Hà Nam province
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2015) |
Hà Nam | |
|---|---|
        Phủ Lý City • Bà-banh Temple • Sở Kiện Cathedral • Hà Hoa Tiên University • Đáy River • Yên Lệnh Bridge • Đoan Vỹ Bridge | |
 Seal | |
| Nickname: South of the river | |
 Location of Hà Nam within Vietnam | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 20°35′N 106°0′E / 20.583°N 106.000°E | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Region | Red River Delta |
| Capital | Phủ Lý |
| Government | |
| • People's Council Chair | Tăng Văn Phả |
| • People's Committee Chair | Đinh Văn Cường |
| Area | |
| • Total | 861.93 km2 (332.79 sq mi) |
| Population (2023)[2] | |
| • Total | 985,914 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnicities | Kinh, Tày-Nùng, Mường, Hoa |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Total | VND 44.613 trillion US$ 1.938 billion |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Area codes | 226 |
| ISO 3166 code | VN-63 |
| HDI (2020) |  0.759[4](13th) |
| Website | www |
Hà Nam is a province of northern Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.
History
[edit].jpg)
Its name Hà-nam (河南) means "the south of the river", but it was only grafted from Hà-nội and Nam-định by the French administrative managers about the early of XX century. The territory of this province is not located in the South of any river in fact.
Hà Nam, and Vietnam as a whole, implemented the second five-year plan between 1975 and 1980. This plan included protecting the country's national border and gradually overcoming difficulties within the country itself. Between 1981 and 1985, the administration attempted to improve the society and culture of Vietnam.
The years between 1975 and 1985 were a difficult time for the country in general and for Hà Nam province in particular. In this period, the society and economy of Vietnam went through a number of severe difficulties and the majority of the population's standard of living was very low. Despite these events, Hà Nam still managed to make some important gains.
According to a policy from 2016 based on the results of the census of the provinces, the National Assembly of Vietnam has set the separation of Hà Nam province to make two parts to expand the Southern area of Hanoi and the North of Nam Định City. However, this project was controversial in local governments : While Nam Định proposed to return to the boundary before the French colonial period, Hanoi wanted to occupy the whole Phủ Lý City to use as the capital of Ứng Hòa district. Therefore, the project had to temporarily put aside indefinitely.
Culture
[edit]Hà Nam is the only area in Vietnam that regularly holds the record that the province has a majority of the population being the Christian under the Holy See.
The three persons are considered to be the most outstanding in Hà Nam including : Poet Nguyễn Khuyến, politician Lý Đông A and writer Nam Cao.
Before the 1970s, the composition of the population of Hà Nam province was mostly Kinh people. Besides, there are Hoa people settled in Phủ Lý town and Lý Nhân district, a few people in the area adjacent to Hòa Bình province. However, this situation was changed because of the Sino-Vietnamese border conflict. There was a part of the residents from Lào Cai, Cao Bằng, Bắc Kạn and Lạng Sơn who asylum of war have established or married the people of the Red River Delta. That is why in the census from the 1980s to the present, the Hà Nam residents have included new groups such as Tày-Nùng, Thái, Cao Lan, Hmong, Dao... These groups are in order to serve all the hybrids should be called as Tày-Nùng.
Historically, Hà Nam province has witnessed two events, causing the population to lose most : The devastating attack of the Tayson forces in 1789 and the famine in 1945. That leads to sparse in population size and weakness of production capacity, although the soil here is very suitable for food crops. According to a report in 1948 by writer Nam Cao, the terrible famine in 1945 "will make our descendants in 2000 still shudder in fear". However, until the early 2020s, Hà Nam province is still considered to be the only region in Vietnam with lower terrain than sea level, which is why it is called low-lying fields (vùng chiêm trũng) by media and literature. All of its traditional economy is only water rice and bananas. Bananas of this province not only enter literature but also considered as specialties for tribute to many dynasties (chuối tiến vua).
Before the 2000s, Hà Nam was basically one of the least developed provinces in Vietnam. Whenever it comes to it, folks in the Southern part of the Red River Delta only called the names of the Ba Sao Leprosy Camp and Cao Đà Mental Centre. This ridicule only really ends when the Provincial People's Committee approves the program to promote economy. Currently, Ba Sao township has been renovated into Tam Chúc Tourism Complex, while Cao Đà commune (Vũ Đại Village in literature) has become a model address of Vietnam's eco-tourism movement : Rice wine (or Chí Phèo Wine), onion porridge (Thị Nở Porridge), braised fish (Vũ Đại Fish), grilled toad with straw and mud, royal banana, go fishing, rice harvest, pottery... Because the terrain features have many rivers and weak ground, in the past, Hà Nam had almost no large architectural works. It is a disadvantage but has been renovated into advantages. Currently, many villages here still maintain houses which is made of mud and straw with hundreds of years.
