Nitrospirota

Nitrospirota
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Nitrospirota; Garrity & Holt 2021
Classes & Orders
	"Leptospirillia" "Leptospirillales"; ; Nitrospiria "Nitrospirales"; "Troglogloeales"; ; "Thermodesulfovibrionia" "Thermodesulfovibrionales"; ;
Synonyms
	"Nitrospirae" Garrity and Holt 2001; "Nitrospiraeota" Oren et al. 2015; "Nitrospirota" Whitman et al. 2018;

Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985.^[2] The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.^[3]^[4]

Nitrospirota contains nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB^[5]) and commamox bacteria Nitrospira inopinata discovered in 2015^[6]^[7] and cultivated in 2017.^[8]

Phylogeny

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023^[9]^[10]^[11]

120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214^[12]^[13]^[14]

Nitrospirota

"Leptospirillia"

"Leptospirillaceae"

	L. ferriphilum

	L. ferrooxidans

Leptospirillum

"Leptospirillales"

Thermodesulfovibrionia

Dissulfurispiraceae

Dissulfurispira thermophila

Thermodesulfovibrionaceae

T. hydrogeniphilus

T. aggregans

T. thiophilus

	T. islandicus

	T. yellowstonii

Thermodesulfovibrio

Thermodesulfovibrionales

"Leptospirillaeota"

"Leptospirillales"

"Leptospirillum"

L. ferrooxidans

	"L. rubarum"

	L. ferriphilum

"Leptospirillaceae"

"Leptospirillia"

Nitrospirota

"Thermodesulfovibrionia"

"Magnetobacteriaceae"

	"Ca. Magnetobacterium casense"

	"Ca. Magnetominusculus xianensis"

"Sulfobiaceae"	"Ca. Sulfobium mesophilum"

Dissulfurispiraceae

Dissulfurispira thermophila

Thermodesulfovibrionaceae

T. thiophilus

	T. aggregans

	T. yellowstonii

Thermodesulfovibrio

"Thermodesulfovibrionales"

"Nitrospiria"

"Troglogloeales"

"Ca. Manganitrophus noduliformans"

"Manganitrophaceae"

"Nitrospirales"

Nitrospira

"N. defluvii"

"N. japonica"

"N. lenta"

N. moscoviensis

"Ca. N. inopinata"

"Ca. N. kreftii"

	"Ca. N. nitrosa"

	"Ca. N. nitrificans"

"Nitrospiraceae"

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)^[15] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[4]

Phylum "Nitrospirota" Garrity & Holt 2021
- Genus "Candidatus Magnetocorallium" Zhao et al. 2023
  - Species "Ca. M. paracelense" Zhao et al. 2023
- Genus "Candidatus Magnetomicrobium" Zhang et al. 2021
  - Species "Ca. M. cryptolimnococcus" Zhang et al. 2021
- Genus "Candidatus Nitrobium" Arshad et al. 2017
  - Species "Ca. N. versatile" Arshad et al. 2017
- Genus "Candidatus Thermomagnetovibrio" Lefèvre et al. 2010
  - Species "Ca. T. paiutensis" Lefèvre et al. 2010
- Class "Leptospirillia"
  - Order "Leptospirillales"
    - Family "Leptospirillaceae" Cavalier-Smith 2020
      - Genus Leptospirillum Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
        Species "L. ferrodiazotrophum" Tyson et al. 2005
        
        Species L. ferriphilum Coram & Rawlings 2002
        
        Species L. ferrooxidans Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
        
        Species "L. rubarum" Aliaga Goltsman et al. 2009
        
        Species L. thermoferrooxidans Hippe 2000
- Class Nitrospiria Oren et al. 2015
  - Order "Nitrospirales" Garrity & Holt 2001
    - Family "Nitrospiraceae" Garrity & Holt 2001
      - Genus "Candidatus Nitronereus" Mueller et al. 2023
        Species "Ca. N. thalassa" Mueller et al. 2023
      - Genus "Candidatus Porinitrospira" Taylor et al. 2022
        Species "Ca. P. cymbastela" Taylor et al. 2022
      - Genus Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986
        Species "Ca. N. alkalitolerans" Daebeler et al. 2020
        
        Species "Ca. N. bockiana" Lebedeva et al. 2008
        
        Species N. calida Lebedeva et al. 2011
        
        Species N. defluvii Nowka et al. 2015
        
        Species "Ca. N. inopinata" Daims et al. 2015
        
        Species N. japonica Ushiki et al. 2013
        
        Species "Ca. N. kreftii" Sakoula et al. 2021
        
        Species N. lenta Nowka et al. 2015
        
        Species N. marina Watson et al. 1986 (type sp.)
        
