Jump to content

Maruti Suzuki

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Maruti Suzuki India)

Maruti Suzuki India Limited
FormerlyMaruti Udyog Limited
Company typePublic
ISININE585B01010
IndustryAutomotive
Founded24 February 1981; 43 years ago (1981-02-24)[1]
FounderGovernment of India
HeadquartersNew Delhi, India[2]
Area served
India
Key people
Products
Production output
Increase 2,135,323 units (2024)[4]
Services
RevenueIncrease ₹145,952 crore (US$17 billion) (2024)[5]
Increase ₹17,424 crore (US$2.1 billion) (2024)[5]
Increase ₹13,488 crore (US$1.6 billion) (2024)[5]
Total assetsIncrease ₹115,353 crore (US$14 billion) (2024)[5]
Total equityIncrease ₹85,636 crore (US$10 billion) (2024)[5]
Number of employees
40,004 (including 21,776 non permanent) (2024)[6]
Parent
Websitewww.marutisuzuki.com

Maruti Suzuki India Limited is a publicly listed Indian subsidiary of Japanese automaker Suzuki Motor Corporation. It is the largest automobile manufacturer in India, specialising in small cars.

The company was established by the Government of India as Maruti Udyog Limited in February 1981 as a joint venture with Suzuki, that became the first Japanese automaker to invest in India. Maruti opened its first production facility in Gurugram, Haryana, in 1982.[8] Initially, Maruti was majority owned by the Indian government, with Suzuki only taking a 26% stake during its establishment in 1982. The Indian government gradually reduced its stake, partially departed the business in 2003 by making it a public company and then sold all of its remaining shares to Suzuki Motor Corporation in 2007.[2][9][10]

Maruti Suzuki emerged as the largest Suzuki subsidiary in terms of production volume and sales. As of September 2022, the company had a leading market share of 42% in the Indian passenger car market.[11]

History

[edit]

Pre-Suzuki affiliation

[edit]

The Maruti name can be traced back to a previous company that was established by the third Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's son, Sanjay Gandhi. In the early 1970s, the Indian government initiated the search for a small car manufacturer. At that time, India had already been manufacturing cars for several years, and the idea of a more affordable "people's car" had been discussed since the 1950s.

Sanjay Gandhi, known for his passion for cars, apprenticed with Rolls-Royce in Crewe of UK for three years. Upon his return in 1968, he recognized the potential of small car production in the private sector. Both the government and the Planning Commission endorsed the concept. Sanjay Gandhi subsequently initiated his automotive project, establishing operations in a rented garage near Roshanara Bagh in Old Delhi.

The government issued a letter of intent in September 1970, which allowed Sanjay Gandhi to produce up to 50,000 cars in a year. In August 1971, Maruti Motors Limited was established with Sanjay Gandhi becoming its first managing director. He acquired 297 acres of land in Gurgaon at a cost of approximately Rs 12,000 per acre to establish his Maruti factory.[12] Initially, plans were laid out to manufacture an indigenous car priced at around Rs 8,000. However, the cost of the vehicle escalated to approximately Rs 16,500 (ex-showroom) and about Rs 21,000 on the road in Haryana. Despite the increase in price, the Maruti car remained competitively priced, being Rs 5,000-10,000 cheaper than its counterparts.

The first prototype of the Maruti car was completed in 1972, with production anticipated to commence by April 1973, as promised by Sanjay Gandhi.[13] He made the chassis by himself at his workshop, and a Triumph motorcycle engine was used to propel the car.[12] Amid allegations of nepotism, the Maruti car underwent a feasibility test by the Vehicle Research & Development Establishment in Ahmednagar. The prototype failed the test, being deemed unsuitable for road use. Nonetheless, in July 1974, Maruti was granted an industrial license to produce 50,000 cars.[14] However, the actual production output at Sanjay Gandhi's factory fell short of the initial target. Despite the projection to commence production at a rate of 12-20 units per month and escalate to 200 units per day, only 21 units were manufactured by 31 March 1976.[15]

Sanjay Gandhi's involvement in politics during the Emergency further complicated the project's progress. Following Indira Gandhi's defeat in the 1977 election and a court order for Maruti's dissolution in 1978, the project faced uncertain prospects. With Indira's return to office in 1980 and Sanjay's death in a plane crash, the Government of India intervened and assumed control of Maruti through legislative measures.[15]

Tie-up with Suzuki

[edit]
Logo of Maruti Udyog

Following Sanjay's death, his mother Indira tasked Arun Nehru with evaluating the feasibility of resurrecting her son's vision to develop India's affordable car. Nehru acknowledged the project's potential but emphasized the need for expertise from an experienced manufacturer. Subsequently, a team was assembled to explore potential collaborations with manufacturers globally.[12] The Indian government started engaging in negotiations with Suzuki in April 1982. Following several months of preparations, Suzuki of Japan and Maruti Udyog Ltd. signed a license and joint venture agreement in October 1982. Initially, Suzuki acquired a modest 26 percent stake in the joint venture, owing to their constrained capital and perceived risks, despite the Indian government's preference for Suzuki to take a 40 percent foreign equity share. Both parties reached a consensus, stipulating that Suzuki would increase its stake to 40 percent after five years.[16] Both the venture partners also entered into an agreement to nominate their candidate for the post of managing director and every managing director would have a tenure of five years.[17][18] Suzuki later increased its equity to 50% in 1992, and further to 56.21% as of 2013.[19]

