of physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, discoverer of the Fraunhofer lines
1900 - Death of engineer Gottlieb Daimler, pioneer of the automobile

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March 7

1902 - Birth of actor and singer Heinz Rühmann
1940 - Birth of Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund leader Rudi Dutschke (pictured)
1945 - American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen and begin to cross the Rhine
1954 - Death of chemist Otto Diels, recipient of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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March 8

1714 - Birth of composer Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach
1879 - Birth of physicist Otto Hahn, one of the discoverers of nuclear fission and Nobel Prize laureate
1917 - Death of aviation pioneer Ferdinand von Zeppelin (pictured)

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March 9

1276 - Augsburg (pictured) becomes an Imperial Free City
1758 - Birth of neuroanatomist Franz Joseph Gall
1930 - Kurt Weill's opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny is performed for the first time
1988 - Death of politician Kurt Georg Kiesinger, chancellor of Germany during the first grand coalition

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March 10

1772 - Birth of Romantic philosopher and poet Friedrich von Schlegel
1788 - Birth of poet and novelist Joseph von Eichendorff
1864 - Death of king Maximilian II of Bavaria (pictured)
1927 - Birth of soccer coach Jupp Derwall

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March 11

1405 - The city of Frankfurt buys the Römer (pictured) house to use as a city hall
1894 - Birth of Otto Grotewohl, first minister-president of the GDR
1907 - Birth of Kreisau Circle member Helmuth James von Moltke
1931 - Death of silent film director F. W. Murnau
1931 - Birth of children's book author Janosch

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March 12

1607 - Birth of hymn writer Paul Gerhardt (pictured)
1824 - Birth of physicist Gustav Kirchhoff
1938 - German troops occupy Austria in the Anschluss
1950- Death of writer Heinrich Mann

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March 13

1719 - Death of alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger (pictured)
1781 - Birth of neoclassicist architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1952 - Birth of composer Wolfgang Rihm
2002 - Death of philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer

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March 14

1803 - Death of poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (pictured)
1854 - Birth of scientist Paul Ehrlich, recipient of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his development of chemotherapy
1879 - Birth of physicist Albert Einstein
1883 - Death of philosopher and political theorist Karl Marx

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March 15

1830 - Birth of writer Paul Heyse, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature
1821 - Birth of mathematician Eduard Heine
1900 - Death of mathematician Elwin Bruno Christoffel
1963 - Birth of football referee Markus Merk
1991 - Germany regains full sovereignty due to the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany

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March 16

1789 - Birth of physicist Georg Simon Ohm
1920 - Birth of Dorothea Binz, supervisor at Ravensbrück concentration camp
1920 - Birth of Traudl Junge, secretary of Adolf Hitler
1935 - Adolf Hitler introduces conscription in Germany to form the Wehrmacht
1945 - More than 90% of Würzburg is destroyed in an air raid

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March 17

1804 - Friedrich Schiller's drama Wilhelm Tell premieres in Weimar
1834 - Birth of engineer and inventor Gottlieb Daimler
1846 - Death of mathematician and astronomer Friedrich Bessel
1926 - Birth of writer Siegfried Lenz

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March 18

1733 - Birth of writer and bookseller Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
1813 - Birth of dramatist Christian Friedrich Hebbel
1858 - Birth of inventor Rudolf Diesel
1940 - Hitler and Mussolini meet on the Brenner Pass to publicly celebrate their pact
1990 - The first free elections to the Volkskammer are held in the German Democratic Republic

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March 19

1649 - Death of classical scholar and theologian Gerhard Johann Vossius
1849 - Birth of admiral Alfred von Tirpitz
1873 - Birth of composer and organist Max Reger
1937 - Birth of politician Egon Krenz, last leader of the German Democratic Republic
1945 - Adolf Hitler issues the Nero Decree, a scorched earth directive

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March 20

1239 - Death of Hermann von Salza, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
1770 - Birth of Friedrich Hölderlin
1890 - Otto von Bismarck resigns his office as Chancellor of Germany and is succeeded by Leo von Caprivi
1916 – Albert Einstein publishes his paper on the special theory of relativity
1931 - Death of former Chancellor Hermann Müller

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March 21

1685 - Birth of composer Johann Sebastian Bach
1927 - Birth of politician Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Foreign Minister of Germany during the German reunification
1763 - Birth of poet Jean Paul
1751 - Death of publisher Johann Heinrich Zedler, publisher of the Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon encyclopedia

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March 22

1797 - Birth of Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany (pictured)
1799 - Birth of astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
1832 - Death of writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1935 - The world's first regular television service, Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow, starts broadcasting
1937 - Birth of athlete Armin Hary, first man to run 100 m in 10.0 s

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March 23

1881 - Birth of chemist Hermann Staudinger, recipient of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1882 - Birth of mathematician Emmy Noether (pictured)
1900 - Birth of psychoanalyst Erich Fromm
1912 - Birth of rocket scientist Wernher von Braun
1933 - The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany

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March 24

1490 - Birth of scientist Georg Agricola (pictured)
1882 - Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis
1927 - Birth of author Martin Walser
1955 - Death of politician Otto Gessler

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March 25

1699 - Birth of composer Johann Adolph Hasse
1798 - Birth of mathematician Christoph Gudermann
1801 - Death of Romantic author Friedrich von Hardenberg, known as Novalis
1957 - The Treaty of Rome is signed, establishing the European Economic Community

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March 26

1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor
1827 - Death of Ludwig van Beethoven
1949 - Birth of writer Patrick Süskind, author of Perfume
1995 - The Schengen Treaty goes into effect

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March 27

1765 - Birth of philosopher and theologian Franz Xaver von Baader
1845 - Birth of physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, recipient of the 1901 Nobel Prize for Physics
1847 - Birth of chemist Otto Wallach, recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
1871 - Birth of writer Heinrich Mann
1886 - Birth of architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

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March 28

1802 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers asteroid 2 Pallas
1849 - The Frankfurt Parliament passes a constitution for Germany
1897 - Birth of football coach Sepp Herberger
1996 - Death of philosopher Hans Blumenberg

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March 29

1826 - Birth of politician Wilhelm Liebknecht, one of the founders of the SPD
1895 - Birth of writer Ernst Jünger
1912 - Birth of test and glider pilot Hanna Reitsch
1930 - Heinrich Brüning is appointed Chancellor of Germany
1982 - Death of composer Carl Orff, best known for Carmina Burana

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March 30

1559 - Death of mathematician Adam Ries
1864 - Birth of sociologist Franz Oppenheimer
1912 - Death of author Karl May
1984 - Death of theologian Karl Rahner

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March 31

1811 - Birth of chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
1819 - Birth of statesman Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany 1894-1900
1917 - Death of physician Emil Adolf von Behring, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1939 - Birth of film director Volker Schlöndorff

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April 1

1963 - The ZDF television channel starts broadcasting
1931 - Birth of author Rolf Hochhuth, known for his play The Deputy
1815 - Birth of statesman Otto von Bismarck, minister-president of Prussia and first Chancellor of Germany
2005 - Death of entertainer Harald Juhnke

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April 2

1647 - Birth of naturalist and illustrator Maria Sibylla Merian
1798 - Birth of poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, author of Das Lied der Deutschen
1891 - Birth of painter Max Ernst
1914 - Death of writer Paul Heyse

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April 3

1827 - Death of physicist Ernst Chladni, known for the Chladni patterns
1833 - The Frankfurter Wachensturm fails
1892 - Birth of mathematician Hans Rademacher
1885 - Gottlieb Daimler is granted a patent for his engine design.
1897 - Death of Romantic composer Johannes Brahms

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April 4

1785 - Birth of writer Bettina von Arnim
1854 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's closet drama Faust, Part 2 premieres in Hamburg
1870 - Death of scientist Heinrich Gustav Magnus
1932 - Death of chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, recipient of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1981 - Death of mathematician Carl Ludwig Siegel

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April 5

1877 - The Blohm & Voss shipbuilding company is founded
1908 - Germany's national football team plays its first game and loses 3-5 to Switzerland
1934 - Birth of judge and politician Roman Herzog, President of Germany 1994-1999
1978 - Birth of swimmer Franziska van Almsick
1986 - The bombing of the La Belle Discotheque in Berlin kills three and injures 230

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April 6

1878 - Birth of author Erich Mühsam
1884 - Death of poet Emanuel Geibel
1911 - Birth of biochemist Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1972 - Death of former President of Germany Heinrich Lübke
1980 - Germany observes Daylight saving time for the first time

