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Miguel A. Faria Jr.

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Miguel A. Faria Jr.
Born (1952-09-30) 30 September 1952 (age 72)
Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
EducationUniversity of South Carolina
Medical University of South Carolina
University of Florida
Emory University
Medical career
ProfessionNeurosurgeon, medical editor, professor, author, writer, medical historian

Miguel A. Faria Jr. (born 30 September 1952) is Associate Editor in Chief in neuropsychiatry; history of medicine; and socioeconomics, politics, and world affairs of Surgical Neurology International (SNI) from 2012–present, before that a member of the editorial board of Surgical Neurology from 2004 to 2010. He is a retired neurosurgeon and neuroscientist,[1][2][3][4][5] medical editor and author, medical historian and medical ethicist,[6][7] public health critic,[8][9] and advocate for the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.[10][11][12]

Early life and education

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Faria was born in Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. Faria's parents were members of the urban underground Revolutionary Directorate (Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil; DRE) under Faure Chomón and Rolando Cubela that fought against Fulgencio Batista.[13] Faria (age 13) and his father, also a physician, were prompted to escape from Cuba while under the watch of Cuba's State Security. Their escape through several Caribbean islands is narrated in Faria's book.[14]

Faria entered and completed his undergraduate studies at the University of South Carolina, receiving a BS degree (Biology and Psychology) and graduating magna cum laude in 1973. He then attended the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, South Carolina, and was inducted into Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society (1975) in his second year. Faria graduated with honors, receiving the Merck's Manual Award for scholastic achievement, and earning his M.D. degree in 1977. He was a friend and classmate of the prominent oncology surgeon, S. Eva Singletary. Faria completed his surgical internship at Shands Teaching Hospital at the University of Florida (1977–1978), and his neurosurgical residency at Emory University (1978–1983).[15][16]

Professional life

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Faria practiced neurosurgery in Macon, Georgia, at HCA Coliseum Medical Centers, where he served as Chief of staff. Faria was also clinical professor of neurosurgery (ret.) and adjunct professor of medical history (ret.) at Mercer University School of Medicine.[16] Faria has written over 200 medical, scientific, and professional articles as well as letters or editorials published in the medical literature. More than 70 of these articles are currently indexed in PubMed.[17][18][19] His specialties range from brain surgery for the removal of cerebral tumors; traumatic blood clots of the brain; diagnosis and treatment of pituitary tumors via microsurgery;[4] diagnosis and treatment of cerebral aneurysms[5] and arteriovenous malformations;[1][20] radiographic techniques;[21] diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the Chiari type I and II malformations;[2][3][22] advances in neurosurgery;[23][24] to medical history and politics.[6][7][25][26][27]

Faria served on the Injury Research Grant Review Committee (later renamed the Initial Review Group [IRG]) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)[28] from 2002–2005, reviewing grants seeking public funding for scientific and technical merit in the area of injury prevention and control.

During the 1990s, Faria was involved in a gun control debate regarding the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC).[29][30][31][32][33] Faria felt that the NCIPC's program on gun violence was biased against gun owners, promoting "politicized, result-oriented research."[34][35][36][37] In March 1996, Faria testified before the U.S. House Appropriations Subcommittee for Labor, Health, and Human Services to that effect stating, "I have yet to see a published report that has been funded by the NCIPC in which the benefits of firearms in the hands of law-abiding citizens have been published even though they are there ... if you don't conclude that guns are bad and that they need to be eradicated because they are a 'public health menace,' they are not published."[9][38] Congress eventually prohibited the CDC from funding gun research and proscribed public health officials from using taxpayer's money in lobbying and participating in politically partisan activities.[33][39]