Maruti was granted permission to import two Suzuki vehicles that were completely assembled in the first two years of India's closed market, with an initial target of using just 33% domestic components. This greatly displeased the nearby manufacturers. There were some concerns that the Indian market would not support Maruti Suzuki's relatively high production levels, and the government even considered changing the petrol tariff and decreasing the excise fee to increase sales.[20]

A 1996 Maruti 800 photographed in Chile

Local production commenced in December 1983 with the introduction of the SS30/SS40 Suzuki Fronte/Alto-based Maruti 800.[21] In 1984, the Maruti Van with the same three-cylinder engine as the 800 was released. Maruti targeted annual production of 20,000 cars in the first year, and 40,000 in the second year at the Gurgaon plant. However, the rapid success of Maruti exceeded expectations of Suzuki. Within the first year, the company received an 120,000 bookings, much to Suzuki's surprise. Despite facing overwhelming demand, Maruti encountered challenges in meeting orders due to capacity limitations. The surge in demand necessitated a complete overhaul of its production strategy, by adjusting the ratio between the 800 and the van.[16]

The Suzuki SJ410-based Gypsy, a 970 cc 4-wheel drive off-road vehicle, was introduced in 1985. The 100,000th car manufactured by the firm was the 796 cc hatchback Suzuki Alto (SS80), which succeeded the original 800 in 1986.[22] In 1987, the company started exporting to western markets, when a lot of 500 cars were sent to Hungary. By 1988, the capacity of the Gurgaon plant was increased to 100,000 units per annum.

Until 1992–1993, Maruti faced constraints in increasing capacity due to the need for foreign exchange. Moreover, securing funding for expansion was challenging, especially during the Indian economic crisis of 1991. The Indian government stipulated that expansion could only proceed with foreign loans to cover costs. Eventually, Maruti secured aid from Axiom Bank in Japan, allowing them to finance the foreign exchange component of their expansion. This enabled Maruti to establish a new production line in the Gurgaon plant, addressing the persistent issue of shortages.[16]

In 1989, the Maruti 1000 was introduced and the 970 cc, three-box was India's first contemporary sedan. By 1991, 65 percent of the components, for all vehicles produced, were indigenized. After the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991, Suzuki increased its stake in Maruti to 50 percent, making the company a 50-50 joint venture with the government of India as the other stakeholder.

In 1993, the Zen, a 993 cc engine hatchback was launched, and in 1994 the 1,298 cc Esteem sedan was introduced. Maruti produced its 1 millionth vehicle since the commencement of production in 1994. Maruti's second plant was opened with an annual capacity reaching 200,000 units. Maruti launched a 24-hour emergency on-road vehicle service. In 1998, the new Maruti 800 was released, being the first change in design since 1986. Zen D, a 1,527 cc diesel hatchback, Maruti's first diesel vehicle, and a redesigned Omni were introduced. In 1999, the 1.6-litre Maruti Baleno three-box sedan and Wagon R were also launched.

In 2000, Maruti became the first car company in India to launch a call center for internal and customer services. The new Alto model was released. In 2001, Maruti True Value, selling and buying used cars was launched. In October of the same year, the Maruti Versa was launched. In 2002, Esteem Diesel was introduced. Two new subsidiaries were also started: Maruti Insurance Distributor Services and Maruti Insurance Brokers Limited. Suzuki Motor Corporation increased its stake in Maruti to 54.2 percent.

In 2003, the new Suzuki Grand Vitara XL-7 was introduced while the Zen and the Wagon R were upgraded and redesigned. The four millionth Maruti vehicle was built and they entered into a partnership with the State Bank of India. Maruti Udyog Ltd. was listed on BSE and NSE after a public issue, which was oversubscribed tenfold. In 2004, the Alto became India's best-selling car overtaking the Maruti 800 after nearly two decades. The five-seater Versa 5-seater, a new variant, was created while the Esteem was re-launched. Maruti Udyog closed the financial year 2003–04 with an annual sale of 472,122 units, the highest ever since the company began operations, and the fiftieth lakh (5 millionth) car rolled out in April 2005. The 1.3-litre Suzuki Swift five-door hatchback was introduced in 2005.[23]

In 2006, Suzuki and Maruti set up another joint venture called Maruti Suzuki Automobiles India to build two new manufacturing plants, one for vehicles and one for engines.[23] Cleaner cars were also introduced, with several new models meeting the new Bharat Stage III emission standards.[23] In February 2012, Maruti Suzuki sold its ten millionth vehicle in India.[21] In July 2014 it had a market share of more than 45%.[24] In May 2015, the company produced its fifteen millionth vehicle in India, a Swift Dzire.[25]

On 25 April 2019, Maruti Suzuki announced that it would phase out production of diesel cars by 1 April 2020, when the Bharat Stage VI emission standards come into effect. The new standards would require a significant investment from the company to upgrade its existing diesel engines to comply with the more stringent emission standards. Chairman R.C. Bhargava stated, "We have taken this decision so that in 2022 we are able to meet the corporate average fuel efficiency (CAFE) norms and a higher share of CNG vehicles will help us comply with the norms. I hope the union government's policies will help grow the market for CNG vehicles." At that time, diesel cars accounted for about 23 percent of Maruti Suzuki's annual sales.[26]

The company planned to launch its first electric car in the second half of 2021, the Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Electric, before cancelling its plan.[27] The company now intends to produce e Vitara (unveiled in Milan and based on eVX concept shown in 2023) instead in 2025.[28]

Manufacturing facilities

[edit]

Maruti Suzuki has two manufacturing facilities in Haryana (Gurugram and Manesar), and one manufacturing complex in Gujarat wholly owned by parent company Suzuki which supplies its entire production to Maruti Suzuki. All manufacturing facilities have a combined production capacity of 2,250,000 vehicles annually (1.5 million from Maruti Suzuki's two plants and 750,000 from Suzuki Motor Gujarat).