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April 7

1724 - The Johannespassion by Johann Sebastian Bach is performed for the first time
1885 - Death of physiologist Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold
1944 - Birth of politician Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany 1998-2005
1977 - German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback is assassinated by the Red Army Faction
1994 - Death of historian Golo Mann

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April 8

1835 - Death of Wilhelm von Humboldt, founder of Humboldt University
1859 - Birth of philosopher Edmund Husserl, known as the "father" of phenomenology
1897 - Death of Heinrich von Stephan, one of the founders of the Universal Postal Union
1992 - Death of literary scholar and philosopher Käte Hamburger

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April 9

1794 - Birth of Theobald Boehm, inventor of the modern flute
1886 - Death of poet Joseph Viktor von Scheffel
1936 - Death of sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies
1945 - Lutheran pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer is hanged at Flossenbürg concentration camp
1945 - Georg Elser, who had attempted to kill Adolf Hitler, is executed at Dachau concentration camp

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April 10

1651 - Birth of scientist Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
1807 - Death of Anna Amalia, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach
1883 - AEG is founded as Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität
1913 - Birth of writer Stefan Heym
1924 - Death of industrialist Hugo Stinnes

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April 11

1825 – Birth of politician Ferdinand Lassalle
1895 – Death of chemist Julius Lothar Meyer
1945 – Liberation of Buchenwald concentration camp
1949 – Birth of film producer Bernd Eichinger
1968 – Student leader Rudi Dutschke is shot and wounded in Berlin

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April 12

1928 – Birth of actor Hardy Krüger
1948 – Birth of politician Joschka Fischer, Federal Foreign Minister 1998–2005
1956 – Birth of singer and actor Herbert Grönemeyer
1990 – Lothar de Maizière becomes the first democratically elected minister-president of the GDR
1999 – Five people die in the first serious accident on the Schwebebahn Wuppertal in almost 100 years

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April 13

1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
1784 - Friedrich Schiller's play Kabale und Liebe premieres in Frankfurt
1826 - Death of composer Franz Danzi
1945 - Death of philosopher Ernst Cassirer
1960 - Birth of football player and coach Rudi Völler

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April 14

0972 - Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor marries Theophanu, niece of the Eastern Roman Emperor John I Tzimisces
1759 - Death of composer Georg Friedrich Händel
1783 - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's play Nathan der Weise premieres in Berlin
1868 - Birth of architect and designer Peter Behrens
1886 - Birth of philologist Ernst Robert Curtius

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April 15

1659 - Death of poet Simon Dach
1832 - Birth of artist and poet Wilhelm Busch, author of Max and Moritz
1874 - Birth of physicist Johannes Stark, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physics and supporter of the Deutsche Physik agenda
1920 - Birth of politician Richard von Weizsäcker, President of Germany 1984-1994
1945 - British forces liberate the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp

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April 16

1823 - Birth of mathematician Ferdinand Eisenstein
1886 - Birth of communist politician Ernst Thälmann
1922 - The Treaty of Rapallo is signed, re-establishing relations between Germany and Russia
1927 - Birth of Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI
1945 - The refugee ship Goya is sunk by a Soviet submarine, killing more than 6,000
1947 - Execution of Rudolf Höß, commander of the Auschwitz concentration camp

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April 17

1521 - Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings.
1574 - Death of classical scholar Joachim Camerarius
1794 - Birth of botanist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
1870 - Birth of architect Max Berg, who built the Hala Ludowa in Wrocław
1899 - Death of mathematician Wilhelm Jordan

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April 18

1567 - Death of adventurer Wilhelm von Grumbach
1873 - Death of chemist Justus von Liebig
1947 - British units attempt to destroy the island of Heligoland in a large explosion
1955 - Death of physicist Albert Einstein, winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics

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April 19

1529 - In the Protestation at Speyer, a group of rulers and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms
1560 - Death of theologian Philip Melanchthon
1922 - Birth of World War II ace Erich Hartmann
1967 - Death of Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany 1949–1963
2005 - Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger is elected Pope Benedict XVI

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April 20

1494 - Birth of Protestant reformer Johannes Agricola
1643 - Death of composer Christoph Demantius
1889 - Birth of Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler
1918 - Death of physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun, recipient of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics
1998 - The terrorist group Red Army Faction announces their dissolution

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April 21

1488 - Birth of Imperial Knight and humanist Ulrich von Hutten
1864 - Birth of sociologist Max Weber
1900 - Birth of Nazi journalist Hans Fritzsche
1918 - The Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen is shot down
1946 - In the Soviet occupation zone, KPD and SPD are united to form the SED

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April 22

1401 - Capture of Klaus Störtebeker
1724 - Birth of philosopher Immanuel Kant
1915 - Germany becomes the first nation to use chemical weapons in the Second Battle of Ypres
1945 - Death of artist Käthe Kollwitz
1980 - Death of physicist Fritz Strassmann, one of the discoverers of nuclear fission

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April 23

1516 - The Reinheitsgebot beer purity law is decreed by William IV, Duke of Bavaria
1805 - Birth of philosopher Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz
1858 - Birth of physicist Max Planck, winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics
1895 - Death of physician Carl Ludwig

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April 24

1889 - Birth of resistance fighter Johanna Kirchner
1918 - Birth of oceanographer and ecologist Elisabeth Mann-Borgese
1960 - Death of physicist Max von Laue, recipient of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics
1964 - Death of bacteriologist and pathologist Gerhard Domagk, who declined the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine under pressure of Nazi authorities
1974 - East German spy Günter Guillaume is arrested
1982 - Nicole becomes the first German candidate to win the Eurovision Song Contest

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April 25

1228 - Birth of king Conrad IV of Germany
1849 - Birth of mathematician Felix Klein
1945 - Elbe Day: Soviet and American troops meet near Torgau
1952 - Baden-Württemberg is founded by the merging of Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern

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April 26

1787 - Birth of poet Ludwig Uhland
1925 - Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected Reichspräsident
1933 - Establishment of the Gestapo as secret police of Nazi Germany
1951 - Death of physicist Arnold Sommerfeld (pictured)
2002 - 17 people die in the Erfurt spree killing

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April 27

1764 - Birth of publisher Johann Friedrich Cotta
1812 - Birth of composer Friedrich von Flotow
1921 - Birth of actor and TV show host Hans-Joachim Kulenkampff
1972 - The constructive vote of no confidence against Willy Brandt fails
2003 - Death of theologian Dorothee Sölle

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April 28

1753 - Birth of Franz Karl Achard, discoverer of the production of sugar from sugar beets
1853 - Death of writer Ludwig Tieck
1858 - Death of physiologist Johannes Peter Müller
1908 - Birth of industrialist Oskar Schindler
1977 - Death of football player and manager Sepp Herberger

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April 29

1688 - Death of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, commonly known as the Great Elector (Großer Kurfürst)
1785 - Birth of inventor Karl Drais
1837 - Birth of merchant Hermann Tietz
1929 - Birth of author Walter Kempowski
1945 - Liberation of Dachau concentration camp

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April 30

1777 - Birth of mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauß
1865 - Birth of anarchist and historian Max Nettlau
1916 - Germany is the first country to switch to daylight saving time
1945 - Suicides of Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun
1991 - Production of the last Trabant car

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May 1

1218 - Birth of King Rudolph I of Germany
1776 - The Illuminati are founded by Adam Weishaupt
1915 - Birth of employer representative Hanns Martin Schleyer, kidnapped by the RAF in the German Autumn
1945 - Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels and his wife Magda murder their children and commit suicide

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May 2

1602 - Birth of Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher
1772 - Birth of romantic author Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg)
1886 - Birth of author Gottfried Benn
1892 - Birth of Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen
1945 - Capitulation of German forces in Berlin after the Battle of Berlin

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May 3

1761 - Birth of dramatist August von Kotzebue (pictured)
1793 - Death of theologian Martin Gerbert
1849 - Birth of Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of Germany 1900-1909
1907 - Death of merchant Hermann Tietz
1979 - Premiere of Volker Schlöndorff's film adaptation of The Tin Drum

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May 4

1772 - Birth of encyclopedia publisher Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus
1900 - 1. FC Nürnberg is founded
1904 - FC Schalke 04 is founded in Gelsenkirchen
1938 - Death of pacifist Carl von Ossietzky, recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize
1956 - Birth of high jumper Ulrike Meyfarth

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May 5

1818 - Birth of philosopher Karl Marx
1859 - Death of mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
1892 - Death of chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1944 - Death of automobile pioneer Bertha Benz, commemorated by a Bertha Benz Memorial Route since 2008.
1955 - West Germany becomes sovereign
1964 - Birth of high jump athlete Heike Henkel