Humanitarian effort

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In March 1990, Faria traveled to El Salvador as part of a mission sponsored by the politically conservative Accuracy in Media (AIM). During this trip to El Salvador, Faria visited hospitals and orphanages. After his return to the United States, Faria, who was then serving as chief-of-staff at HCA Coliseum Medical Centers in Macon, Georgia, convinced Dr. Thomas F. Frist, Jr., chief executive officer of Hospital Corporation of America, to send humanitarian assistance to El Salvador. As a result of Faria's effort, Salvadoran hospitals received a shipment of medications, beds, wheelchairs and physical therapy equipment.[40][41][42][43]

Publications and editorships

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During 1993–1995, Faria was the editor of the Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, taking that state medical journal to national prominence and controversy, which resulted in pressure on him to resign.[44][45][46] Faria has also described the circumstances surrounding his resignation in correspondence and in his book Medical Warrior.[47][48][49][50][51] In 1996 Faria founded and served as editor-in-chief of the Medical Sentinel of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS). As editor of the Medical Sentinel, Faria called for an "open data, public review policy in peer reviewed medical journalism."[52] He called for other medical journal editors to post research data online thereby allowing investigators to validate scientific conclusions before public policy is implemented, particularly in the area of public health. The purpose of this policy is to ensure that public policy is dictated by sound scientific principles and not by premature assertions or tainted by politics or ideology.[52] Faria left AAPS in 2002 to pursue other interests.[53][54]

From 2004 to 2010, Faria served on the editorial board of Surgical Neurology, an international journal of neurosurgery, formerly the Official International Journal of the Neurosurgical Societies of Belgium, Brazil, China, Romania, Russia, and Taiwan. Surgical Neurology International, its successor publication, was also headed by James I. Ausman, M.D., editor-in-chief. Faria was one of its editors, along with his colleague, Dr. Russell Blaylock. In 2003 Faria published a three part history of surgery article, "Violence, Mental Illness, and the Brain – A Brief History of Psychosurgery."[55][56]

In 2015, a raging debate began between Faria and Ezekiel Emanuel on the issue of bioethics and longevity, following the latter's publication of an article stating life was not worth living after age 75 and that longevity was not a worthwhile goal in health care policy.[57] This was denied by Faria, who claimed that life could still be fruitful and rewarding after that age, if healthy lifestyles are led. Faria states that longevity is a worthwhile goal and that the compression of morbidity of James Fries should be upgraded from a hypothesis to a theory.[58][59] This debate also pits traditional individual-based medical ethicists against the utilitarian perspective of the modern bioethics movement.

Faria researched Soviet communism and expounded on the political crimes committed by the Soviet totalitarian regime, particularly those that took place during the Russian Revolution and subsequently by Joseph Stalin.[60] Faria propounded a theory of the political spectrum that depends on the degrees of individual liberty as opposed to government control, redefining the political left to include fascism as well as communism.[61]

Faria has also published an intriguing medical history article positing that Stalin's death was due to deliberate poisoning by a cabal of his inner circle, who also delayed medical treatment. His article hinges on the work of previous investigators but is substantiated by clinical reports and autopsy findings, which were published in Pravda contemporaneously but forgotten in the Soviet archives.[62][63][64] Faria has also elaborated on Stalin's infamous Doctors Plot, a developing antisemitic plot, which was only just barely aborted by Stalin's death.[65]

Faria has written or coauthored several chapters in medical textbooks,[66][67][68] and his works are cited and referenced in a number of other books and publications.[9][38][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] He is the author of three books: Vandals at the Gates of Medicine — Historic Perspectives on the Battle Over Health Care Reform (1995),[78] Medical Warrior: Fighting Corporate Socialized Medicine (1997),[79] and Cuba in Revolution: Escape From a Lost Paradise (2002). [80] Faria's last historical and autobiographical book, Cuba in Revolution – Escape From a Lost Paradise, details his childhood experiences and his family's involvement in the Cuban Revolution. On October 1, 2019, Faria's book, America, Guns, and Freedom: A Journey Into Politics and the Public Health & Gun Control Movements was released.[81] His most recent books are Controversies in Medicine and Neuroscience: Through the Prism of History, Neurobiology, and Bioethics published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing on March 23, 2023. [82], Cuba’s Eternal Revolution through the Prism of Insurgency, Socialism, and Espionage (June, 2023),[83] and Stalin, Mao, Communism, and the 21st Century Aftermath in Russia and China (2024) [84]

