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Peter Werfft

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Dr. chem.

Peter Werfft
Born(1904-10-08)8 October 1904
Wien, Austria
Died23 July 1970(1970-07-23) (aged 65)
Wien, Austria
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchLuftwaffe
Years of service1940 or earlier – 1945
RankMajor
UnitJG 27
CommandsIII./JG 27
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Other workchemist

Dr. Peter Werfft-Wessely (Wien, 8 October 1904 – 23 July 1970), an Austrian chemist, was a Luftwaffe fighter ace in World War II, and a chemical industry entrepreneur after the war. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Luftwaffe ace in World War II

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Werfft was born on 8 October 1904 in Vienna, the capital of Austria-Hungary.[1]

As a Gefreiter flying with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing), Werfft participated in the Battle of Britain; the two air victories which he scored against RAF Hawker Hurricane fighters on 27 September 1940 was his first.

Werrft served with JG 27 in North Africa during 1941–42, claiming five kills over the Desert Air Force. Werfft was commissioned as a Leutnant (Lieutenant) in late 1942. Service over Greece and the Balkans followed in 1943, where he claimed the destruction of a P-38 Lightning and three USAAF heavy bombers.

On 2 April 1944, III. Gruppe of JG 27 relocated from Wien-Seyring near Vienna to Wolkersdorf.[2] That day, the Gruppe engaged in combat with bombers of United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Fifteenth Air Force. In this encounter, Werfft claimed two Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers near Wolfsberg.[3]

On 19 May, Werfft was shot down in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 441090—factory number) on a transfer flight to Gardelegen.[4] Wounded in the encounter, Werfft surrendered command of 9. Staffel to Oberleutnant Kurt Heidenreich. Following a period of convalescence, he return to 9. Staffel in October 1944. In December 1944, Werfft was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 27.[5]

At the end of World War II he was a Major and gruppenkommandeur of III./JG 27, flying a Bf 109 G-6 fighter ("Yellow One") with a green fuselage band signifying dedication to Reich strategic airspace defence; he also had a total of 26 air kills.

Werfft claimed 11 more heavies in 1944, he was a Hauptmann (Captain) by October 1944. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 28 January 1945, the last pilot of JG 27 to receive this distinction.[6]

On 3 May 1945 he disbanded his III./JG 27 in the Austrian Alps near Saalbach, together with the acting unit commander Hauptmann Emil Clade, eventually becoming a prisoner of war of the United States.

Pharmaceutical entrepreneur

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Returning to Austria in 1948, after his release from captivity, Werfft established InterChemie GmbH, a Vienna-based pharmaceutical and chemical limited liability enterprise. Among the first commercial activities of the fledgling trading company in this difficult post-war period was the Austrian sales representation for certain American Cyanamid products. By 1961, the firm had been restructured into a successor company, Werfft-Chemie GmbH. In the years following the founder's death in 1970, Werfft-Chemie continued, initially as a family-run business, but met with increasing economic difficulties. It was taken over by the Austrian Sanochemia Pharmazeutika Group in 1983 and was subsequently converted to a purely veterinary medicine company. The legacy of Werfft-Chemie survived until January 2020 under the name Alvetra u. Werfft AG, a Sanochemia Group company with subsidiaries in several central and eastern European countries; its business assets were acquired by Inovet, another European veterinary company.