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May 6

1796 - Death of writer Adolf Freiherr Knigge, known for his book Über den Umgang mit Menschen
1871 - Birth of poet Christian Morgenstern
1880 - Birth of painter Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
1937 - 36 people die in the Hindenburg disaster
1992 - Death of actress Marlene Dietrich

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May 7

1523 - Death of knight Franz von Sickingen
1617 - Death of astronomer David Fabricius
1833 - Birth of composer Johannes Brahms
1915 - A German submarine sinks the RMS Lusitania, about 1200 people die
1998 - The merger of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler Corporation to form DaimlerChrysler is announced

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May 8

1521 - Birth of theologian Petrus Canisius
1928 - Birth of politician Manfred Gerlach, Staatsratsvorsitzender der DDR 1989-1990
1936 - Death of historian and philosopher Oswald Spengler
1945 - Victory in Europe Day: The unconditional surrender of German forces ends World War II in Europe
1976 - Death of Red Army Faction terrorist Ulrike Meinhof

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May 9

1805 - Death of poet Friedrich Schiller
1837 - Birth of engineer and industrialist Adam Opel
1907 - Birth of Nazi youth leader Baldur von Schirach
1921 - Birth of resistance fighter Sophie Scholl
1955 - West Germany joins the NATO

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May 10

1521 - Death of humanist and satirist Sebastian Brant, author of the Ship of Fools
1566 - Death of botanist Leonhart Fuchs
1760 - Birth of poet Johann Peter Hebel
1878 - Birth of politician Gustav Stresemann, Chancellor of Germany 1923 and recipient of the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize
1933 - Nazis and like-minded professors and students start the book burning on the Opernplatz in Berlin

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May 11

1720 – Birth of Baron von Münchhausen
1752 – Birth of anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
1901 – Birth of poet Rose Ausländer
1916 – Death of composer Max Reger
1916 – Death of astronomer and physicist Karl Schwarzschild

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May 12

1885 – Death of composer Ferdinand Hiller
1900 – Birth of actress Helene Weigel
1921 – Birth of artist Joseph Beuys
1949 – The Berlin Blockade ends shortly after midnight
1970 – Death of writer Nelly Sachs, recipient of the 1966 Nobel Prize for Literature

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May 13

1885 – Death of physician Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
1905 – Birth of physicist Kurt Diebner
1934 – Birth of legal scholar Peter Häberle
1947 – Birth of Irmgard Möller, member of the Red Army Faction
1965 – The Bundesgerichtshof refuses to open a trial against Rudolf Augstein, ending the Spiegel scandal

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May 14

1832 – Birth of mathematician Rudolf Lipschitz
1847 – Death of pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn
1867 – Birth of politician Kurt Eisner
1927 – The SS Cap Arcona is launched at the Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg
1970 – Andreas Baader escapes from custody in one of the founding acts of the Red Army Faction

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May 15

1381 – Death of robber baron Eppelein von Gailingen
1874 – Birth of Richard Schirrmann, founder of the first youth hostel
1944 – Birth of sociologist Ulrich Beck
1955 – Birth of Green Party politician Claudia Roth
1991 – Death of mathematician Andreas Floer

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May 16

1925 – Birth of illustrator and caricaturist Hannes Hegen, creator of Mosaik
1936 – Birth of Karl Lehmann, Bishop of Mainz and chairman of the Congregation of the German Bishops
1950 – Birth of physicist Johannes Georg Bednorz, recipient of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics
1974 – Helmut Schmidt is elected Chancellor of Germany

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May 17

Gotthard Kettler

1587 – Death of Gotthard Kettler, last master of the Livonian Order
1706 – Birth of historian Andreas Felix von Oefele
1821 – Birth of naturopathist Sebastian Kneipp
1946 – Birth of musician Udo Lindenberg

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May 18

1733 – Death of organist Georg Böhm
1848 – First meeting of the Frankfurt Parliament in the Paulskirche
1883 – Birth of Walter Gropius, founder of the Bauhaus
1941 – Death of economist and sociologist Werner Sombart
1950 – Birth of actor and show host Thomas Gottschalk

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May 19

1762 – Birth of philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte
1891 – Birth of World War I flying ace Oswald Boelcke
1935 – The first section of the Autobahn system is opened
1993 – Heide Simonis becomes minister-president of Schleswig-Holstein as the first woman to hold such a post

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May 20

1820 – Execution of radical liberal student Karl Ludwig Sand, the murderer of August von Kotzebue
1860 – Birth of chemist Eduard Buchner, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1896 – Death of pianist Clara Schumann
1921 – Birth of author and playwright Wolfgang Borchert
1961 – Death of World War II ace Josef Priller

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May 21

0996 – Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
1471 – Birth of artist Albrecht Dürer
1873 – Birth of neurologist Hans Berger, inventor of electroencephalography
1936 – Birth of biologist Günter Blobel, winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1945 – Birth of astronaut Ernst Messerschmid

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May 22

1813 – Birth of composer Richard Wagner
1868 – Death of mathematician and physicist Julius Plücker
1880 – Death of politician Heinrich von Gagern
1939 – The Pact of Steel between Italy and Germany is signed
1939 – Death of author Ernst Toller

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May 23

1848 – Birth of aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal
1873 – Birth of rabbi Leo Baeck
1900 – Birth of war criminal Hans Frank, Governor-General of occupied Poland
1949 – Proclamation of the Basic Law and founding of the Federal Republic of Germany
1965 – Birth of film director Tom Tykwer

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May 24

1686 – Birth of physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit
1734 – Death of chemist Georg Ernst Stahl
1810 – Birth of rabbi Abraham Geiger
1909 – Death of explorer and scientist Georg von Neumayer
1945 – Birth of New Forum founder Bärbel Bohley

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May 25

1595 – Death of poet and critic Valens Acidalius
1848 – Death of poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
1882 – Birth of diplomat Ernst von Weizsäcker
1988 – Death of physicist Ernst Ruska, recipient of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics

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May 26

1700 – Birth of social reformer and bishop Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf
1894 – Emanuel Lasker becomes World Chess Champion, a title that he will hold for 27 years
1923 – Birth of actor Horst Tappert, best known as Derrick
1976 – Death of philosopher Martin Heidegger
1997 – Death of scientist and inventor Manfred von Ardenne

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May 27

1525 – Death of Thomas Müntzer, rebel leader during the German Peasants' War
1576 – Birth of scholar Caspar Schoppe
1676 – Death of hymn writer Paul Gerhardt
1756 – Birth of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1928 – Death of mathematician Arthur Moritz Schoenflies

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May 28

1862 – Birth of architect Theodor Fischer
1869 – Death of theologian Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg
1987 – Mathias Rust evades Soviet Union air defenses and lands a private plane in Red Square in Moscow
1925 – Birth of baritone singer Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

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May 29

1794 – Birth of astronomer Johann Heinrich von Mädler
1880 – Birth of historian Oswald Spengler, best known for The Decline of the West
1933 – Birth of conductor Helmuth Rilling
1934 – Synod of the Confessing Church in Barmen starts, leading to the Barmen declaration
1994 – Death of East German leader Erich Honecker

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May 30

1800 – Birth of mathematician Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach
1832 – End of the Hambacher Fest democratic meeting
1910 – Birth of actress Inge Meysel
1968 – The German Emergency Acts are passed
1992 – Death of former president Karl Carstens

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May 31

1740 — Death of "soldier king" Frederick William I of Prussia
1773 — Birth of poet Ludwig Tieck
1903 — VfB Leipzig becomes the first German football champion
1916 — German and British navies clash in the Battle of Jutland
1945 — Birth of movie director Rainer Werner Fassbinder

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June 1

1639 – Death of composer Melchior Franck
1927 – The Hindenburgdamm connecting Sylt to the mainland is opened
1947 – Birth of singer-songwriter Konstantin Wecker
1973 – Birth of supermodel Heidi Klum
1979 – Death of physician Werner Forssmann, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2000 – The Expo 2000 world fair opens in Hanover

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June 2

1878 – Anarchist Karl Nobiling attempts to assassinate Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany
1885 – Birth of neuropathologist Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt
1917 – Birth of zoologist and filmmaker Heinz Sielmann
1920 – Birth of literary critic and Warsaw Ghetto survivor Marcel Reich-Ranicki
1967 – Benno Ohnesorg is shot by a policeman during a demonstration