Appointments

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  • Editor of the Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia (1993–1995)
  • Founder and editor-in-chief of the Medical Sentinel (1996-2003)
  • Clinical Professor of Surgery (Neurosurgery, ret.) Mercer University School of Medicine
  • Adjunct Professor of Medical History (ret.) Mercer University School of Medicine
  • Neuroscience Preceptorship (ret.). Mercer University School of Medicine
  • Chief of staff, HCA Coliseum Medical Centers, 1989; honorary staff to the present
  • Ex-member of the Injury Research Grant Review Committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2002–2005)
  • Member of the editorial board of Surgical Neurology, an international journal of clinical neurosurgery (2004–2010)
  • Associate Editor in Chief in neuropsychiatry; history of medicine; and socioeconomics, politics, and world affairs of Surgical Neurology International ("SNI"; 2011–present.)

Awards and memberships

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Professional publications and scholarly citations

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  • Over 200 medical, scientific, and professional articles as well as letters or editorials published in the medical literature and popular press. More than seventy of these articles are currently listed by NCBI/PubMed.[17] and[18] Citations of Faria's work are searchable under Google Scholar Listings[19] and Google Book Citations[27]

References

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  1. ^ a b Faria, MA Jr; Fleischer AS (February 1980). "Dual cerebral and meningeal supply to giant arteriovenous malformations of the posterior cerebral hemisphere". Journal of Neurosurgery. 52 (2): 153–61. doi:10.3171/jns.1980.52.2.0153. PMID 7351554.
  2. ^ a b Faria MA Jr, Tindall GT. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of the Chiari Malformation. Contemporary Neurosurgery 1980 2 (Lesson 9)
  3. ^ a b Faria, MA Jr; Spector RH, Tindall GT (May 1980). "Downbeat nystagmus as the salient manifestation of the Arnold-Chiari Malformation". Surg Neurol. 13 (5): 333–6. PMID 7384997.
  4. ^ a b Faria, MA Jr; Tindall GT (January 1982). "Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: Results in 100 women with the Amenorrhea-Galactorrhea Syndrome". J Neurosurg. 56 (1): 33–43. doi:10.3171/jns.1982.56.1.0033. PMID 7198681.
  5. ^ a b Fleischer, AS; Faria MA Jr, Hoffman JC (October 1979). "Pseudoaneurysm complicating superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass". Surg Neurol. 12 (4): 305–6. PMID 524245.
  6. ^ a b Faria, MA Jr (September 1990). "Dominique-Jean Larrey: Napoleon's Surgeon from Egypt to Waterloo". J Med Assoc Ga. 79 (9): 693–5. PMID 2212907.
  7. ^ a b Faria, MA Jr (December 1992). "The Death of Henry II of France". J Neurosurg. 77 (6): 964–9. doi:10.3171/jns.1992.77.6.0964. PMID 1432144.
  8. ^ "Gun control: Medical ethics issue, public health concern, or political bias?". Medical Ethics Advisor, June 2007. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  9. ^ a b c "Hearings Before a House Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session". Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1997: Testimony of Members of Congress and Other Interested Individuals and Organizations. Hearing Volume, Part 7: 935–970. 6 March 1996. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  10. ^ Kurland PB, Gunther G, Casper G (2008). Landmark Briefs and Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States: Constitutional Law, Volume 380. Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America. pp. 881, 886, 893.
  11. ^ Casper G, Sullivan KM. Landmark Briefs and Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States: Constitutional Law, Volumes 380–382, Part 1 of District of Columbia V. Heller, 2008 Term Supplement. Lexis/Nexis 2008. pp. 881, 893.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  12. ^ {{cite journal|last=Amicus Brief No. 07-290 In the Supreme Court of the United States District of Columbia, et al., Petitioners, v. Dick Anthony Heller, Respondent. On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. |title=Brief for Amicus Curiae Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Inc. in Support of Respondent. Andrew L. Schlafly Counsel for Amicus|accessdate=21 August 2024|url=https://firearmsresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Amicus-Association-of-American-Physicians-and-Surgeons.pdf