The Gurugram manufacturing facility has three fully integrated manufacturing plants and is spread over 300 acres (1.2 km2).[29] The Gurgaon facilities also manufacture 240,000 K-Series engines annually. The Gurugram facility manufactures the Alto 800, Wagon R, Ertiga, XL6, S-Cross, Vitara Brezza, Ignis, and Eeco. The Gurugram facility also assembles the Jimny starting from January 2021 solely for export markets. It was reported the Indian-assembled Jimny will be exported to African markets and countries in the Middle East.[30]

The Manesar manufacturing plant was inaugurated in February 2007 and is spread over 600 acres (2.4 km2).[29] Initially, it had a production capacity of 100,000 vehicles annually but this was increased to 300,000 vehicles annually in October 2008. The production capacity was further increased by 250,000 vehicles taking the total production capacity to 800,000 vehicles annually.[31] The Manesar plant produces the Alto, Swift, Ciaz, Baleno and Celerio. On 25 June 2012, Haryana State Industries and Infrastructure Development Corporation demanded Maruti Suzuki pay an additional ₹235 crore for enhanced land acquisition for its Haryana plant expansion. The agency reminded Maruti that failure to pay the amount would lead to further proceedings and vacating the enhanced land acquisition.[32]

In 2012, the company decided to merge Suzuki Powertrain India Limited (SPIL) with itself.[33] SPIL was started as a JV by Suzuki Motor Corp. along with Maruti Suzuki. It has the facilities available for manufacturing diesel engines and transmissions. The demand for transmissions for all Maruti Suzuki cars is met by the production from SPIL.

In 2017, the new Suzuki Motor Gujarat facility was opened. This third facility is not owned by Maruti Suzuki, but instead wholly owned by Suzuki Motor Corporation. Despite that, the plant supplied vehicles to Maruti without any additional cost. Located in Hansalpur, Ahmedabad, the plant has a total annual capacity of 750,000 units.

In November 2021 Maruti Suzuki announce to set up of a big plant in IMT Kharkhoda in Sonipat district across 900 acres with an investment of ₹18,000 crores.[34]

Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation gives 900 acres of land to Maruti Suzuki for setting up a new plant in Industrial Model Township at Kharkhoda, Haryana.[35]

In August 2022 Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi virtually laid the foundation stone of Maruti Suzuki's new manufacturing plant in Kharkhoda. It will be one of the largest automobile manufacturing plant in the world with the capacity of making a million cars per year.[36][37]

The Maruti Suzuki's Gurugram manufacturing facility will shift to new manufacturing facility in Kharkhoda, Haryana will have four manufacturing plants in which a million cars will be produced annually and the Kharkhoda, Haryana plant will be third largest car producing facility in world.[38] Along with this, the carmaker will invest 35,000 crores into building second manufacturing plant close to their Gujarat plant in the state with a million cars capacity per annum. The operations will commence in 2028-29 taking the production capacity combined to 4.35 million units annually.

Controversies

[edit]

Industrial relations

[edit]

Since its founding in 1983, Maruti Udyog Limited has experienced problems with its labor force. The Indian labor it hired readily accepted Japanese work culture and the modern manufacturing process. In 1997, there was a change in ownership, and Maruti became predominantly government controlled. Shortly thereafter, conflict between the United Front Government and Suzuki started. In 2000, a major industrial relations issue began and employees of Maruti went on an indefinite strike, demanding among other things, major revisions to their wages, incentives and pensions.[39][40]

Employees used slowdown in October 2000, to press a revision to their incentive-linked pay. In parallel, after elections and a new central government led by NDA alliance, India pursued a disinvestment policy. Along with many other government owned companies, the new administration proposed to sell part of its stake in Maruti Suzuki in a public offering. The worker's union opposed this sell-off plan on the grounds that the company will lose a major business advantage of being subsidized by the Government, and the union has better protection while the company remains in control of the government.[39][41]

The standoff between the union and the management continued through 2001. The management refused union demands citing increased competition and lower margins. The central government privatized Maruti in 2002 and Suzuki became the majority owner of Maruti Udyog Limited.[42][43]

Manesar violence

[edit]

On 18 July 2012, Maruti's Manesar plant was hit by violence. According to Maruti management, the production workers attacked supervisors and started a fire that killed company's General Manager of Human Resources Avineesh Dev and injured 100 other managers, including two Japanese expatriates. The workers also allegedly injured nine policemen.[44][45] However Maruti Suzuki Workers Union (MSWU) President Sam Meher alleged that management ordered 300 hired security guards to attack the workforce during the violence.[46] The incident is the worst-ever for Suzuki since the company began operations in India in 1983.[47]