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June 3

1858 – Death of composer Julius Reubke
1873 – Birth of pharmacologist Otto Loewi, winner of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1970 – Death of Reichsbank president and politician Hjalmar Schacht
1971 – Death of mathematician Heinz Hopf
1998 – 101 people die in the Eschede train disaster

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June 4

1792 – Death of Sturm und Drang writer Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
1875 – Death of romantic poet Eduard Mörike
1877 – Birth of chemist Heinrich Otto Wieland, winner of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1882 – Birth of comedian Karl Valentin
1942 – Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich is assassinated in Operation Anthropoid

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June 5

1493 – Birth of Protestant reformer Justus Jonas
1722 – Death of composer Johann Kuhnau
1781 – Birth of classical scholar Christian Lobeck
1945 – The Allied Control Council assumes control over Germany
2003 – Death of FDP politician Jürgen Möllemann

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June 6

1436 – Birth of mathematician Regiomontanus
1843 – Death of poet Friedrich Hölderlin
1850 – Birth of physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics
1944 – D-Day: The Battle of Normandy begins
1946 – Death of dramatist Gerhart Hauptmann, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature

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June 7

1676 – Death of hymnist Paul Gerhardt
1826 – Death of physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, discoverer of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum
1843 – Death of lyric poet Friedrich Hölderlin
1862 – Birth of physicist Philipp Lenard, winner of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physics and outspoken proponent of Deutsche Physik
1951 – Oswald Pohl is executed for war crimes, having been found guilty in the Pohl Trial

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June 8

1727 – Death of theologian August Hermann Francke, important figure of Pietism
1768 – Death of classical scholar Johann Joachim Winckelmann
1810 – Birth of composer Robert Schumann
1815 – The German Confederation is founded at the Congress of Vienna
1937 – Carl Orff's Carmina Burana premieres in Frankfurt
1980 – Death of singer and actor Ernst Busch

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June 9

1810 – Birth of composer Carl Otto Nicolai
1812 – Birth of astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle, one of the discoverers of Neptune
1881 – Birth of navy officer and author Felix von Luckner
1959 – Death of chemist Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus, recipient of the 1928 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1978 – Birth of football forward Miroslav Klose

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June 10

1190 – Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor dies while crossing the Saleph River
1804 – Birth of ornithologist Hermann Schlegel
1924 – Birth of computer scientist Friedrich L. Bauer
1929 – Birth of actor and comedian Harald Juhnke
1982 – Death of film director Rainer Werner Fassbinder

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June 11

1723 – Birth of astronomer Johann Georg Palitzsch
1842 – Birth of engineer Carl von Linde, known for his contributions to refrigeration
1856 – Death of philologist Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen
1864 – Birth of composer Richard Strauss

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June 12

1878 – Death of George V of Hanover, last king of Hanover
1929 – Birth of Holocaust victim Anne Frank, known for her diaries
1942 – Birth of cell physiologist Bert Sakmann, winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1952 – Death of Michael von Faulhaber, cardinal archbishop of Munich and Freising

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June 13

1809 – Birth of Heinrich Hoffmann, author of Struwwelpeter
1878 – Beginning of the Congress of Berlin
1878 – Birth of poet Bruno Frank
1886 – Death of King Ludwig II of Bavaria on Lake Starnberg
1937 – Birth of football manager Erich Ribbeck

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June 14

1800 – Friedrich Schiller's play Maria Stuart premieres in Weimar
1832 – Birth of inventor Nikolaus Otto
1920 – Death of sociologist Max Weber
1940 – The first prisoners arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp
1969 – Birth of tennis player Steffi Graf

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June 15

1624 – Birth of orientalist Hiob Ludolf
1829 – Death of author Therese Huber
1888 – Death of Emperor Friedrich III of Germany
1969 – Birth of football goalkeeper Oliver Kahn

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June 16

1801 – Birth of mathematician Julius Plücker
1804 – Death of composer Johann Adam Hiller
1900 – Opening of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal
1972 – RAF terrorist Ulrike Meinhof is captured in Langenhagen
1977 – Death of rocket scientist Wernher von Braun

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June 17

1810 – Birth of writer Ferdinand Freiligrath
1898 – Birth of crystallographer Carl Hermann
1953 – The Uprising in East Germany is crushed by Soviet military
2002 – Death of football player Fritz Walter, captain of the German team in the 1954 FIFA World Cup

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June 18

1887 – Germany and Russia agree on the Reinsurance Treaty
1916 – Death of World War I ace Max Immelmann
1927 – Inauguration of the Nürburgring race track
1929 – Birth of sociologist Jürgen Habermas

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June 19

1762 – Death of composer Johann Ernst Eberlin
1792 – Birth of writer Gustav Schwab, best known for Sagen des klassischen Altertums
1811 – The first Turnfest gymnastics festival is organized by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
1978 – Birth of basketball player Dirk Nowitzki

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June 20

1808 – Birth of rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch
1819 – Birth of composer Jacques Offenbach
1887 – Birth of artist Kurt Schwitters
1940 – Birth of theologian Eugen Drewermann
1941 – Birth of astronaut Ulf Merbold, first West German in space

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June 21

1826 – Birth of explorer Georg von Neumayer
1863 – Birth of astronomer Max Wolf
1870 – Birth of chemist Clara Immerwahr
1957 – Death of physicist Johannes Stark, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physics

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June 22

1767 – Birth of statesman Wilhelm von Humboldt
1864 – Birth of mathematician Hermann Minkowski
1910 – Birth of computer pioneer Konrad Zuse
1941 – Start of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union
1974 – East Germany beats West Germany 1–0 in the Football World Cup

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June 23

1775 – Death of adventurer and writer Karl Ludwig, Freiherr von Pöllnitz
1804 – Birth of businessman August Borsig
1891 – Death of physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber
1928 – Birth of politician Klaus von Dohnanyi

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June 24

1795 – Birth of physiologist Ernst Heinrich Weber, who found the Weber–Fechner law
1908 – Birth of composer Hugo Distler
1922 – Foreign minister Walther Rathenau is assassinated
1948 – Start of the Berlin Blockade

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June 25

1530 – The Augsburg Confession is presented at the Diet of Augsburg
1560 – Birth of surgeon Wilhelm Fabry
1767 – Death of composer Georg Philipp Telemann
1864 – Birth of chemist Walther Nernst, recipient of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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June 26

1762 – Death of playwright Luise Gottsched
1898 – Birth of aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt
1957 – Death of poet Alfred Döblin
1963 – John F. Kennedy visits West Berlin and gives the Ich bin ein Berliner speech

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June 27

1838 – Birth of weapon manufacturer Paul von Mauser
1869 – Birth of embryologist Hans Spemann, recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
1882 – Birth of philosopher Eduard Spranger
1993 – RAF terrorist Wolfgang Grams and GSG 9 member Michael Newrzella die at Bad Kleinen

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June 28

1490 – Birth of Albert of Mainz, Archbishop of Mainz and Archbishop of Magdeburg
1903 – The Deutsches Museum is founded
1906 – Birth of physicist Maria Goeppert-Mayer, winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics
1943 – Birth of physicist Klaus von Klitzing, winner of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics
1968 – The German Emergency Acts come into effect

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June 29

1312 Henry VII is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
1831 Death of statesman Heinrich Friedrich Karl Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein
1880 Birth of General Ludwig Beck, member of the July 20 Plot
1963 Birth of violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter

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June 30

1893 – Birth of politician Walter Ulbricht
1905 – Albert Einstein publishes On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies and introduces special relativity
1934 – In the Night of the Long Knives, the leadership of the SA is killed or arrested
1975 – Birth of Formula One racing driver Ralf Schumacher (pictured)

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July 1

1646 – Birth of polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, one of the inventors of calculus
1742 – Birth of physicist and aphorist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
1784 – Death of composer Wilhelm Friedemann Bach
1972 – Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins of the Red Army Faction are captured in Frankfurt after a shootout with the police
1990 – Currency union between East and West Germany: the Mark der DDR is replaced by the Deutsche Mark

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July 2

1298 – The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
1648 – Birth of organ builder Arp Schnitger
1714 – Birth of composer Christoph Willibald Gluck
1900 – First flight of a zeppelin near Friedrichshafen

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July 3

1676 – Birth of Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, called the Old Dessauer
1866 – The Austro-Prussian war ends with a Prussian victory in the Battle of Königgrätz
1875 – Birth of surgeon Ferdinand Sauerbruch
1932 – Birth of GDR politician Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski

