PROCYON (Proximate Object Close flyby with Optical Navigation) was an asteroid flyby space probe that was launched together with Hayabusa2 on 3 December 2014 13:22:04 (JST). It was developed by University of Tokyo and JAXA.
It was a small (70 kg, approx. 60 cm cube), low cost (¥500 million) spacecraft.[1]
PROCYON was launched as secondary payload together with the Hayabusa2 asteroid landing probe. After separation from the carrier rocket, PROCYON was left on a heliocentric orbit. On 22 February 2015, the ion engine was started, with the intention of adjusting the orbit so that an Earth flyby in December 2015 would direct the probe towards asteroid 2000 DP107.[3] Initial results were favourable - the engine delivered 330 μN of thrust rather than the designed 250 μN - but the engine failed on 10 March and could not be restarted; PROCYON flew past Earth on 3 December 2015, but was unable to make a controlled orbit change. Shortly after the Earth flyby, contact with the spacecraft was lost.[4]
The 70 kg spacecraft had a specific impulse of 1000 seconds, for a delta-v budget of about 500 m/s; the intention was to use 20% of the xenon propellant for the initial orbit correction, and the rest of the propellant between the Earth flyby and the asteroid flyby to ensure a controlled flyby distance of 30 km.[5]
A novel subsystem tested by PROCYON involved feeding both the main ion engine and the eight attitude control cold-gas thrusters from the same tank (containing 2.5 kg of xenon at launch)
PROCYON observed the Lyman-alpha emission of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko to determine its overall coma structure.[7] PROCYON captured the first complete image of the geocorona, confirming for the first time that it has north-south symmetry.[8]
^超小型探査機「PROCYON」 二重小惑星を目指して航行中 [Very Small Probe PROCYON Cruising Toward a Binary Asteroid]. Space Elevator News. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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