Merchants National Bank Building
Merchants National Bank Building | |
   | |
| Location | SW corner of Main and Railway Sts., Lehigh, Oklahoma |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 34°28′6.3″N 96°13′26.0″W / 34.468417°N 96.223889°W |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1907 |
| Built by | Faudree Brothers |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian Renaissance |
| NRHP reference No. | 06001112[1] |
| Added to NRHP | December 6, 2006 |
The Merchants National Bank Building is a two-story, red brick building in Lehigh, Oklahoma, located at the southwest corner of Main Street and Railway Street.[2] It was one of two banks that served Lehigh during the town's mining boom.[2] It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3][4] It is historically significant because it represents the economic growth and decline of Lehigh and exemplifies Late Victorian Renaissance architecture.[2]
History
[edit]During the late-19th and early-20th centuries, Lehigh was a prosperous community due to the high demand for coal from mines in Coal County.[2] The Merchants National Bank was founded in 1906.[2] It was the second bank in Lehigh; the Lehigh National Bank, founded in 1898, was the first.[2] Merchants National Bank operated out of a temporary headquarters for the first several months of its operation.[2] On January 29, 1907, it was announced that the constructing contract for the bank's building had been awarded to Faudree Brothers of Atoka, Oklahoma.[2] The new bank was built on the southwest corner of Katy Avenue and Main Street, and it was, architecturally, one of the most striking buildings in town.[2]
At the time it was built, the bank was located in Atoka County, a part of the Pushmataha District of the Choctaw Nation.[5]
The coal boom ended in the 1910s, as railroads switched to cheaper fuel oil to power their trains.[2] In the early 1920s, the railroads closed their mines in Lehigh.[2] Declining crop prices and damage to the cotton crop from boll weevils further weakened the economy.[2] The Merchants National Bank closed in 1923. The building subsequently housed a grocery store.[2] Many of the other buildings on main street were abandoned.[2] As part of New Deal projects during the Great Depression, most of the abandoned buildings on Main Street were torn down.[2] During World War II, there was again a demand for coal in the area, and many of the town's buildings were torn down or moved so the ground underneath them could be readily mined.[2]
By the 1980s, the grocery store in the Merchants National Bank Building had closed, and the building had deteriorated and been damaged by vandals.[2] In the 1980s, the Lehigh Historical Society completed restoration work on the building.[2][6] They replaced most of the windows and repaired the roof, ceilings, and floors.[2] The building is the only remaining commercial building in what was once downtown Lehigh.[2] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.[3]
Architecture
[edit]The building is two stories high and made of red brick with cream brick highlights.[2] It measured 34 by 70 feet, with the short side facing Main Street and the long side facing Railroad Street.[2] It is in the Late Victorian Renaissance style.[2] At the northwest corner, there is a pyramidal tower with a steeply pitched roof and a short, rounded spire.[2] Along the roof of the building, there is a brick parapet on the north and east sides with a sandstone capstone and eight pilasters.[2] The west side of the building has no windows and an unadorned parapet because the west wall was a party wall for the adjacent building.[2] The building has arched windows framed in buff bricks.[2] It has a recessed corner entrance, which is supported by a red granite column on a sandstone pier.[2] The entryway is arch-shaped, and the arch is filled in with decorated wrought iron in a fan-shaped design.[2] The first floor of the building contains the original banking room, which has a pressed tin ceiling, stained oak door and window surrounds, and keystones above the window arches.[2] It has a poured concrete floor, which replaced the original floor, which had been damaged by rot.[2] The plaster walls have been covered by fiberboard.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jim Gabbart (October 26, 2006). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Merchants National Bank Building" (pdf). National Park Service.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) "Accompanying 7 photos, from 2006" (pdf). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. - ^ a b State Historic Preservation Office: Oklahoma Historical Society.Oklahoma's National Register Handbook. April 1, 2015. Accessed July 2, 2015.
- ^ "State Sites Placed on Register," The Oklahoman, February 17, 2007.
- ^ Morris, John W. Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1986), plate 38.
- ^ Caruthers, Lorene. "Lehigh," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, Accessed July 4, 2015.