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July 4

1715 – Birth of poet Christian Fürchtegott Gellert
1901 – Death of linguist Johannes Schmidt
1954 – Miracle of Bern: In the 1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Germany wins 3–2 against Hungary
1987 – Klaus Barbie, the Butcher of Lyon is sentenced to life imprisonment

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July 5

1884 – Cameroon becomes a German colony
1862 – Death of geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn
1943 – The Battle of Kursk begins
1969 – Death of architect Walter Gropius, founder of Bauhaus

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July 6

1854 – Death of physicist Georg Ohm
1885 – Birth of field marshal Ernst Busch
1898 – Birth of composer Hanns Eisler
1973 – Death of conductor Otto Klemperer

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July 7

1855 – Birth of writer Ludwig Ganghofer
1880 – The first edition of the Duden is published
1956 – Death of Gottfried Benn
1974 – Germany wins the 1974 FIFA World Cup
1985 – Boris Becker wins at Wimbledon for the first time

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July 8

1919 – Birth of politician Walter Scheel
1867 – Birth of artist Käthe Kollwitz
1885 – Birth of philosopher Ernst Bloch
1936 – Frankfurt Airport is opened
1990 – Germany wins the 1990 FIFA World Cup

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July 9

1654 – Death of Ferdinand IV of Germany
1721 – Birth of poet Johann Nikolaus Götz
1809 – Birth of physician Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
1858 – Birth of anthropologist Franz Boas

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July 10

1609 – Founding of the Catholic League
1809 – Birth of geologist Friedrich August von Quenstedt
1867 – Birth of Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany 1918
1883 – Birth of industrialist and war criminal Friedrich Flick
1902 – Birth of Kurt Alder, recipient of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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July 11

1535 – Death of Joachim I, Elector of Brandenburg
1553 – Death of Maurice, Elector of Saxony
1906 – Birth of politician Herbert Wehner
1929 – Birth of baritone Hermann Prey

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July 12

1806 – The Confederation of the Rhine is founded
1863 – Birth of physicist Paul Karl Ludwig Drude
1773 – Death of flutist and composer Johann Joachim Quantz

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July 13

1896 – Death of chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
2014 – Germany wins the 2014 FIFA World Cup

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July 14

1801 – Birth of physiologist Johannes Peter Müller
1933 – As part of the Gleichschaltung, the forming of new political parties is declared illegal

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July 15

1704 – Birth of religious leader August Gottlieb Spangenberg
1919 – Death of chemist Hermann Emil Fischer, recipient of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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July 16

1664 – Death of writer Andreas Gryphius
1985 – Death of writer Heinrich Böll, recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature

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July 17

1571 – Death of poet Georg Fabricius
1954 – Birth of Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany

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July 18

1864 – Birth of poet Ricarda Huch
1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf
1948 – Birth of biochemist Hartmut Michel, winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

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July 19

1870 – The Franco-Prussian War starts with France declaring war on Prussia
1898 – Birth of philosopher Herbert Marcuse

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July 20

1847 – Birth of impressionist painter Max Liebermann
1866 – Death of mathematician Bernhard Riemann
1932 – The cabinet of Prussia is dismissed in the Preußenschlag
1933 – The Reichskonkordat between Germany and the Vatican is signed
1934 – Birth of writer Uwe Johnson
1944 – 20 July plot by German military leaders to assassinate Adolf Hitler (Operation Valkyrie)

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July 21

1893 – Birth of writer Hans Fallada
1935 – Birth of politician Norbert Blüm
1936 – Death of politician Georg Michaelis, Chancellor of Germany 1917

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July 22

1784 – Birth of mathematician and astronomer Friedrich Bessel
1887 – Birth of physicist Gustav Ludwig Hertz, winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics

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July 23

1164 – The remains of the Three Kings arrive at Cologne Cathedral
1777 – Birth of painter Philipp Otto Runge
1793 – The French retreat after the Siege of Mainz ends the Mainz Republic
1886 – Birth of physicist Walter H. Schottky
1899 – Birth of Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany 1969-1974

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July 24

1655 – Death of epigrammatist Friedrich, Freiherr von Logau
1851 – Birth of mathematician Friedrich Schottky
1864 – Birth of playwright Frank Wedekind
1922 – Birth of politician Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski

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July 25

1790 – Death of educational reformer Johann Bernhard Basedow
1802 – Death of Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, Archbishop of Mainz
1867 – Birth of author and painter Max Dauthendey
2005 – Death of jazz trombonist Albert Mangelsdorff

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July 26

1855 – Birth of sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies
1865 – Birth of politician Philipp Scheidemann
1882 – Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal premieres in Bayreuth
1953 – Birth of soccer player and manager Felix Magath

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July 27

1808 – Birth of philologist Moritz Haupt
1881 – Birth of chemist Hans Fischer, recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1940 – Birth of choreographer Pina Bausch
1997 – Jan Ullrich wins the 1997 Tour de France

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July 28

1750 – Death of composer Johann Sebastian Bach
1804 – Birth of philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach
1874 – Birth of philosopher Ernst Cassirer
1954 – Birth of mathematician Gerd Faltings, winner of the Fields Medal
1968 – Death of chemist Otto Hahn, recipient of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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July 29

1843 – Birth of linguist Johannes Schmidt
1856 – Death of composer Robert Schumann
1979 – Death of philosopher Herbert Marcuse
2001 – Death of hacker Wau Holland, co-founder of the Chaos Computer Club

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July 30

1814 – Birth of master mechanic and industrialist Johann Georg Halske
1855 – Birth of industrialist Georg Wilhelm von Siemens
1898 – Death of politician Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Prussia and of Germany
1964 – Birth of football player and manager Jürgen Klinsmann

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July 31

1884 – Birth of politician Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, member of the German Resistance
1919 – The German national assembly adopts the Weimar constitution
1932 – In the July 1932 Reichstag election, the NSDAP becomes the biggest party in the Reichstag
1980 – Death of physicist Pascual Jordan

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August 1

1914 – World War I: The German Empire declares war on Russia
1936 – The Summer Olympics open in Berlin
1970 – Death of physician Otto Heinrich Warburg, recipient of the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine
1990 – Death of sociologist Norbert Elias
2001 – The Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz allows civil unions in Germany

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August 2

1788 – Birth of chemist Leopold Gmelin
1905 – Birth of composer Karl Amadeus Hartmann
1934 – After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg, Adolf Hitler assumes the title of "Führer und Reichskanzler"

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August 3

1761 – Death of classical scholar Johann Matthias Gesner
1867 – Death of classical scholar Philipp August Böckh
1914 – Germany declares war on France in World War I
1942 – Death of chemist Richard Willstätter, winner of the 1915 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the structure of chlorophyll

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August 4

1719 – Birth of mineralogist Johann Gottlob Lehmann
1753 – Death of organ and piano builder Gottfried Silbermann
1906 – Birth of zoologist Eugen Schuhmacher
1944 – Anne Frank and her family are arrested in the Achterhuis

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August 5

1895 – Death of philosopher Friedrich Engels
1901 – Death of Empress Victoria, known as Kaiserin Friedrich
1946 – Death of Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany 1923-1925
1957 – Death of chemist Heinrich Otto Wieland, recipient of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research into bile acids

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August 6

1195 – Death of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria
1697 – Birth of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
1969 – Death of philosopher Theodor W. Adorno

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August 7

1635 – Death of Jesuit poet Friedrich von Spee, opposer of the witch trials
1867 – Birth of expressionist painter Emil Nolde
1884 – German South-West Africa becomes a German colony

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August 8

1719 – Death of painter Christoph Ludwig Agricola
1944 – Execution of resistance members including Erwin von Witzleben and Paul von Hase
1960 – Birth of comic artist Ralf König
1974 – Death of Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach

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August 9

1648 – Birth of composer Johann Michael Bach
1896 – Birth of physical chemist Erich Hückel
1938 – Birth of football coach Otto Rehhagel
1962 – Death of novelist Hermann Hesse, recipient of the 1946 Nobel Prize for Literature

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August 10

0955 – Otto I the Great defeats the Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld
1878 – Birth of novelist Alfred Döblin, best known for Berlin Alexanderplatz
1896 – Death of aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal
1913 – Birth of physicist Wolfgang Paul, co-developer of the ion trap and recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics

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August 11

1464 – Death of Nicolaus Cusanus
1519 – Death of Johann Tetzel, seller of indulgences
1919 – The constitution of the Weimar Republic is signed into law
1973 – Death of chemist Karl Ziegler, recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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August 12

1647 – Birth of writer Johann Heinrich Acker
1759 – Defeat of Prussia in the Battle of Kunersdorf
1762 – Birth of physician Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
1943 – Birth of politician Herta Däubler-Gmelin
1955 – Death of author Thomas Mann, recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize for Literature