  13. ^ Faria, Miguel A. (2002). Cuba in Revolution: Escape From a Lost Paradise. Macon, Ga.: Hacienda Pub. pp. 14–129. ISBN 0-9641077-3-2.
  14. ^ Solera RA. "Book Review of Cuba in Revolution– Escape from a Lost Paradise. La Nueva Cuba". LaNuevaCuba.com, 1 February 2002. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  15. ^ "About Us". Hacienda Publishing (2011). Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  16. ^ a b Who's Who in Georgia 1988–89. Atlanta, GA: Southern Highlands Foundation. 1989. p. 149.
  17. ^ a b "NCBI/PubMed Faria MA Jr". Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  18. ^ a b "NCBI/PubMed Faria MA". Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  19. ^ a b "Google Scholar Listing Faria MA". Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  20. ^ Schlachter LB, Fleischer AS, Faria MA Jr, Tindall GT (November 1980). "Multifocal Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations". Neurosurgery. 7 (5): 440–4. doi:10.1097/00006123-198011000-00002. PMID 7442986.
  21. ^ Faria MA Jr; Hoffman JC; O'Brien MS (1984). "Metrizamide Cisternography and the management of the Chiari II malformation". Child's Brain. 11 (4): 242–9. doi:10.1159/000120182. PMID 6744987. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  22. ^ Faria MA Jr (1988). "Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari Malformations". J Neurosurg. 68 (2): 316–7. doi:10.3171/jns.1988.68.2.0316. PMID 3339451.
  23. ^ Faria MA Jr; O'Brien MS; Tindall GT (1980). "A technique for the evaluation of ventricular shunts using Amipaque and computerized tomography". J Neurosurg. 53 (1): 92–6. doi:10.3171/jns.1980.53.1.0092. PMID 7411213. S2CID 39065080.
  24. ^ Tindall GT, Moore W, Faria MA Jr. Neurosurgery – The Year in Review (1981). Contemporary Neurosurgery. GT Tindall and D. Long, editors. Volume 3, Lesson 27, 1982.
  25. ^ "Faria: ObamaCare — Toward Free Market or Socialized Medicine?". GOPUSA.com, 26 September 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  26. ^ Faria, MA Jr. "ObamaCare – Another Step Toward Corporate Socialized Medicine". Surg Neurol Int 2012;3:71. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  27. ^ a b "Google Book Citations". Miguel A. Faria MD. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  28. ^ "Faria Appointed to CDC Committee". Health Care News staff (1 January 2003). Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  29. ^ Hendrick B, Rochell A. CDC defends its research on guns, AIDS – Foes fault violence studies, estimate of non-gay risk. Atlanta Journal Constitution, 12 May 1996, p. 1A, A12-A13.
  30. ^ Nesmith J. CDC's violent injury unit criticized. Atlanta Journal Constitution, 7 March 1996, p. A15.
  31. ^ Associated Press. CDC fights to save gun program. Printed in the Macon Telegraph, 14 July 1996.
  32. ^ Nesmith J. A debate on guns and health. Conservative lawmakers: Agency spreads anti-firearm propaganda. Atlanta Journal Constitution, 2 May 1996, A13.
  33. ^ a b Rochell, A. "Funding ends for study that drew fire of gun lobby". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution: 2 May 1996, A13.
  34. ^ Kates DB, Schaffer HE, Waters WC (April 1997). "Public Health Pot Shots – How the CDC Succumbed to the 'Gun' Epidemic". Reason. Archived from the original on 21 October 2009: 25–29. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  35. ^ Suter EA, et al. (March 1994). "Guns in the Medical Literature – A Failure of Peer Review". Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia. 83 (3): 133–48. PMID 8201280.
  36. ^ Suter EA, Waters WC, Murray GB, et al. (June 1995). "Violence in America – Effective Solutions". Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia. 84 (6): 253–63. PMID 7616135.