Since April 2012, the Manesar union had demanded a three-fold increase in basic salary, a monthly conveyance allowance of ₹10,000, a laundry allowance of ₹3,000, a gift with every new car launch, and a house for every worker who wants one, or cheaper home loans for those who want to build their own houses.[48][49] According to the Maruti Suzuki Workers Union a supervisor had abused and made discriminatory comments to a low-caste worker, Jiya Lal.[50] These claims were denied by the company and the police.[45] Maruti said the unrest began, not over wage discussions, but after the workers' union demanded the reinstatement of Jiya Lal who had been suspended for allegedly beating a supervisor.[47] The workers claim harsh working conditions and extensive hiring of low-paid contract workers which are paid about $126 a month, about half the minimum wage of permanent employees.[50] On 27 June 2013, an international delegation from the International Commission for Labor Rights (ICLR) released a report alleging serious violations of the industrial right of workers by the Maruti Suzuki management.[51] Company executives denied harsh conditions and claim they hired entry-level workers on contracts and made them permanent as they gained experience.[48] Maruti employees currently earn allowances in addition to their base wage.[52]

The police, in its First Information Report (FIR), claimed on 21 July that Manesar violence is the result of a planned violence by a section of workers and union leaders and arrested 91 people.[53][54] Maruti Suzuki in its statement on the unrest,[55] announced that all work at the Manesar plant has been suspended indefinitely.[47] The shut down of Manesar plant is leading to a loss of about ₹75 crore[56] per day.[57] On 21 July 2012, citing safety concerns, the company announced a lockout under The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 pending results of an inquiry the company has requested of the Haryana government into the causes of the disorder. Under the provisions of The Industrial Disputes Act for wages, the report claimed, employees are expected to be paid for the duration of the lockout.[56] On 26 July 2012, Maruti announced employees would not be paid for the period of lock-out in accordance with Indian labor laws. The company further announced that it will stop using contract workers by March 2013. The report claimed the salary difference between contract workers and permanent workers has been much smaller than initial media reports – the contract worker at Maruti received about ₹11,500 per month, while a permanent worker received about ₹12,500 a month at start, which increased in three years to ₹21,000-₹22,000 per month.[58] In a separate report, a contractor who was providing contract employees to Maruti claimed the company gave its contract employees[59] the best wage, allowances and benefits package in the region.[60]

Shinzo Nakanishi, managing director and chief executive of Maruti Suzuki India, said this type of violence has never happened in Suzuki Motor Corp's global operations in Hungary, Indonesia, Spain, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the Philippines. Nakanishi apologized to affected workers on behalf of the company, and in press interview requested the central and Haryana state governments to help stop further violence by legislating decisive rules to restore corporate confidence amid emergence of this new 'militant workforce' in Indian factories. He announced, "we are going to de-recognize Maruti Suzuki Workers' Union and dismiss all workers named in connection with the incident. We will not compromise at all in such instances of barbaric, unprovoked violence." He also announced Maruti plans to continue manufacturing in Manesar, that Gujarat was an expansion opportunity and not an alternative to Manesar.[61][62]

The company dismissed 500 workers accused of causing the violence and re-opened the plant on 21 August, saying it would produce 150 vehicles on the first day, less than 10% of its capacity. Analysts said that the shutdown was costing the company 1 billion rupees ($18 million) a day and costing the company market share.[63] In July 2013, the workers went on hunger strike to protest the continuing jailing of their colleagues and launched an online campaign to support their demands.[64]

A total of 148 workers were charged with the murder of Human Resources Manager Avineesh Dev. The court dismissed charges against 117 of the workers. On 17 March 2017, 31 workers were found guilty of variety of offences. 18 were convicted on charges of rioting, trespassing, causing hurt and other related offences under Indian Penal Code sections. The remaining 13 workers were sentenced to life in imprisonment after being found guilty of the murder of General Manager of Human Resources Avineesh Dev. Twelve of the thirteen sentenced were office-bearers of the Maruti Suzuki Workers Union at the time of the alleged offences. The prosecution had sought the death penalty for the thirteen.[65]

Both prosecution and defense have announced they will appeal against the sentences. Defense counsel Vrinda Grover stated, "We will file appeals against all convictions in the HC. The evidence, as it stands, cannot withstand legal scrutiny. There is no evidence to link these workers to the murder. The 13 who have been convicted, it’s important to remember that they were the leaders of the union. Therefore, it is clear that this is targeted framing of these persons. We hope for justice in the superior court".[66]

The Maruti Suzuki Workers Union is continuing to organize industrial action and protests calling for the workers to be released and criticizing the judgement and sentences an unjust.[67] An international appeal for the release of the workers has been made by the International Committee for the Fourth International (ICFI) and other organizations such as the People's Alliance for Democracy and Secularism (PADS).[68][69]

Automotive safety

[edit]

Maruti Suzuki has been criticized for compromising safety in their products by automotive enthusiasts, journalists, and the Global NCAP, as they are made lighter in terms of kerb weight to achieving higher fuel economy. Starting January 2014, several of their made for India cars were crash tested at Global NCAP, most of which have given disappointing results. Cars like Alto, Swift, Celerio, S-Presso (with driver's airbag), and Eeco which had no safety features like airbags were awarded 0 stars, while Wagon-R and Swift (2018 model year) which had dual front airbags were awarded 2 stars out of 5. Only the Vitara, Brezza (4 stars) and Ertiga (3 stars) have been awarded decent safety ratings.[70] Though Maruti Suzuki claimed that they were following the safety standards mandated by the Government of India, it however only implied with the safety features included in their cars and not the strong body shell or build quality which suffers the impact of the crash.[71] Maruti Suzuki has also come under fire for discrimination with customers in India, by making cars safe meant for exports to European and African markets.[72]