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August 13

1876 – The Bayreuth Festspielhaus opens with the performance of Der Ring des Nibelungen
1902 – Birth of engineer Felix Wankel, inventor of the Wankel engine
1917 – Death of chemist Eduard Buchner, recipient of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1961 – Construction of the Berlin Wall begins

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August 14

1840 – Birth of psychologist Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing
1945 – Birth of director Wim Wenders
1949 – First elections for the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany
1956 – Death of writer Bertolt Brecht

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August 15

1740 – Birth of poet Matthias Claudius
1857 – Birth of shipping tycoon Albert Ballin
1953 – Death of physicist Ludwig Prandtl

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August 16

1832 – Birth of psychologist Wilhelm Wundt
1899 – Death of chemist Robert Bunsen, known for the Bunsen Burner
1929 – Birth of football player Helmut Rahn, known as Der Boss

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August 17

1676 – Death of Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, author of Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus
1786 – Death of King Frederick II of Prussia
1956 – The Communist Party of Germany is declared illegal by the Federal Constitutional Court

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August 18

1888 – Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof is opened
1933 – The Volksempfänger is presented at the Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin
1944 – Communist politician Ernst Thälmann is shot at Buchenwald concentration camp

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August 19

1753 – Death of architect Balthasar Neumann
1830 – Birth of chemist Julius Lothar Meyer
1969 – Death of architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

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August 20

1639 – Death of poet Martin Opitz von Boberfeld
1854 – Death of philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
1915 – Death of scientist Paul Ehrlich, recipient of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1917 – Death of chemist Adolf von Baeyer, recipient of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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August 21

1826 – Birth of anatomist Carl Gegenbaur
1838 – Death of poet Adelbert von Chamisso
1901 – Death of physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick

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August 22

1860 – Birth of inventor Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
1902 – Birth of actress and director Leni Riefenstahl
1928 – Birth of composer Karlheinz Stockhausen
1950 – The Technisches Hilfswerk is founded

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August 23

1773 – Birth of philosopher Jakob Friedrich Fries
1939 – The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact is signed in Moscow

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August 24

1617 – The Fruitbearing Society is founded in Weimar by German scholars and nobility
1759 – Death of poet Ewald Christian von Kleist
1888 – Death of physicist Rudolf Clausius, who introduced the concept of entropy
1979 – Death of test pilot Hanna Reitsch

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August 25

1758 – Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf

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August 26

1882 – Birth of physicist James Franck, winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics
1972 – The 1972 Summer Olympics open in Munich
1978 – Sigmund Jähn becomes the first German in space

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August 27

1770 – Birth of philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
1935 – Death of chermist Otto Schott
1939 – First flight of the Heinkel He 178, the first practical jet plane
1969 – Death of actor and writer Erika Mann

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August 28

1749 – Birth of author Johann Wolfgang Goethe
1825 – Birth of writer and gay rights campaigner Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
1988 – 67 people die in the Ramstein airshow disaster

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August 29

1756 – Frederick the Great attacks Saxony, beginning the Seven Years' War
1885 – Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle
1904 – Birth of Werner Forssmann, recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine

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August 30

1928 – Death of physicist Wilhelm Wien, recipient of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Physics
1946 – The state of Rhineland-Palatinate is established

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August 31

1528 – Death of artist Matthias Grünewald
1920 – Death of psychologist Wilhelm Wundt
1939 – In the Gleiwitz incident, German operatives stage a Polish aggression against Germany

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September 1

1653 – Birth of composer Johann Pachelbel
1854 – Birth of composer Engelbert Humperdinck
1915 – Death of poet and playwright August Stramm
1939 – Nazi Germany attacks Poland in the Polish September Campaign, beginning World War II
1981 – Death of Nazi architect and politician Albert Speer

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September 2

1661 – Birth of organist Georg Böhm
1853 – Birth of chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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September 3

1829 – Death of physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick
1971 – The Four Power Agreement on Berlin is signed

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September 4

1842 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral resumes
1891 – Birth of Nazi engineer Fritz Todt, founder of Organisation Todt

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September 5

1774 – Birth of painter Caspar David Friedrich
1977 – Hanns Martin Schleyer is kidnapped by Rote Armee Fraktion terrorists

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September 6

1879 – Birth of actor Max Schreck, best known for his lead role as the vampire Count Orlok in the film Nosferatu
1915 – Birth of politician Franz Josef Strauß

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September 7

1464 – Death of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony

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September 8

1778 – Birth of poet Clemens Brentano
1941 – Start of the Siege of Leningrad

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September 9

1941 – Death of entrepreneur Carl Friedrich von Siemens
1995 – Death of astronaut Reinhard Furrer

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September 10

1804 – Birth of navy official Karl Rudolf Brommy
1947 – First meeting of the Group 47

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September 11

1816 – Birth of optician and businessman Carl Zeiss
1945 – Birth of football player and manager Franz Beckenbauer, nicknamed the Kaiser (pictured)

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September 12

1829 – Birth of painter Anselm Feuerbach

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September 13

1819 – Birth of pianist and composer Clara Schumann
1989 – Birth of football player Thomas Müller

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September 14

1769 – Birth of naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt
1817 – Birth of writer Theodor Storm

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September 15

1756 – Birth of writer Karl Philipp Moritz
1915 – Birth of Helmut Schön, manager of the Germany national football team 1964-1978
1926 – Death of Rudolf Christoph Eucken, recipient of the 1908 Nobel Prize for Literature
1935 – The Nuremberg Laws deprive Jews of German citizenship
1949 – Konrad Adenauer is elected Chancellor of Germany

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September 16

1853 – Birth of Albrecht Kossel, recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research in cell biology

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September 17

1179 – Death of Hildegard of Bingen
1826 – Birth of mathematician Bernhard Riemann
1916 – Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen wins his first aerial combat
1966 – Death of tenor Fritz Wunderlich

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September 18

1786 – Birth of poet Justinus Kerner

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September 19

1965 – The government of Ludwig Erhard is confirmed in federal elections
1990 – The Palast der Republik is closed due to asbestos contamination

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September 20

1848 – Birth of entrepreneur and inventor Friedrich Soennecken
1863 – Death of philologist Jacob Grimm
1898 – Death of novelist Theodor Fontane

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September 21

1792 – Birth of poet Johann Peter Eckermann, best known for his Conversations with Goethe
1860 – Death of philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer
1869 – The first Dresden Semperoper is destroyed by fire
1964 – Death of Otto Grotewohl, Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic

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September 22

1547 – Birth of philologist Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin
1741 – Birth of zoologist Peter Simon Pallas
1882 – Birth of field marshal and war criminal Wilhelm Keitel
2002 – Gerhard Schröder narrowly wins the federal elections

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September 23

1122 – The Concordat of Worms is signed
1728 – Death of jurist Christian Thomasius
1791 – Birth of poet Theodor Körner
1885 – Death of painter Carl Spitzweg

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September 24

1545 – Death of Elector Albert of Mainz
1583 – Birth of Albrecht von Wallenstein
1945 – Death of physicist Hans Geiger, known for the Geiger counter

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September 25

1729 – Birth of classical scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne
1744 – Birth of King Frederick William II of Prussia
1970 – Death of author Erich Maria Remarque
1992 – The last portion of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal is opened

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September 26

1868 – Death of astronomer and mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius, after whom the Möbius strip is named
1877 – Death of polymath Hermann Grassmann
1889 – Birth of philosopher Martin Heidegger

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September 27

1719 – Birth of mathematician Abraham Gotthelf Kästner
1921 – Death of composer Engelbert Humperdinck
1940 – Germany, Italy and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact
1998 – Helmut Kohl is defeated by Gerhard Schröder in the Bundestag elections

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September 28

1197 – Death of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1803 – Birth of painter Ludwig Richter
1905 – Birth of boxer Max Schmeling
1959 – Death of racing car driver Rudolf Caracciola

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September 29

1789 – Birth of gardener and landscape architect Peter Joseph Lenné
1839 – Death of mineralogist Friedrich Mohs
1928 – Birth of politician Gerhard Stoltenberg
1938 – In the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland is given to Nazi Germany
1948 – Birth of clarinettist Theo Jörgensmann

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September 30

1913 – Death of inventor Rudolf Diesel
1940 – Death of operetta composer Walter Kollo
1943 – Birth of chemist Johann Deisenhofer, recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