  37. ^ Kates DB, Schaffer HE, Lattimer JK, Murray GB, Cassem EH (1995). "Guns and public health: epidemic of violence or pandemic of propaganda?". Tennessee Law Review. 62: 513–596. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  38. ^ a b Carter, GL (2012). Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law (Second ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 781. ISBN 978-0313386701.
  39. ^ Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Funding Opportunity Announcements, Additional Requirements – AR-13: Prohibition on Use of CDC Funds for Certain Gun Control Activities in DHS-CDC". Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  40. ^ Maley, D (12 March 1990). "Doctor just back from El Salvador cites misconceptions about the war". Macon Telegraph and News.
  41. ^ Irvine, R (1 December 1990). "Notes from the editor's cuff: Two AIM members who have not forgotten the victims". AIM Report.
  42. ^ Smith, S (25 December 1990). "Medical equipment from U.S. brightens Christmas in El Salvador". The Macon Telegraph, p. 1B.
  43. ^ Corson, E (2 January 1991). "Macon MD gets help for El Salvador wounded". The Macon Telegraph, p. 4A.
  44. ^ Associated Press. Ga. medical journal defends guns as protection. Printed in the Macon Telegraph, 20 March 1994.
  45. ^ Tucker C. Journal with disregard for life. Atlanta Journal Constitution, 18 June 1995.
  46. ^ Francis S. Doctors prescribe common sense for those who call crime a disease. Tribune Review, 3 July 1995.
  47. ^ Francis S. Divergent diagnoses on gun ills. Washington Times, 18 August 1995.
  48. ^ McDonald RR. Medical journal editor resigns over gun stance. Atlanta Journal Constitution, 20 July 1995, p. D10.
  49. ^ White J. Pro-gun physician resigns as medical journal editor. Macon Telegraph, 19 July 1995.
  50. ^ Kent PA. MD's ill treatment. Augusta Chronicle, 30 August 1995, p. 4A.
  51. ^ Orient J. Editor causes "discomfort"; pressured to resign. AAPS News, September 1995.
  52. ^ a b "Major Medical Journal Announces New "Truth-In-Research" Editorial Policy" (Press release). AAPS. 31 August 1999. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  53. ^ Health Care News (January 2003). "Dr. Miguel A. Faria, Jr". Heartland.org. Heartland Institute. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  54. ^ AAPS. "Major Changes to AAPS Peer-Reviewed Journal". aapsonline.org. Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Inc. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  55. ^ Pomeroy, Ross (8 August 2013). "Drilling Holes in Heads: A Brief History". realclearscience. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  56. ^ de Andrada, Bernardo (13 April 2013). "A brief History of Psychosurgery". Neurocirurgiao. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  57. ^ Emanuel EJ. "Why I hope to die at 75: An argument that society and families - and you - will be better off if nature takes its course swiftly and promptly". The Atlantic. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  58. ^ Faria MA (2015). "Bioethics and why I hope to live beyond age 75 attaining wisdom!: A rebuttal to Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel′s 75 age limit". Surgical Neurology International. 6. Surg Neurol Int 2015;6:35.: 35. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.152733. PMC 4360549. PMID 25789197. Retrieved 7 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
  59. ^ Faria MA. "Longevity and compression of morbidity from a neuroscience perspective: Do we have a duty to die by a certain age?". Surg Neurol Int 2015;6:49. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  60. ^ Faria, Miguel A. "Stalin, Communists, and Fatal Statistics". Haciendapublishing.com. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  61. ^ Faria, Miguel A. "The Political Spectrum (Part 1): The totalitarian left from Communism to Social Democracy". HaciendaPublishing.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  62. ^ Faria, Miguel A. (2011). "Stalin's mysterious death". Surgical Neurology International. 2. SNI: 161. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.89876. PMC 3228382. PMID 22140646. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  63. ^ Faria, Miguel A. (2015). "The death of Stalin – was it a natural death or poisoning?". Surgical Neurology International. 6. SNI: 128. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.161789. PMC 4524003. PMID 26257986.