        Species N. moscoviensis Ehrich et al. 1995
        
        Species "Ca. N. nitrificans" van Kessel et al. 2015
        
        Species "Ca. N. nitrosa" van Kessel et al. 2015
        
        Species "Ca. N. salsa" Haaijer et al. 2013
  - Order "Troglogloeales" Yu et al. 2022
    - Genus "Candidatus Troglogloea" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
      - Species "Ca. T. absolonii" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
    - Family "Manganitrophaceae" Yu et al. 2022
      - Genus "Candidatus Manganitrophus" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
        Species "Ca. M. morganii" Yu et al. 2022
        
        Species "Ca. M. noduliformans" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
- Class Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021
  - Order "Mariimomonadales" Yoon et al. 2023
    - Family "Mariimomonadaceae" Yoon et al. 2023
      - Genus "Ca. Mariimomonas Yoon et al. 2023
        Species "Ca. M. ferrooxydans" Yoon et al. 2023
  - Order "Thermodesulfovibrionales" Umezawa et al. 2021
    - Family Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021
      - Genus Dissulfurispira Umezawa et al. 2021
        Species D. thermophila Umezawa et al. 2021
    - Family Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021
      - Genus "Candidatus Magnetobacterium" Spring et al. 1993
        Species "Ca. M. bavaricum" Spring et al. 1993
        
        Species "Ca. M. casense" corrig. Lin et al. 2014
      - Genus "Candidatus Magnetominusculus" Lin et al. 2017
        Species "Ca. M. xianensis" Lin et al. 2017
      - Genus "Candidatus Magnetovum" corrig. Lefevre et al. 2011
        Species "Ca. M. chiemensis" Kolinko 2014
        
        Species "Ca. M. mohavensis" Lefevre et al. 2011
      - Genus "Candidatus Sulfobium" Zecchin et al. 2018
        Species "Ca. S. mesophilum" Zecchin et al. 2018
      - Genus Thermodesulfovibrio Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
        Species T. aggregans Sekiguchi et al. 2008
        
        Species T. hydrogeniphilus Haouari et al. 2009
        
        Species T. islandicus Sonne-Hansen and Ahring 2000
        
        Species T. thiophilus Sekiguchi et al. 2008
        
        Species T. yellowstonii Henry et al. 1994 (type sp.)

References

^ Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.
^ Watson SW, Bock E, Valois FW, Waterbury JB, Schlosser U (1986). "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium". Arch Microbiol. 144 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. S2CID 29796511.
^ Ehrich S, Behrens D, Lebedeva E, Ludwig W, Bock E (July 1995). "A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship". Archives of Microbiology. 164 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1007/BF02568729. PMID 7646315. S2CID 2702110.
^ ^a ^b Sayers. "Nitrospirae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
^ Daims H, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Schleifer KH, Wagner M (November 2001). "In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (11): 5273–84. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67.5273D. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5273-5284.2001. PMC 93301. PMID 11679356.
^ Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria". Nature. 528 (7583): 504–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..504D. doi:10.1038/nature16461. PMC 5152751. PMID 26610024.
^ van Kessel MA, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Op den Camp HJ, Kartal B, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism". Nature. 528 (7583): 555–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..555V. doi:10.1038/nature16459. PMC 4878690. PMID 26610025.
^ Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, et al. (September 2017). "Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle". Nature. 549 (7671): 269–272. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..269K. doi:10.1038/nature23679. PMC 5600814. PMID 28847001.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ Euzéby JP. ""Nitrospirae"". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.

External links

"Leptospirillum sp".

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[1] Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.

[2] Watson SW, Bock E, Valois FW, Waterbury JB, Schlosser U (1986). "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium". Arch Microbiol. 144 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. S2CID 29796511.

[3] Ehrich S, Behrens D, Lebedeva E, Ludwig W, Bock E (July 1995). "A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship". Archives of Microbiology. 164 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1007/BF02568729. PMID 7646315. S2CID 2702110.

[NCBI-4] Sayers. "Nitrospirae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.

[5] Daims H, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Schleifer KH, Wagner M (November 2001). "In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (11): 5273–84. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67.5273D. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5273-5284.2001. PMC 93301. PMID 11679356.

[6] Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria". Nature. 528 (7583): 504–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..504D. doi:10.1038/nature16461. PMC 5152751. PMID 26610024.

[7] van Kessel MA, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Op den Camp HJ, Kartal B, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism". Nature. 528 (7583): 555–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..555V. doi:10.1038/nature16459. PMC 4878690. PMID 26610025.

[8] Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, et al. (September 2017). "Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle". Nature. 549 (7671): 269–272. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..269K. doi:10.1038/nature23679. PMC 5600814. PMID 28847001.

[LTP-9] "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[10] "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[11] "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[about-12] "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[tree-13] "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[taxon_history-14] "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[15] Euzéby JP. ""Nitrospirae"". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.

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Nitrospirota

Phylogeny

Taxonomy

See also

References

Further reading

External links