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October 1

1685 – Birth of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1827 – Death of poet Wilhelm Müller
1946 – The verdict in the main Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal is spoken at Nuremberg
1982 – Helmut Kohl becomes Chancellor of Germany by a constructive vote of no confidence
2017 – Legalisation of same-sex marriage in Germany

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October 2

1847 – Birth of Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany 1925-1934
1921 – Death of King William II of Württemberg
1928 – Birth of sex educator Oswalt Kolle

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October 3

1722 – Birth of painter Johann Heinrich Tischbein
1889 – Birth of pacifist Carl von Ossietzky, recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize
1929 – Death of politician Gustav Stresemann, recipient of the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize
1990 – Reunification of Germany

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October 4

1859 – Death of publisher Karl Baedeker
1947 – Death of physicist Max Planck, recipient of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics

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October 5

1665 – Founding of the University of Kiel
1740 – Death of scholar Johann Philipp Baratier
1817 – Birth of composer Eduard Franck
1980 – The government of Helmut Schmidt is confirmed in federal elections

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October 6

1459 – Birth of geographer Martin Behaim
1831 – Birth of mathematician Richard Dedekind
1951 – Death of physician and biochemist Otto Fritz Meyerhof, recipient of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

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October 7

1835 – Birth of composer Felix Draeseke
1879 – The Dual Alliance is created between the German Empire and Austria-Hungary
1903 – Death of mathematician Rudolf Lipschitz
1949 – The German Democratic Republic is proclaimed

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October 8

1883 – Birth of Otto Heinrich Warburg, recipient of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1883 – Birth of psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer
1962 – Der Spiegel publishes the article Bedingt abwehrbereit, starting the Spiegel scandal
1992 – Death of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany 1969-1974

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October 9

1852 – Birth of chemist Hermann Emil Fischer, recipient of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1879 – Birth of physicist Max von Laue, recipient of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics
1989 – The first large Monday demonstration takes places in Leipzig

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October 10

1806 – Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia dies at the Battle of Saalfeld
1819 – Birth of theologian Heinrich Joseph Dominicus Denzinger
1885 – Birth of folklorist Walter Anderson

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October 11

1347 – Death of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
1616 – Birth of poet Andreas Gryphius
1708 – Death of scientist Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, inventor of the European porcelain
1852 – Death of mathematician Ferdinand Eisenstein

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October 12

1687 – Birth of composer Sylvius Leopold Weiss
1810 – The first Oktoberfest is held in Munich
1891 – Birth of philosopher and Carmelite nun Edith Stein
1949 – The German Confederation of Trade Unions is founded

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October 13

1821 – Birth of physician Rudolf Virchow
1825 – Death of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1945 – The Christian Social Union in Bavaria is founded

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October 14

1806 – Prussia is defeated by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
1892 – Birth of Heinrich Lübke, President of Germany 1959–1969
1944 – Suicide of field marshal Erwin Rommel

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October 15

1844 – Birth of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche
1880 – The completion of Cologne Cathedral is celebrated 632 years after construction had begun
1934 – Death of publisher Samuel Fischer, the founder of S. Fischer Verlag
1946 – Hermann Göring commits suicide the night before his planned execution

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October 16

1553 – Death of artist Lucas Cranach the Elder
1750 – Death of composer Sylvius Leopold Weiss
1906 – The Captain of Köpenick Wilhelm Voigt masquerades as an officer, which makes him famous
1927 – Birth of writer Günter Grass, recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize for Literature
1946 – Several major Nazi war criminals are executed following the judgment in the Nuremberg Trials

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October 17

1813 – Birth of dramatist Georg Büchner
1887 – Death of physicist Gustav Kirchhoff

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October 18

1777 – Birth of poet Heinrich von Kleist
1902 – Birth of physicist Pascual Jordan
1926 – Birth of actor Klaus Kinski
1977 – The GSG 9 frees hostages on board of the Lufthansa airplane Landshut, ending the most dramatic part of the German Autumn
1989 – Erich Honecker resigns as leader of the German Democratic Republic

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October 19

1466 – The Second Treaty of Thorn ends the Thirteen Years' War
1878 – The Reichstag passes the Anti-Socialist Laws
1918 – Establishment of the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1971 – The Munich U-Bahn begins operation
1992 – The corpses of Petra Kelly and Gert Bastian are found

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October 20

1719 – Birth of statistician Gottfried Achenwall
1920 – Death of composer Max Bruch
1942 – Birth of biologist Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

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October 21

1881 – Death of mathematician Eduard Heine
1944 – As first major German city Aachen is occupied by the Allieds
1957 – Birth of physicist Wolfgang Ketterle, recipient of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics
1969 – Willy Brandt is elected Chancellor of Germany by the Bundestag

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October 22

1511 – Birth of astronomer and mathematician Erasmus Reinhold
1660 – Birth of chemist Georg Ernst Stahl
1729 – Birth of naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster, member of James Cook's second Pacific expedition
1847 – Death of writer Henriette Herz
1906 – Birth of artist Fritz Cremer
1943 – Birth of politician Wolfgang Thierse

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October 23

1801 – Birth of composer Albert Lortzing

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October 24

1804 – Birth of physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber
1938 – Death of expressionist sculptor Ernst Barlach

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October 25

1789 – Birth of astronomer Heinrich Schwabe
1806 – Birth of philosopher Max Stirner

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October 26

1849 – Birth of mathematician Ferdinand Georg Frobenius

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October 27

1998 – Gerhard Schröder is elected Chancellor of Germany
2012 – Death of composer Hans Werner Henze

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October 28

1929 – Death of Bernhard von Bülow (pictured), Chancellor of Germany 1900-1909

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October 29

1879 – Birth of politician Franz von Papen, Chancellor of Germany 1932
1897 – Birth of Joseph Goebbels, Propaganda Minister of Nazi Germany

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October 30

1893 – Birth of Nazi judge Roland Freisler, president of the Volksgerichtshof
1941 – Birth of physicist Theodor W. Hänsch, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics
1975 – Death of physicist Gustav Ludwig Hertz, winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics

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October 31

1517 – Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses at the Castle Church in Wittenberg
1815 – Birth of mathematician Karl Weierstraß
1835 – Birth of chemist Adolf von Baeyer, winner of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his synthesis of indigo dye
1920 – Birth of football player Fritz Walter, captain of the Germany national football team winnning the 1954 FIFA World Cup

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November 1

1607 – Birth of poet Georg Philipp Harsdörffer
1880 – Birth of meteorologist Alfred Wegener, who invented the theory of continental drift
1903 – Death of classicist and historian Theodor Mommsen, winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize for Literature
1949 – The first edition of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is published

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November 2

1716 – Death of traveller and physician Engelbert Kaempfer
1874 – Birth of politician Rudolf Breitscheid
1894 – Birth of aerodynamics pioneer Alexander Martin Lippisch
1956 – Death of rabbi Leo Baeck

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November 3

1801 – Birth of publisher Karl Baedeker, founder of the Baedeker travel guides
1867 – Birth of mathematician Martin Kutta, known for Runge–Kutta methods
1900 – Birth of Adolf Dassler, founder of adidas
1918 – The Kiel mutiny marks the start of the German Revolution of 1918–1919

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November 4

1847 – Death of composer Felix Mendelssohn
1847 – Birth of archaeologist Gustav Hirschfeld
1890 – Birth of writer Klabund

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November 5

1494 – Birth of meistersinger Hans Sachs
1667 – Birth of painter Christoph Ludwig Agricola
1923 – Birth of journalist Rudolf Augstein, founder of Der Spiegel

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November 6

1672 – Death of composer Heinrich Schütz
1929 – Death of Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany 1918

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November 7

1810 – Birth of novelist Fritz Reuter
1818 – Birth of physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond
1918 – Kurt Eisner declares Bavaria a free state, leading to the Bavarian Soviet Republic
1989 – Willi Stoph resigns as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the German Democratic Republic

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November 8

1848 – Birth of mathematician, logician and philosopher Gottlob Frege
1868 – Birth of mathematician Felix Hausdorff
1918 – Birth of type designer and calligrapher Hermann Zapf

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November 9

November 9 in German history
1848 – Revolutionary Robert Blum is executed
1885 – Birth of mathematician Hermann Weyl
1918 – Germany is declared a republic in the German Revolution
1923 – End of the Beer Hall Putsch, Adolf Hitler's failed attempt to seize power
1938 – A massive pogrom against the Jewish population of Germany is started, known as Kristallnacht
1989 – Fall of the Berlin Wall