  64. ^ Mansky, Jackie. "The True Story of the Death of Stalin". The Smithsonian Magazine. The Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  65. ^ Faria MA. "The Jewish Doctors Plot — The Aborted Holocaust in Stalin's Russia". Hacienda Publishing. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  66. ^ Givens JR, ed. (1982). Hormone Secreting Pituitary Tumors. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc. pp. 275–297. ISBN 0-8151-3530-0.
  67. ^ Fein J, Flamm E, eds. (1985). Cerebrovascular Surgery (Volume III). Springer-Verlag. pp. 785–804. ISBN 0-387-96041-4.
  68. ^ Matsumoto S, Sato K, Tamaki N, eds. (1985). Annual Review of Hydrocephalus, Volume 3. Tokyo, Japan: Neuron Publishing, Co. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-4931101210.
  69. ^ Bennett JT, DiLorenzo TJ. From Pathology to Politics: Public Health in America. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000, p. 57. ISBN 978-0765800237
  70. ^ Russo G, Molton S. Brothers in Arms: The Kennedys, The Castros, and the Politics of Murder. Bloomsbury USA, New York, NY, 2009, p. 43. ISBN 1596915323
  71. ^ Savage M. Trickle Up Poverty: Stopping Obama’s Attack on Our Borders, Economy, and Security. William Morrow, New York, NY, 2010, p. 331. ISBN 0062010972
  72. ^ HRH Princess Michael of Kent. The Serpent and the Moon: Two Rivals for the Love of a Renaissance King. Touchstone, New York, NY, 2005, p. 383. ISBN 978-0743251044
  73. ^ Lett D. Phoenix Rising: The Rise and Fall of the American Republic. AuthorHouse, Bloomington, IN, 2008, p. 562. ISBN 978-1434364111
  74. ^ Perez L, and De Aragon U. Cuban Studies 34 (Pittsburgh Cuban Studies). University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 2004, p. 263. ISBN 978-0822942191
  75. ^ Pratt LD. On the Firing Line: Essays in the Defense of Liberty. Legacy Publishing, Franklin, TN, 2001, p. 150. ISBN 978-1880692516
  76. ^ Bijlefeld M. People For and Against Gun Control: A Biographical Reference. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1999, pp. 86–89. ISBN 978-0313306907
  77. ^ Egendorf, Laura K., ed. (2005). Guns and Violence —Current Controversies. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Thomson Gale —Greenhaven Press. pp. 39–53. ISBN 0737722061.
  78. ^ Hyman, DA (1995). "Book Review of Vandals at the Gates of Medicine – Historic Perspectives on the Battle Over Health Care Reform". The New England Journal of Medicine. 332 (8): 542. doi:10.1056/NEJM199502233320818.
  79. ^ Meier CF (1998). "Medical Warrior: A Reminder of the Past Failings of Socialistic Meddling with the Medical Marketplace". Ideas on Liberty. 48 (12): 753–754. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  80. ^ Leef, George C. (June 2002). "The Cuban People Are Suffering at the Hands of Fidel Castro". Foundation for Economic Education. FEE. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  81. ^ Young, Robert B. (October 2019). "Book Review of America, Guns, and Freedom by Dr Faria, Jr". Doctors for Responsible gun Ownership. Mascot Books. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  82. ^ "Controversies in Medicine and Neuroscience: Through the Prism of History, Neurobiology, and Bioethics". Cambridge Scholars Publishing. CSP. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  83. ^ "Cuba's Eternal Revolution through the Prism of Insurgency, Socialism, and Espionage". Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Stalin, Mao, Communism, and the 21st Century Aftermath in Russia and China". Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
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