In 1894, some farmers in Ngọc Lũ hamlet (k'lu or kẻ lũ means "the buffalo" in ancient Annamese language ; now in Nam Sang commune of Lý Nhân district) discovered an ancienf bronze drum. It immediately became a local treasure and even was worshiped like a god (Đồng Cổ thần, "the spirit of the bronze drum"). Since then, many bronze drums have been discovered in South China and Southeast Asia, so they are collectively referred to as the Ngoclu drums. This drum is now included in the province's emblem.
Economy
[edit]Throughout the early of XXI century, Hà Nam province concentrated their efforts on implementing an extensive irrigation system, widening the area suitable for growing crops, developing the manner in which cattle were raised in the area and applying technical scientific advances. As a result of these operations, a high number of co-operatives in the province reached five tons per hectare by 1987. Furthermore, agrarian districts supplied tens of thousands of tonnes of food for the state.
The handicraft industries continued to develop in both the quantity and the quality of the products being produced. Basic education standards developed quickly and equally. The areas of information culture, medical and sports were opened and intensified at a grassroots level.
The Sino-Vietnamese War, which broke out during February 1979, had a direct influence on the socio-economic situation in Hà Nam province in particular. Hà Nam province's population became involved in the struggling movement via military enrollment and the local military force began assisting the defense and security plans of the nation.
Throughout the early years of the 1980s, Vietnam became involved in implementing the Third five-year plan as a result of changes in the global climate. The population and the various sectors faced a number of difficulties, including the delivery of raw materials and food. The instability of the economy intensified, resulting in rapid inflation and soaring prices.
The release of Decree 100/CT/TW on January 13, 1981, was an effective measure to boost activeness and creation in production and delivery. This managed to bring the nation's agriculture problems under control.
From 1981 to 1985, Hà Nam's co-efficient use of land increased from 1.5 to 1.76 and food productivity continued to rise throughout this period. The industrial and small handicraft services created plenty of jobs for laborers. Furthermore, localities became increasingly involved in exporting goods such as jute, groundnut, garlic and sesame.
The standards of education were maintained and continued to follow the objectives of the reforms passed. Oriental and western medicine were integrated effectively in examination procedures. The media soon gained access to undiscovered knowledge and continued to help meet political aims in the province.
An embroidering enterprise
[edit](Thanh Hà - Thanh Liêm)
In 1986, the country became involved in a renovation process. The administrative subsidy mechanism was erased, creating favorable conditions for developing a multi-sector economy. The economic and investment structure focused on four socio-economic programs. Social-cultural, technical science and medical activities were intensified and agriculture increased remarkably. The private economy continued to develop, attracting many laborers and banking and financial operations found their place in society.
A corner of Phủ Lý Park
[edit]In late 1966, Hà Nam's agricultural production gained a total productivity value of VND960.84 billion: food production achieved 319.435 tons. The average food allowance was 402 kg per head. In addition to the main rice crop, maize, groundnut and peanut crops continued to strengthen. Cattle and poultry production rose 3-5% per annum.
Water surface areas were used to develop aquatic products. For example, thousands of bamboo trees were planted to protect dikes, millions of cubic meters of land were dug, covered and dredged and thousands of cubic meters of stones were used to cover the channels.
Street in safety
[edit]In the field of industry and small handicraft production, during the era of the early 1990s, despite a number of difficulties in obtaining materials, certain products were still being developed. For example, Thanh Hà embroidery, Kiện Khê stone, An Đổ smoothing, Động Sơn knitting and Đại Thành weaving.
The industrial production value of 1996 was VND286.75 billion, including VND19.11 billion from the central industry and VND267.64 from the local industries. At this time, a private enterprise consisting of nine bases was set up and attracted nearly 400 laborers.
Administration
[edit]Hà Nam is subdivided into six district-level sub-divisions:
- 4 districts:
They are further subdivided into seven commune-level towns (or townlets), 98 communes, and 11 wards.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Biểu số 4.2: Hiện trạng sử dụng đất vùng Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng năm 2022 [Table 4.2: Current land use status in the Red River Delta in 2022] (PDF) (Decision 3048/QĐ-BTNMT) (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam). 18 October 2023. – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers
- ^ Statistical Handbook of Vietnam 2014 Archived July 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, General Statistics Office Of Vietnam
- ^ "Tình hình kinh tế, xã hội Hà Nam năm 2018". UBND tỉnh Hà Nam. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ "Human Development Index by province(*) by Cities, provincies and Year". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
External links
[edit]- Government of Hà Nam Archived 2006-02-03 at the Wayback Machine (in English)
Places adjacent to Hà Nam province | |
|---|---|
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
