Maud Joachim
Maud Joachim | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | February 16, 1869 Paddington, London |
| Died | February 16, 1947 (aged 77) Steyning, England, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Girton College |
| Known for | Suffragette |
Maud Joachim (1 August 1869 – 16 February 1947) was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union, one of the groups of suffragettes that fought for women to get the right to vote in the United Kingdom. She was jailed several times for her protests. Joachim was one of the first suffragettes to go on hunger strike when imprisoned, a protest at not being recognised as political prisoners.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Maud Amelia Fanny Joachim was born to Ellen Margaret (née Smart) and Henry Joachim in Paddington, London, on 1 August 1869.[2] She had three sisters, Gertrude was older than her and Dorothy and Nina were younger. Her father, a wool merchant had been born in Hungary and became a naturalized British subject in 1856, and received a certificate of naturalization in February 1874 following the Naturalization Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 14).[3] Her paternal uncle was the violinist and composer Joseph Joachim. Joachim was educated at Girton College between 1890 and 1893, studying moral science.[4][5]
Suffragette activism
[edit]Joachim was militant and a member of the hard line Women's Social and Political Union which was led by Emmeline Pankhurst, becoming involved in 1907.[1] She enjoyed the camaraderie and reflected that she was now with people with the same purpose.
Imprisonments
[edit]- In February 1908 Joachim when groups of suffragettes were delivered to the front door of the House of Commons transported in pantechnicon vans, this event was called the "Pantechnicon Raid", the group was arrested, and she was sentenced to six weeks imprisonment.[6]
- In June she was arrested again after an attempt to visit the Prime Minister, along with Mrs Pankhurst, Emmeline Pethick- Lawrence, Jessie Stephenson and Florence Haig. Maud Joachim was thwarted and a crowd rushed the police. Joachim was sentenced to three months in Holloway Prison.[5]
- In 1909 she was in Scotland working in Aberdeen. That November she joined a protest that disturbed a talk by Winston Churchill at his constituency in Dundee. She was arrested along with Helen Archdale, Catherine Corbett and Adela Pankhurst and sentenced to ten days in Dundee Prison. During their sentence the five women went on hunger strike.[7][5][8]
In an imaginative protest organised with Katherine Douglas Smith, Joachim held up traffic in the West End by the two riding black bay horses up the Strand, at the same time advertising a suffragette meeting at the Royal Albert Hall.
Residency at Eagle House
[edit]Joachim was invited to Eagle House in 1910. A plaque was made and her photograph was recorded by Colonel Linley Blathwayt.[9]
Eagle House near Bath in Somerset had become an important refuge for suffragettes who had been released from prison after hunger strikes. Mary Blathwayt's parents planted trees there between April 1909 and July 1911 to commemorate the achievements of suffragettes including Emmeline Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst, Annie Kenney, Charlotte Despard, Millicent Fawcett and Lady Lytton.[10] Joachim planted a Thujopsis Dolabrata conifer on 17 June 1910. The trees were known as "Annie's Arboreatum" after Annie Kenney.[11][12] There was also a "Pankhurst Pond" within the grounds.[13] Joachim was back in London when the 1911 census was enumerated and refused to provide any information to the census enumerator as part of the suffragette boycott.[14]
Alongside a number of other WSPU members, in 1913 Joachim moved away from the organisation and radical action as violent protest escalated to arson. She moved her energies towards the socialist East London Federation of Suffragettes, which offered practical support to working-class women alongside campaigning for the vote.
Later life
[edit]Joachim ran an unemployment bureau and managed a toy factory for the East London Federation of Suffragettes during the First World War. She later worked with Sylvia Pankhurst on her anti-fascist Ethiopian campaign.[4]
In the 1939 Register, Joachim was listed as living on private means in Somerset Terrace in St Pancras London[2] and later moved to Mouse Cottage, Steyning, where she lived until her death on 16 February 1947.[4]
Personal life
[edit]Joachim was a vegetarian.[15] She was given a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour' by WSPU, the box engraved with "Presented to Maud Joachim by the Women's Social and Political Union in recognition of a gallant action, whereby through endurance to the last extremity of hunger and hardship a great principle of political justice was vindicated".[16] An inscription on the back of one of the medal's bars commemorates her being FED BY FORCE 1/3/12 (1st March 1912).[17]
Death
[edit]Maud Joachim died in Steyning in 1947.[5] On her death Joachim left legacies to fellow suffragettes Sylvia Pankhurst and Katherine Douglas-Smith as well as Girton College.[18] Dorothy Bagnold Sowter of the Women's Pioneer Housing was executor of her will.[19]
Commemoration
[edit]Joachim's WSPU medal was offered for auction at Bonhams on 3 October 2023 and sold for £41,600 inc. premium.[20] Glasgow Women's Library set up a fundraising campaign to buy it, raising £28,000 from c.500 individual donations with the rest of the purchase price supported by the Scottish Government's National Fund for Acquisitions.[1] The medal featured as the star object in the exhibition We Deserve A Medal: Militant Suffrage Activism at the library (1 February-31 May 2024).[21]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Brown, Naomi (26 September 2023). "Help us fundraise to acquire Maud Joachim's medal recognising the first hunger strike in Scotland". Glasgow Women's Library. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ a b "1939 England and Wales Register". www.ancestry.co.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Naturalisation Certificates and Declarations, 1870-1916". www.ancestry.co.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ a b c "Maud Joachim · Suffragette Stories". suffragettestories.omeka.net. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Maud Joachim". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ "Domestic Servant raids Parliament: The Case of Charlotte Griffiths – Suffragette and Working Woman". 28 February 2018.
- ^ Atkinson, Diane (2019). Rise up women! The remarkable life of the suffragettes. Bloomsbury. pp. 177–178. ISBN 9781408844052.
- ^ "HH55/323". www.nrscotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Suffragette Alice Perkins 1910, Blathwayt, Col Linley". Bath in Time, Images of Bath online. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "Eagle House". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
- ^ Hammond, Cynthia Imogen (2017). Architects, Angels, Activists and the City of Bath, 1765-1965 ": Engaging with Women's Spatial Interventions in Buildings and Landscape. Routledge. ISBN 9781351576123.
- ^ Hannam, June (Winter 2002). "Suffragette Photographs" (PDF). Regional Historian (8).
- ^ "Book of the Week: A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset". Woman and her Sphere. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ "Suffrage Stories: 1911 Census: Vanishing For The Vote". Woman and her Sphere. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
- ^ Crawford, Elizabeth. (2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Taylor & Francis. p. 311. ISBN 9781135434021
- ^ Brooks, Libby; correspondent, Libby Brooks Scotland (22 September 2023). "Glasgow Women's Library appeals for help to buy suffragette medal". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last2=has generic name (help) - ^ GWL (19 October 2023). "Maud Joachim's Hunger Strike Medal comes to GWL". Glasgow Women's Library. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ "Katherine Douglas Smith · Suffragette Stories". suffragettestories.omeka.net. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "England & Wales, National Probate Calendar". www.ancestry.co.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Bonhams : HUNGER STRIKE MEDAL - MAUD JOACHIM Hunger strike medal awarded by the WSPU to Maud Joachim, 1912". www.bonhams.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "We Deserve A Medal: Militant Suffrage Activism". Glasgow Women's Library. 29 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.