The chairman, RC Bhargava stated that "If carmakers incorporate such features in even entry-level cars, obviously the price would go up, which would lead consumers to opt for two-wheelers, which would be more unsafe", which attracted criticism.[73] The company, in February 2020, decided not to send their cars to Global NCAP for testing, as they only believe in the Safety Standards set by the Government of India.[74] Following the crash test results of S-Presso, Alejandro Furas, Secretary General of Global NCAP said, “It is very disappointing that Maruti Suzuki, the manufacturer with the largest share of the Indian market, offers such low safety performance for Indian consumers. Domestic manufacturers like Mahindra and Tata have demonstrated high levels of safety and protection for their customers, both achieving five star performance. Surely it’s time for Maruti Suzuki to demonstrate this commitment to safety for its customers?” Alongside, David Ward, President of the Towards Zero Foundation said, "We have seen important progress on car safety in India, with new legislation introduced by the government and manufacturers like Mahindra and Tata accepting the Global NCAP five star challenge and producing models which go well beyond minimum regulatory requirements. There is no place for zero rated cars in the Indian market. It remains a great disappointment that an important manufacturer like Maruti Suzuki does not recognize this."[75]

For FY 2022 and 2023, Global NCAP crash tested the Swift, S-Presso, Ignis, and Wagon-R, each of which received 1-star rating, while the Alto K10 received 2-star rating.[76] While these cars came with basic safety features such as ABS and Dual Front Airbags, as mandated by the Government of India, the body structure was rated unstable with inability to withstand further loads.[77] Maruti Suzuki has faced ire by auto enthusiasts and media for prioritizing sales over safety by pricing the unsafe cars much lower than competitors, eventually earning the name "Tin Cans" for the unsafe cars.[78]

Anti-competitive dealer policies

[edit]

In Aug 2021, Maruti Suzuki was fined ₹200 Crore (US$28.57 million) by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) for implementing its Discount Control Policy that restrains dealers from offering customer discounts beyond those prescribed by the carmaker.[79][80][81]

Models

[edit]

Current models

[edit]
Body style Model Indian introduction Current model Dealer outlet
Image Name Introduction Update/facelift
Hatchback Alto K10 2000 (as Alto) 2022 — Arena
S-Presso 2019 2019 — Arena
Celerio 2014 2021 — Arena
Wagon R 1999 2019 2022 Arena
Ignis 2017 2017 2019 Nexa
Swift 2005 2024 — Arena
Baleno 2015 2022 — Nexa
Sedan Dzire 2008 (as Swift Dzire) 2024 – Arena
Ciaz 2014 2014 2018 Nexa
SUV/crossover Fronx 2023 2023 — Nexa
Brezza 2016 (as Vitara Brezza) 2022 — Arena
Grand Vitara 2022 2022 — Nexa
Off-Road SUV Jimny 2023 2023 — Nexa
MPV Ertiga 2012 2018 2022 Arena
XL6 2019 2019 2022 Nexa
Invicto 2023 2023 — Nexa
Van Eeco 2010 2010 — Arena
Pickup truck Super Carry 2016 2016 — Maruti Suzuki Commercial

Discontinued models

[edit]
Model Released Discontinued Image
800 1983 2014
Omni 1984 2019
Gypsy E 1985 2000
Gypsy King 1985 2019
1000 1990 2000
Zen 1993 2006
Esteem 1994 2007
Baleno 1999 2006
Baleno Altura 2000 2006
Versa 2001 2010
Grand Vitara XL-7
(imported) 		2003 2007
Zen Estilo 2006 2013
Grand Vitara
(imported) 		2007 2014
SX4 2007 2014
A-star 2008 2014
Ritz[82] 2009 2017
Kizashi
(imported) 		2011 2014
S-Cross 2015 2022
Baleno RS 2017 2020

Services

[edit]

Sales and service network

[edit]
Car showroom near Eluru

Maruti Suzuki has 2,413 Arena sales outlets across 1,992 cities and 380 Nexa sales outlets across 228 cities in India.[6] The company aims to increase its sales network to 4,000 outlets by 2020.[83] It has 4044 service stations across 1,861 cities throughout India.[84] Maruti's dealership network is larger than that of enough known companies combined.[85] Service is a major revenue generator of the company. Most of the service stations are managed on franchise basis, where Maruti Suzuki trains the local staff. Also, The Express Service stations exist, sending across their repairman to the vehicle if it is away from a normal service center.[86][87] In 2015, Maruti Suzuki launched Nexa, a new dealership network for its premium cars which stands for New Exclusive Automotive Experience.[88]

Maruti Suzuki currently sells Fronx, Baleno, Grand Vitara, XL6, Ciaz, Ignis and Jimny through Nexa outlets.[89] S-Cross was the first car to be sold through Nexa outlets. The company recently achieved a milestone of selling 1.5 million cars from over 350 dealerships across the country and is the third largest automobile retail channel of India.[90]

Maruti Insurance

[edit]

Launched in 2002 Maruti Suzuki provides vehicle insurance to its customers with the help of the National Insurance Company, Bajaj Allianz, New India Assurance and Royal Sundaram. The service was set up the company with the inception of two subsidiaries Maruti Insurance Distributors Services Pvt. Ltd and Maruti Insurance Brokers Pvt. Limited.[91]

This service started as a benefit or value addition to customers and was able to ramp up easily. By December 2005 they were able to sell more than two million insurance policies since its inception.[92]

Maruti Finance

[edit]