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November 10

1486 – Birth of theologian and reformer Martin Luther
1759 – Birth of poet Friedrich Schiller
1887 – Birth of author Arnold Zweig
1918 – Birth of chemist Ernst Otto Fischer, winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1955 – Birth of film director, screenwriter, and producer Roland Emmerich

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November 11

1668 – Birth of classical scholar Johann Albert Fabricius
1884 – Death of zoologist Alfred Brehm, author of Brehms Tierleben
1918 – World War I ends with the signing of an armistice near Compiègne
1929 – Birth of author Hans Magnus Enzensberger

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November 12

1742 – Death of physician Friedrich Hoffmann
1923 – Birth of humorist Vicco von Bülow, usually known as Loriot
1929 – Birth of author Michael Ende, best known for The Neverending Story
1955 – The Bundeswehr is officially established

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November 13

1486 – Birth of theologian Johann Eck
1862 – Death of poet Ludwig Uhland
2014 – Death of mathematician Alexander Grothendieck

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November 14

1716 – Death of philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Leibniz
1825 – Death of writer Jean Paul
1940 – Most of Coventry is destroyed by the Luftwaffe in the Coventry Blitz
1990 – Germany and Poland sign a treaty confirming the Oder–Neisse line

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November 15

1741 – Birth of poet and physiognomist Johann Kaspar Lavater
1787 – Death of composer Christoph Willibald Gluck
1862 – Birth of author Gerhart Hauptmann, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize for Literature
1936 – Birth of singer-songwriter and dissident Wolf Biermann
1959 – The Social Democratic Party of Germany ratisfies its Godesberg Program, giving up on the ideas of Marxism

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November 16

1797 – Death of King Frederick William II of Prussia
1891 – Birth of politician and resistance fighter Julius Leber
1895 – Birth of composer Paul Hindemith
1909 – DELAG, the world's first airline, is founded

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November 17

1624 – Death of mystic Jakob Böhme
1790 – Birth of mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius
1876 – Birth of photographer August Sander
1901 – Birth of politician Walter Hallstein, known for the Hallstein Doctrine
1934 – Death of poet Joachim Ringelnatz

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November 18

1786 – Birth of composer Carl Maria von Weber
1839 – Birth of physicist August Kundt
1906 – Birth of writer Klaus Mann
1941 – Death of chemist Walther Nernst

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November 19

1833 – Birth of philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey
1900 – Birth of author Anna Seghers, who wrote The Seventh Cross

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November 20

1602 – Birth of physicist and politician Otto von Guericke
1917 – Beginning of the Battle of Cambrai

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November 21

1768 – Birth of theologian Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher
1811 – Suicide of poet Heinrich von Kleist

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November 22

1220 – Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
1710 – Birth of composer Wilhelm Friedemann Bach
1897 – Birth of astronomer Paul Oswald Ahnert
1967 – Birth of tennis player Boris Becker
2005 – Angela Merkel is elected Chancellor of Germany

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November 23

912 – Birth of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
1943 – Birth of politician Günther Beckstein
1991 – Death of actor Klaus Kinski

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November 24

1801 – Birth of writer Ludwig Bechstein
1887 – Birth of Wehrmacht commander Erich von Manstein
1934 – Birth of composer Alfred Schnittke

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November 25

1841 – Birth of mathematician Ernst Schröder, known for the Schröder-Bernstein theorem
1865 – Death of explorer Heinrich Barth
1881 – Death of Theobald Boehm, who perfected the modern flute
1940 – Birth of astronaut Reinhard Furrer

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November 26

1346 – Charles IV is crowned King of Germany in opposition to Louis IV
1832 – Birth of physicist Rudolph Koenig
1857 – Death of poet and novelist Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff
1885 – Birth of Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany 1930-1932

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November 27

1308 – Henry VII is elected King of the Romans
1754 – Birth of scientist and revolutionary Georg Forster
1804 – Birth of composer Julius Benedict
2005 – Death of politician Franz Schönhuber, known as leader of The Republicans

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November 28

1815 – Death of violinist and composer Johann Peter Salomon
1820 – Birth of philosopher Friedrich Engels
1887 – Birth of Nazi Sturmabteilung leader Ernst Röhm
1983 – Ulf Merbold takes off with Space Shuttle mission STS-9 to become the first West German in space

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November 29

1626 – Death of soldier Ernst von Mansfeld
1802 – Birth of poet and novelist Wilhelm Hauff
1856 – Birth of Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor of the German Empire
1904 – Birth of architect Egon Eiermann, best known for the reconstruction of Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

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November 30

1756 – Birth of physicist Ernst Chladni, known for his research on vibrating plates
1817 – Birth of classicist and historian Theodor Mommsen, winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize for Literature
1954 – Death of conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler
1989 – Deutsche Bank chairman Alfred Herrhausen is killed by a Red Army Faction bomb

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December 1

1743 – Birth of chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth
1750 – Death of astronomer and cartographer Johan Gabriel Doppelmayr
1884 – Birth of expressionist painter Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
1966 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger is elected Chancellor of Germany by Germany's first grand coalition

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December 2

1409 – The University of Leipzig is founded
1817 – Birth of historian Heinrich von Sybel
1891 – Birth of expressionist painter Otto Dix
1944 – Birth of novelist and playwright Botho Strauß

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December 3

1776 – Birth of physician Johann Spurzheim, proponent of phrenology
1857 – Death of sculptor Christian Daniel Rauch
1898 – Birth of author Fritz Steuben
1931 – Birth of singer-songwriter Franz Josef Degenhardt

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December 4

1555 – Birth of historian and poet Heinrich Meibom
1881 – Birth of field marshal Erwin von Witzleben, member of the July 20 Plot
1933 – Death of poet Stefan George
1975 – Death of political theorist Hannah Arendt

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December 5

1868 – Birth of theoretical physicist Arnold Sommerfeld
1897 – Birth of philosopher and historian Gershom Scholem
1901 – Birth of physicist Werner Heisenberg (pictured), winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics
1963 – Death of composer Karl Amadeus Hartmann

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December 6

1849 – Birth of field marshal August von Mackensen
1892 – Death of industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens
2005 – Death of cabaret artist Hanns Dieter Hüsch

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December 7

983 – Death of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
1810 – Birth of physiologist Theodor Schwann
1823 – Birth of mathematician Leopold Kronecker
1970 – Poland and West Germany sign the Treaty of Warsaw

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December 8

1708 – Birth of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I
1813 – Birth of priest and social activist Adolph Kolping
1815 – Birth of artist Adolph Menzel
1914 – The German East Asia Squadron is destroyed in the Battle of the Falkland Islands
1955 – Death of mathematician Hermann Weyl

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December 9

1652 – Birth of physician and botanist Augustus Quirinus Rivinus
1717 – Birth of archaeologist Johann Joachim Winckelmann
1798 – Death of naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster, member of James Cook's second Pacific expedition
1868 – Birth of chemist Fritz Haber, winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of synthetic ammonia

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December 10

1452 – Birth of mathematician and astronomer Johannes Stöffler
1520 – Martin Luther burns the papal bull Exsurge Domine in Wittenberg
1804 – Birth of mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
1891 – Birth of poet Nelly Sachs, recipient of the 1966 Nobel Prize for Literature
1971 – Willy Brandt is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

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December 11

1843 – Birth of physician Robert Koch, recipient of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1882 – Birth of physicist Max Born, recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics
1941 – Germany declares war on the United States
1998 – Death of politician Max Streibl

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December 12

1559 – Death of physician Andreas Aurifaber
1768 – Death of author Johann Christoph Gottsched
1963 – Death of politician Theodor Heuss, first President of West Germany

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December 13

1250 – Death of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
1769 – Death of poet Christian Fürchtegott Gellert
1797 – Birth of poet Heinrich Heine
1816 – Birth of inventor and industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens

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December 14

1720 – Birth of jurist and social theorist Justus Möser
1788 – Death of composer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
1914 – Birth of Karl Carstens, President of Germany 1979-1984

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December 15

1955 – Death of politician Otto Braun, last democratic Prime Minister of Prussia before the Preußenschlag

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December 16

1944 – The Battle of the Bulge begins
1964 – Birth of athlete Heike Drechsler
2001 – Death of writer Stefan Heym

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December 17

1833 – Death of foundling Kaspar Hauser
1930 – Birth of actor Armin Mueller-Stahl
1961 – Consecration of the new Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

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December 18

1803 – Death of writer Johann Gottfried Herder
1913 – Birth of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany 1969-1974 and recipient of the 1971 Nobel Peace Prize
1917 – The Ufa film studio is created

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