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

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According to Obermaier, Werfft was credited with 26 enemy aircraft shot down, all of which on the Western Front, including five in North Africa.[1] This figure includes 14 four-engined bombers.[7] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces: Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for nineteen aerial victory claims, plus seven further unconfirmed claims. All of his aerial victories were claimed on the Western Front and included nine four-engined bombers.[8]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Werfft did not receive credit.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Balke, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Unit Claim Date Time Type Location Unit
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –[9]
On the Channel Front — June – October 1940
1 27 September 1940 10:10 Hurricane Sevenoaks[10] 1./JG 27 2?[Note 1] 27 September 1940
—
 Hurricane north Brighton[10] 1./JG 27
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –[11]
Sicily, Balkans and North Africa — 4 December 1940 – 31 May 1941
3 19 July 1941 18:05 P-40 Bay of Sollum[12] 1./JG 27 5 9 September 1941 17:17 Hurricane Bay of Sollum[13] 1./JG 27
4?[Note 1] 26 August 1941
—
 Hurricane Sidi Barrani[12] 1./JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –[11]
In North Africa — October – 31 December 1942
6 26 October 1942 16:00 Boston northeast of the mosque at El Dabaa[14] 9./JG 27?[Note 2] 7 2 November 1942 15:53 Spitfire 25 km (16 mi) southeast of El Alamein[14] 9./JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –[11]
In the Mediterranean Theater — 20 August – 31 December 1943
—
?[Note 3] 		8 October 1943
—
 B-24 9./JG 27 9 20 December 1943 12:41 P-38 northwest of Megara[16] 9./JG 27
8 6 December 1943 12:47 B-17 west of Milos[16] 9./JG 27 10 20 December 1943 12:52 B-17 northeast of Megara[16] 9./JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –[17]
Defense of the Reich — March 1944 – May 1945
11?[Note 1] 19 March 1944 13:50 B-24* southeast Marburg[18] 9./JG 27 18 12 May 1944 12:30 B-17 30 km (19 mi) north-northeast Hanau[18] 9./JG 27
—
 19 March 1944
—
 B-24 southeast Marburg[18] 9./JG 27 19 19 May 1944 13:15 B-24* south-southwest Helmstedt[18] 9./JG 27
12 2 April 1944 10:38 B-24 northwest Wolfsberg[18] 9./JG 27 20 19 May 1944 13:30 B-24 east Helmstedt[18] 9./JG 27
13 2 April 1944 10:42 B-24* northwest Wolfsberg[18] 9./JG 27 21 17 December 1944 14:25 P-47 northeast Coesfeld[19] 9./JG 27
14 6 April 1944 16:25 B-17 east Marburg[18] 9./JG 27 22 23 December 1944 12:05 P-47 20 km (12 mi) southwest Bonn[19] 9./JG 27
15?[Note 1] 12 April 1944 11:50 B-24* south Ödenburg[18]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Eisenstadt 		9./JG 27 23 27 December 1944 11:10 P-38 10 km (6.2 mi) east Dinant[19] 9./JG 27
16?[Note 1] 12 April 1944 12:00 B-24* south Ödenburg[18] 9./JG 27 24 27 December 1944 11:20 P-38 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest Losheim[19] 9./JG 27
17 23 May 1944 13:45 B-24 40 km (25 mi) east-southeast Raab[18] 9./JG 27

Awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.[8]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman with 7./JG 27.[8]
  3. ^ This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[15]
  4. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves[23]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 222.
  2. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 309.
  3. ^ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 310, 323.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 326.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 319.
  6. ^ Weal 2003, p. 106.
  7. ^ Forsyth 2011, p. 75.
  8. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1400.
  9. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1998, p. 562.
  10. ^ a b Prien et al. 2002, p. 378.
  11. ^ a b c Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1998, p. 563.
  12. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 371.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 372.
  14. ^ a b Prien et al. 2004, p. 343.
  15. ^ Prien et al. 2010, p. 262.
  16. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2010, p. 264.
  17. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, pp. 348–351.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2019, p. 323.
  19. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2019, p. 325.
  20. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 198.
  21. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 507.
  22. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 443.
  23. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 779.

Bibliography

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  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Forsyth, Robert (2011). Luftwaffe Viermot Aces 1942–45. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 101. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-438-3.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939–1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941–1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941–1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter; Stemmer, Gerhard (1995). Messerschmitt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei der III. und IV./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1938–1945 [Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Action with the III. and IV./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1938–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-30-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter; Stemmer, Gerhard (1998). Messerschmitt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei Stab und I./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1939–1945 [Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Action with the Headquarters Unit and I./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1939–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-46-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-63-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis December 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2010). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-95-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-21-5.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Weal, John (2003). Jagdgeschwader 27 "Afrika". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 12. London, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-538-9.
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