To promote its bottom line growth, Maruti Suzuki launched Maruti Finance in January 2002. Prior to the start of this service Maruti Suzuki had started two joint ventures Citicorp Maruti and Maruti Countrywide with Citi Group and GE Countrywide respectively to assist its client in securing loan.[93] Maruti Suzuki tied up with ABN Amro Bank, HDFC Bank, ICICI Limited, Kotak Mahindra, Standard Chartered Bank, and Sundaram to start this venture including its strategic partners in car finance. Again the company entered into a strategic partnership with SBI in March 2003[94] Since March 2003, Maruti has sold over 12,000 vehicles through SBI-Maruti Finance. SBI-Maruti Finance is currently available in 166 cities across India.[95]

Citicorp Maruti Finance Limited is a joint venture between Citicorp Finance India and Maruti Udyog Limited its primary business stated by the company is "hire-purchase financing of Maruti Suzuki vehicles". Citi Finance India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, Delaware, which in turn is a 100% wholly owned subsidiary of Citibank N.A. Citi Finance India Limited holds 74% of the stake and Maruti Suzuki holds the remaining 26%.[96] GE Capital, HDFC and Maruti Suzuki came together in 1995 to form Maruti Countrywide. Maruti claims that its finance program offers most competitive interest rates to its customers, which are lower by 0.25% to 0.5% from the market rates.[97]

Maruti TrueValue

[edit]

Maruti True service offered by Maruti Suzuki to its customers. It is a marketplace for used Maruti Suzuki Vehicles. One can buy, sell or exchange used Maruti or non-Maruti vehicles with the help of this service in India. As of 10 August 2017 there are 1,190 outlets across 936 cities.[98]

N2N Fleet Management

[edit]

N2N is the short form of End to End Fleet Management and provides lease and fleet management to corporates. Clients who have signed up of this service include Gas Authority of India Ltd, DuPont, Reckitt Benckiser, Doordarshan, Singer India, National Stock Exchange of India and Transworld. This fleet management service include Leasing, Maintenance, Convenience services and Remarketing.[99]

Maruti Accessories

[edit]

Many of the auto component companies, other than Maruti Suzuki, started to offer compatible components and accessories. This caused a serious threat and loss of revenue to Maruti Suzuki. Maruti Suzuki started a new initiative under the brand name Maruti Genuine Accessories to offer accessories like alloy wheels, body cover, carpets, door visors, fog lamps, stereo systems, seat covers and other car care products. These products are sold through dealer outlets and authorized service stations throughout India.[100]

Maruti Suzuki Driving School

[edit]
A Maruti Driving School in Chennai

As part of its corporate social responsibility Maruti Suzuki launched the Maruti Driving School in Delhi. Later the services were extended to other cities of India as well. These schools are modelled on international standards, where learners go through classroom and practical sessions. Many international practices like road behavior and attitudes are also taught in these schools. Before driving actual vehicles participants are trained on simulators.[101]

At the launch ceremony for the school Jagdish Khattar stated "We are very concerned about mounting deaths on Indian roads. These can be brought down if government, industry and the voluntary sector work together in an integrated manner. But we felt that Maruti should first do something in this regard and hence this initiative of Maruti Driving Schools."[102]

Awards and recognition

[edit]

The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company, has ranked Maruti Suzuki in the thirty seventh position in 2013[103] and ninth position in 2019[104] among the most trusted brands of India.

