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Northeast (Vietnam)

Coordinates: 21°42′05″N 106°13′17″E / 21.70139°N 106.22139°E / 21.70139; 106.22139
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Northeast
Vietnamese: Đông Bắc Bộ
Location of the Đông Bắc (Northeast) region in Vietnam
Location of the Đông Bắc (Northeast) region in Vietnam
Country Vietnam
Area
[1][2]
 • Total50,826.38 km2 (19,624.18 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total9,474,710
 • Density190/km2 (480/sq mi)
GDP
 • TotalVND 348 trillion
US$ 15.3 billion (2021)
Time zoneUTC+7 (UTC +7)
HDI (2022)0.685[3]
high · 4th
Cao Bằng province in Đông Bắc

Đông Bắc (literally "Northeast" from Chinese: 東北; pinyin: Dōngběi) is the region to the north of the Red River Delta in Vietnam, bordering China. It is called Northeast to distinguish it from the Tây Bắc (Chinese: 西北; pinyin: Xīběi) or "Northwest", but it is actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc (Chinese: 越北联区; pinyin: Yuè Běi Lián Qū) or "Northern Vietnam". The Northeast is one of three sub-regions of Northern Vietnam (the other two sub-regions are the Northwest and the Red River Delta). Sometimes the Northeast includes the Red River Delta.

Geography

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Location

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The Northeast region encompasses the provinces northeast of Hanoi, near the border with China. It has a population of about ten million.

Geographics

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Geographical boundaries to the west of the Northeast are not clear, mainly due to the lack of consensus about the geography of Vietnam on the boundary between the Northwest and Northeast to be the Red River or the Hoàng Liên Sơn. The Northeast is limited to the north and east by the Vietnam-China border, while the Southeast overlooks the Gulf of Tonkin. The southern limit is composed of the Tam Đảo mountain range and the Red River Delta.

It is also mountainous in the midlands, the mountainous include massifs, and limestone mountains.

The western side, is limited by the Red River valley and the Chảy River's source, above, is composed of granite, slate and limestone plateau. In essence, this is the edge of the Yunnan Plateau. The high mountains of the Northeast are concentrated here, as Tây Côn Lĩnh, Kiêu Liêu Ti.

The northern part junction with Vietnam-China border are the plateau (highland) turns from west to east are: Bắc Hà, Quản Bạ, Đồng Văn. Two first plateau has an average elevation of 1000-1200m. Đồng Văn Plateau is 1600m. Rivers and streams flowing through the plateau created long and deep canyons. There are also some small plains, like Thất Khê, Lạng Sơn, Lộc Bình, and Cao Bằng.

To the east, from the Gâm River's middle into the sea, which is lower than many mountains arc turned eastward turn from east to west is the Gâm River's anticline, Ngân Sơn-Yên Lạc Bow, Bắc Sơn Massif, Đông Triều Mountain range. Mountains rising above the sea form the famous scenery of Hạ Long. The arc of these mountains are mostly covered tail at Tam Đảo.

Southwest, from Phú Thọ, southern Tuyên Quang, southern Yên Bái and Thái Nguyên, lower toward the plain. It is called as the "midlands". The height of this section is about 100–150 m.

The Northeast has many rivers flow through, including the major river of the Red, Chảy, Lô, Gâm (the Red rivers system), Cầu, Thương, Lục Nam (in Thái Bình river system), Bằng, Bắc Giang, Kỳ Cùng...

Northeast's sea region has many large and small islands, nearly 2/3 the number of Vietnam's sea islands (including the Hoàng Sa and Trường Sa).

History

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During the multiple eras of Vietnam under Chinese rule, this region was often controlled by Chinese dynasties for almost a thousand years, beginning from the Han dynasty when they had conquered Nanyue. It left a legacy whereby this region is the most heavily sinicized in Vietnam. Even today, many cross-border changes occur with the contemporary People's Republic of China (PRC). Many of the individuals who live here have partial Chinese ancestry, and it is not uncommon for Chinese languages to be heard in this region, such as in cities like Lạng Sơn (谅山) and Móng Cái (芒街).

Provinces

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Statistics of Northeast Vietnam (Đông Bắc)
Province-
Level
Division 		Capital Population
(2023)[1] 		Area
(in km2)[1][2]
Bắc Giang Bắc Giang 1,922,740 3,895.89
Bắc Kạn Bắc Kạn 326,500 4,859.96
Cao Bằng Cao Bằng 547,880 6,700.39
Hà Giang Hà Giang 899,860 7,927.55
Lạng Sơn Lạng Sơn 807,320 8,310.18
Phú Thọ Việt Trì 1,530,770 3,534.56
Quảng Ninh Hạ Long 1,381,200 6,207.93
Thái Nguyên Thái Nguyên 1,350,350 3,521.97
Tuyên Quang Tuyên Quang 812,220 5,867.95
  • The two provinces Lào Cai and Yên Bái are usually seen as part of the Northwest region.
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Area, population and population density by province". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved 12 April 2024. – Interactive table which you can view by making your selection in three boxes: (1) Cities, provinces: Select all; (2) Year: Select 2022; (3) Items: Select all.
  2. ^ a b Phê duyệt và công bố kết quả thống kê diện tích đất đai năm 2022 [Approve and announce the results of land area statistics in 2022] (Decision 3048/QĐ-BTNMT) (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam). 18 October 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
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Đông Bắc Region
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21°42′05″N 106°13′17″E / 21.70139°N 106.22139°E / 21.70139; 106.22139

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