Mithridates II of Pontus

Mithridates II of Pontus
Mithridates II of Pontus
Basileus
King of Pontus
Reign	250 BC - 210 BC
Predecessor	Ariobarzanes of Pontus
Successor	Mithridates III of Pontus
Spouse	Laodice (Sister of Seleucus II)
Issue	Laodice III; Laodice of Pontus; Mithridates III of Pontus
Dynasty	Mithridatic
Father	Ariobarzanes of Pontus
Military career
Allegiance	Kingdom of Pontus
Rank	Basileus
Battles / wars	Battle of Ancyra; Conflict with Sinope;

Mithridates II (Greek: Mιθριδάτης; lived 3rd century BC), third king of Pontus and son of Ariobarzanes, whom he succeeded on the throne.

Early life

He was a minor when his father died, but the date of his accession cannot be determined. It seems probable that it must have taken place well before 240 BC, as Memnon tells us that he was a child at his father's death, and he had a daughter of marriageable age in 222 BC. Shortly after his accession, his kingdom was invaded by the Gauls, who were eventually repulsed.^[1]

After Mithridates attained manhood, he married Laodice, a sister of Antiochus Hierax and Seleucus II Callinicus, with whom he is said to have received the province of Phrygia as a dowry.

Reign

Conflict with Seleucus II Callinicus

In 245 BCE Antiochus Hierax, supported by his mother Laodice I who held influence in Anatolia,^[2] demands the possession of Anatolia (Asia Minor) from his brother Seleucus II Callinicus and quickly declares his independence in order to expand his territory and his authority. Seleucus, struggling against the Ptolemaic forces in the south, has no choice but to tolerate.

Mithridates II fought with his mother-in-law and Hierax and their allies, against his other brother-in-law Seleucus during a war between Seleucus and Antiochus Hierax. Eventually, Mithridates defeated Seleucus in a great battle at Ancyra in 235 BC whereby Seleucus lost twenty thousand of his troops and narrowly escaped with his own life. Hierax died in 226 BCE.

Later Reign

In 222 BCE, Mithridates II gave his daughter Laodice in marriage to the Seleucid king Antiochus III. Another of his daughters, also named Laodice, was married about the same time to Achaeus, the cousin of Antiochus.^[3]

In 220 BC, Mithridates declared war upon the wealthy and powerful city of Sinope. However, he was unable to weaken it and the city did not come under the control of the kings of Pontus until 183 BC.^[4]

In 227 BC, Mithridates II vied with the other monarchs of Asia in sending magnificent presents to the Rhodians, after the destruction of their city by an earthquake.^[5]

Death

The date of his death is unknown. He was succeeded by Mithridates III, his son with Laodice.

Notes

^ Memnon, History of Heracleia, 24.
^ Justin, Epitome of the Phillipic History of Pompeius Trogus, XXVII
^ Polybius, Histories, v. 43, 74, viii. 22.
^ Polybius, Histories, iv. 56.
^ Polybius, Histories, v. 90.

References

Hazel, John. Who's Who in the Greek World. "Mithridates II", 2003.
Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Mithridates IV", Boston, (1867).
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Mithridates". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 2. pp. 1095–96.

Preceded by Ariobarzanes	King of Pontus c. 250 BC – c. 210 BC	Succeeded by Mithridates III

[memnon_24-1] Memnon, History of Heracleia, 24.

[2] Justin, Epitome of the Phillipic History of Pompeius Trogus, XXVII

[poly_5.43_74_8.22-3] Polybius, Histories, v. 43, 74, viii. 22.

[poly_4.56-4] Polybius, Histories, iv. 56.

[poly_5.90-5] Polybius, Histories, v. 90.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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Lysimachids	Lysimachus Ptolemy Epigonos
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Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I
Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
Monarchs of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus
Monarchs of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos with Laodice Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Monarchs of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
Monarchs of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus
Monarchs of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V [ru] Kamasarye Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius's attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon Aspurgus Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
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Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.