References and notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Aulbur, Wilfried (9 February 2017). "Suzuki drives India's car manufacturing story". Thehindubusinessline.com.
  2. ^ a b "Office Addresses - Maruti Suzuki India Limited". Marutisuzuki.com. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Our Leadership - Maruti Suzuki India Limited". Marutisuzuki.com.
  4. ^ "Maruti Suzuki Annual Report 2024" (PDF). Maruti Suzuki Limited.
  5. ^ a b c d e "SEBI Standalone and Consolidated FY2023-24" (PDF).
  6. ^ a b "Annual Integrated Report 2023-24" (PDF). Maruti Suzuki.
  7. ^ "MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD SHARE HOLDINGS". Financial Express. 12 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Maruti Suzuki Case Study - History and Success in India". StartupTalky. 27 August 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  9. ^ Maruti Suzuki Corporate Information Archived 26 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-02-01.
  10. ^ "Govt exits Maruti, sells residual stake for 2,360 cr". The Times of India. 10 May 2007. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Maruti Suzuki chases market share but losing 'mind share' to Tata Motors". Moneycontrol. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  12. ^ a b c "Maruti and Sanjay Gandhi: The history of an illicit, extraordinary love affair". Motoroids. 14 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  13. ^ Sen, Gautam (2014). A million cars for a billion people: the story of India's 'millionaire' cars, - from the iconic Maruti 800 to what went horribly wrong with the Tata Nano. Mumbai, India: Platinum Press. ISBN 978-93-84027-74-2.
  14. ^ Bhandari, Bhupesh (11 July 2015). "Emergency and Sanjay Gandhi: How Maruti's origin lies in cronyism, corruption and blackmail".
  15. ^ a b "Was Maruti 800 truly the brainchild of Sanjay Gandhi?". The Economic Times. 14 December 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  16. ^ a b c Sorabjee, Hormazd (15 December 2023). "No one knew what Maruti 800's launch would lead to: RC Bhargava". Autocar India. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  17. ^ "Rediff on the Net: A successful marriage goes to court", 19 September 1997
  18. ^ "Rediff". Rediff.com. 3 September 1997. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
  19. ^ "The Times of India". The Times of India. 1 April 2013.
  20. ^ B M (30 August 2021). "Message of Maruti-Suzuki". Economic and Political Weekly. XVII (38). Mumbai, India: Sameeksha Trust: 1524–1525.
  21. ^ a b "Maruti's domestic sales crosses 1 cr mark". The Indian Express. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  22. ^ "The Maruti Udyog official Website Timeline Page". Archived from the original on 12 October 2007.
  23. ^ a b c "Maruti Udyog: Smooth Drive". Economic and Political Weekly. XLI (8). Mumbai, India: Sameeksha Trust: 672. 25 February 2006.
  24. ^ "July 2014: Indian Car Sales Figures & Analysis - Team-BHP". Retrieved 28 June 2016.
  25. ^ "Maruti Suzuki rolls out 15 million cars | Team-BHP". Team-BHP.com. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  26. ^ Ghosh, Malyaban (25 April 2019). "Maruti to phase out all diesel cars from April next year". Mint. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  27. ^ "Maruti Suzuki WagonR electric test mule spotted yet again". Timesnownews.com. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  28. ^ "Maruti Suzuki e Vitara unveiled: All about company's first-ever electric vehicle, set for 2025 production". live mint. 5 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  29. ^ a b "How Maruti bounced back after its labour strife of 2012". Businesstoday.in. 15 January 2014.
  30. ^ "Maruti Suzuki starts exporting the Jimny SUV from India". Autocar India. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  31. ^ "Maruti Suzuki India LTD. Maruti Udyog Ltd Best Selling Car Maruti True Value Maruti Udyog". Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  32. ^ "Haryana government asks Maruti to pay Rs 235 crore for farmer compensation". The Economic Times. 24 July 2012.
  33. ^ "Maruti to merge Suzuki Powertrain with itself; Suzuki to increase stake to 56.21%". Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  34. ^ "Maruti Suzuki gets green signal to set up new plant at Sonepat". The Indian Express. 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  35. ^ Manvir Saini (13 November 2021). "Haryana: 900 acres of land given to Maruti for the new plant in Sonipat's Kharkhoda district | Chandigarh News". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  36. ^ "सोनीपत के खरखौदा में मारुति का नया प्लांट, पीएम मोदी ने किया शिलान्यास, CM खट्टर बोले-युवाओं को मिलेगा रोजगार". News18 हिंदी (in Hindi). 28 August 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  37. ^ Service, Tribune News. "Modi to lay stone of Maruti plant at Kharkhoda: Haryana Deputy CM Dushyant Chautala". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  38. ^ "Gurugram news: दुनिया का तीसरा सबसे बड़ा कार उत्पादक बनेगा भारत, मारुति सुजुकी के चेयरमेन भार्गव ने दिया बयान". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  39. ^ a b U.C. Mathur (2010). Retail Management: Text And Cases. I. K. International Pvt. pp. 471–472. ISBN 978-9380578668.
  40. ^ "Maruti staff to continue strike". The Hindu Business Line. 28 September 2000. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014.
  41. ^ "MUL union leaders on hunger strike". The Hindu Business Line. 19 December 2000. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013.
  42. ^ "Article Timeline of Maruti Suzuki Labour Unrest, World History Archive". Hartford-hwp.com. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
  43. ^ "Maruti disinvestment - Releasing the clutch". The Hindu Business Line. 19 May 2002.
  44. ^ Nikhil Gulati and Santanu Choudhury (19 July 2012). "Riot Hits Big India Auto Maker". The Wall Street Journal.
  45. ^ a b Nikhil Gulati (22 July 2012). "Indian Car Maker Declares Lockout". Wsj.com.
  46. ^ "Violence has implications beyond one company, region: Maruti". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  47. ^ a b c Santanu Choudhury (20 July 2012). "Maruti Manager Died in Fire After Limbs Broken". The Wall Street Journal.
  48. ^ a b Vikas Bajaj; Sruthi Gottipati (19 July 2012). "Clash at an Auto Plant in India Turns Deadly". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  49. ^ "Maruti's Manesar plant GM(HR) burned to death, 91 workers arrested; government says business confidence intact". The Times of India. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013.
  50. ^ a b Ashok Sharma (21 July 2012). "India's Maruti Suzuki shuts riot-hit car plant". Huffington Post. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  51. ^ Ness, Immanuel (28 June 2013). "Violations of the Labor and Human Rights of Maruti Suzuki Workers in India". Labor and Working-Class History Association.
  52. ^ Sumant Banerji (26 July 2012). "Maruti workers want lakh a month". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012.
  53. ^ Indo Asian News Service (21 July 2011). "Maruti violence may be planned: cops". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012.
  54. ^ "Police collect CCTV clips from Manesar MSIL plant". The Times of India. 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013.
  55. ^ "Maruti Suzuki's statement on Manesar unrest". CNN-IBN. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012.
  56. ^ a b Chanchal Pal Chauhan (22 July 2012). "Maruti Suzuki declares lockout at Manesar factory". The Economic Times. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  57. ^ "Maruti's Manesar plant closed for third day, Rs 210cr loss so far". The Times of India. 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  58. ^ "Maruti Suzuki to Stop Using Contract Workers in Direct Manufacturing". The Wall Street Journal. 26 July 2012.
  59. ^ "Maruti Suzuki cuts 3,000 contract jobs". livemint.com. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  60. ^ "Violence at Maruti's Manesar plant: Bloodlust had taken over, eyewitness says". The Times of India. 26 July 2012.
  61. ^ Chanchal Pal Chauhan (21 July 2012). "Maruti to stay put at Manesar, planning new plant". The Economic Times.
  62. ^ Sharmistha Mukherjee & Surajeet Das Gupta (22 July 2012). "We will de-recognise Maruti Suzuki Workers' Union: Shinzo Nakanishi". Business Standard.
  63. ^ The Times Colonist (21 August 2012). "Maruti Suzuki's riot-hit plant reopens but only at partial capacity". Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  64. ^ LabourStart (15 July 2013). "India: Free 147 jailed workers - support the hunger strikers". Retrieved 15 July 2013.
  65. ^ "31 Maruti employees convicted for 2012 Manesar violence". Deccan Chronicle. 10 March 2017.
  66. ^ Sakshi, Dayal (19 March 2017). "In Maruti plant violence: 13 sentenced to life, worker unions to hold rally". Indian Express.
  67. ^ "Free the Maruti Workers! 13 Maruti Union members given 'Life Sentence' for Struggling for Union Formation &Abolition of the Contract Worker System". Maruti Suzuki Workers Union. 19 March 2017.
  68. ^ "Free the framed-up Maruti Suzuki workers!". World Socialist Website. 20 March 2017.
  69. ^ Rao, Battini (19 March 2017). "Demanding Justice For Convicted Workers of Maruti Suzuki". Countercurrents.org.
  70. ^ "#SaferCarsForIndia". Globalncap.org. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  71. ^ "Crash Test Results of Maruti Suzuki Cars – Global NCAP". 13 November 2020.
  72. ^ "Maruti Suzuki S-Presso Safer In Africa As Compared To India: Reports". News.abplive.com. 30 November 2020.
  73. ^ "More safety features in cars will mean less road safety, says Maruti chief". The Indian Express. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  74. ^ "Maruti Suzuki Believes Only in Indian Vehicle Safety Standards, Will Not Send Cars for Global NCAP Test". News18.com. 19 February 2020.
  75. ^ "Maruti Suzuki Rated ZERO In Latest Global NCAP Crash Tests". Globalncap.org. 20 November 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  76. ^ "#SaferCarsForIndia". Global NCAP.
  77. ^ "Indian cars with unexpectedly poor safety ratings at global ncap maruti and hyundai top-list". 22 August 2023.
  78. ^ "3 cars with poor safety rating but high sales". 27 November 2023.
  79. ^ "Maruti Suzuki fined Rs 200 crore for anti-competitive dealer policies". Autocar India. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  80. ^ "Here's why CCI imposed Rs 200 crore penalty on Maruti Suzuki". India Today. 24 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  81. ^ Prasad, Gireesh Chandra (24 August 2021). "How Maruti got a ₹200-crore competition penalty". Livemint.com. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  82. ^ Gupta, Ritvik (26 April 2020). "Remembering The Maruti Suzuki Ritz: The Unstoppable Hatchback". The GoMechanic Blog. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  83. ^ "Maruti aims to double sales network to 4,000 outlets by 2020". The Economic Times. 4 April 2016.
  84. ^ "Maruti storage new" (JPG). Marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  85. ^ "Maruti tops dealership charts with 1,800 outlets across 1,450 cities". The Times of India.
  86. ^ 5 Paise Stock Broking's report on Maruti Udyog Limited before the IPO (.pdf file) "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2006. Retrieved 15 February 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  87. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 May 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  88. ^ "About Us | NEXA Experience". Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  89. ^ Desk, Internet. "Ignis: a premium hatchback for millennials from Maruti". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 February 2017. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  90. ^ "Maruti Suzuki launches NEXA: A New Premium Automotive Experience : Relationship Managers, Digital-enabled customer care and Showroom Design are among high points" (PDF). Marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  91. ^ "The Hindu : Maruti launches car insurance". 27 May 2005. Archived from the original on 27 May 2005. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  92. ^ The Hindu Business Line Sunday, 18 December 2005 -Maruti Insurance ramps up sales [1] Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  93. ^ "Maruti launches venture for car finance". 18 November 2004. Archived from the original on 18 November 2004.
  94. ^ "The Hindu Business Line : SBI ties up with Maruti for car loans". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 February 2006.
  95. ^ Retail Yatra. Com, 8 August 2003 -Maruti Suzuki, State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur join hands for car financing Jaipur "Retailyatra.info". Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 16 February 2006.
  96. ^ "The Hindu : Citicorp Maruti Finance gets P1 plus". 22 January 2002. Archived from the original on 22 January 2002. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  97. ^ Jebin, Nujhat. "MARUTI Institutional Ownership - MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD. Stock". Fintel.io.
  98. ^ "Maruti Suzuki to pep up True Value pre-owned car biz, plans revamp and expansion". Autocarpro.in.
  99. ^ Writeup about the Maruti N2N Fleet Management Solution Archived 21 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  100. ^ "Maruti Genuine Accessories". Archived from the original on 21 April 2005.
  101. ^ Deccan Herald, Online edition of Sunday, 20 March 2007 "Maruti Suzuki's first driving school in Bangalore""Maruti's first driving school in Bangalore - Deccan Herald". Archived from the original on 27 March 2006. Retrieved 15 February 2006.
  102. ^ "MUL sets up driving school in Bangalore". The Hindu. 20 March 2005.
  103. ^ "India's Most Trusted Brands 2013". Archived from the original on 28 August 2013.
  104. ^ "2019". Trustadvisory.info. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzuki&oldid=1257360944"