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List of spacecraft with electric propulsion

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In chronological order, spacecraft are listed equipped with electric space propulsion. This includes both cruise engines and/or thrusters for attitude and orbit control. It is not specified whether the given engine is the sole means of propulsion or whether other types of engine are also used on a spacecraft. The list does not claim to be comprehensive.

Chronological overview

[edit]
Spacecraft with electric propulsion
Spacecraft name Launch date End of life Thruster type No. Model Propellant Spacecraft customer Thruster prime Comment
Program 661A Flight A 18 Dec 1962 18 Dec 1962 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF United States EOS (Electro-Optical Systems, Inc.) Suborbital, no operation of on-board ion engine
Kosmos 21 11 Nov 1963 11 Nov 1963 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 Launch failure
Zond 1 2 Apr 1964 14 May 1964 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 The experimental ion thruster-based attitude control system were tested but found to operate erratically, possibly due to the loss of pressure in the electronics compartment.
SERT 1 20 Jul 1964 20 Jul 1964 Ion engine 1
1		 Mercury
Cesium		 United States NASA United States NASA
Hughes		 Space Electric Rocket Test, suborbital (31 min), the first demonstration of an ion engine in space - only the mercury engine by NASA was operated
Program 661A Flight B 29 Aug 1964 29 Aug 1964 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF United States EOS Suborbital, experimental test (19 min operation)
Zond 2 30 Nov 1964 14 May 1965 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 Is widely regarded as the first application of electric propulsion systems in space (70 min of PPT operation)
Program 661A Flight C 21 Dec 1964 21 Dec 1964 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF United States EOS Suborbital, experimental test (4 min operation)
Snapshot 3 Apr 1965 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF/Army United States EOS Experimental 1 hour operation, SNAP-10A nuclear reactor
Zond 3 18 Jul 1965 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Operation of thruster failed
Yantar-1 13 Oct 1966 13 Oct 1966 Ion engine Argon Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
Yantar-2 1968 1968 Ion engine Nitrogen Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
ATS-4 10 Aug 1968 Ion engine 2 Cesium United States USAF/NASA United States EOS Experimental 10 hours operation, Satellite Technology Applications
LES-6 26 Sep 1968 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE United States USAF United States MIT Lincoln Lab. Lincoln Experimental Satellite
Yantar-3 1969 1969 Ion engine Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
ATS-5 12 Aug 1969 Ion engine 2 Cesium United States USAF/NASA United States EOS Experimental
SERT 2 3 Feb 1970 Ion engine 2 Mercury United States NASA United States NASA/Westinghouse (Experimental), worked until 1981 (3781 hours)
Yantar-4 1971 1971 Ion engine Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
Meteor 1-10 29 Dec 1971 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-60 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
L-4SC-3 20 Aug 1974 20 Aug 1974 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Japan ISAS Experimental, ballistic launch. Launch failure.
ATS-6 30 May 1974 Ion engine 2 Cesium United States NASA United States EOS Experimental 92 hours operation
Meteor-Priroda 1 (Meteor 1-18) 9 Jul 1974 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-60 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
Kren-1 (Kosmos-728) 18 Apr 1975 18 Apr 1975 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Potassium Soviet Union Soviet Union NIITP Ballistic flight
TIP-2 12 Oct 1975 Pulsed plasma thruster 2 TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Republic Aviation Transit Improvement Program (Triad / NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Kren-2 (Kosmos-780) 21 Nov 1975 21 Nov 1975 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Potassium Soviet Union Soviet Union NIITP Ballistic flight
Meteor-Priroda 2-1 (Meteor 1-25) 15 May 1976 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-60 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
TIP-3 1 Sep 1976 Pulsed plasma thruster 2 TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Republic Aviation Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Meteor-Priroda 2-2 (Meteor 1-28) 29 Jun 1977 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
Kust-1 7 Dec 1977 7 Dec 1977 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight, Russian acronym of Kubarev, thruster, jet
Kust-2 30 Nov 1978 30 Nov 1978 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
Astrofizika (Kosmos 1066) 23 Dec 1978 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
Kust-3 21 Jan 1979 21 Jan 1979 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
SCATHA (P78-2) 30 Jan 1979 Ion source 1 Xenon United States USAF/NASA United States Hughes Satellite Positive Ion Beam System (SPIBS), No engine in the strict sense
Intelsat-5 F-2 6 Dec 1980 Resistojet Hydrazine United States ITSO/Inmarsat Communications satellite, and 1984, eight satellites
MS-T4 (Tansei 4) 17 Feb 1980 13 May 1983 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Ammonia Japan ISAS Experimental, thruster for spin-up
ETS-4 (Kiku 3) 11 Feb 1981 24 Dec 1984 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Japan NASDA Japan AIST Engineering Test Satellite (experimental)
Nova-1 14 May 1981 Pulsed plasma thruster TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Meteor-Priroda 2-4 (Meteor 1-31) 10 Jul 1981 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
MDT-2A 7 Dec 1981 7 Dec 1981 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE China China SSTC Academia Sinica Ballistic Missile
Potok 1/Geizer 1 (Kosmos 1366) 17 May 1982 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
ETS-3 (Kiku 4) 3 Sep 1982 8 Mar 1985 Ion engine 2 Mercury Japan NASDA Japan MELCO Engineering Test Satellite (experimental)
Potok 2/Geizer 2 (Kosmos 1540) 2 Mar 1984 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Nova-3 12 Oct 1984 Pulsed plasma thruster TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Luch #1 (Kosmos 1700) 25 Oct 1985 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Potok 3/Geizer 3 (Kosmos 1738) 4 Apr 1986 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Plazma-A #1 (Kosmos 1818) 1 Feb 1987 Hall effect thruster 6 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control, Topaz-1 nuclear reactor
Plazma-A #2 (Kosmos 1867) 10 Jul 1987 Hall effect thruster 6 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control, Topaz-1 nuclear reactor
Start-1 7 Aug 1987 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster AMPDT Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Autonomous MPD Thruster
Start-2 9 Sep 1987 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster AMPDT Argon Soviet Union Soviet Union Autonomous MPD Thruster
Potok 4/Geizer 5 (Kosmos 1888) 1 Oct 1987 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Luch #2 (Kosmos 1897) 26 Nov 1987 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Nova-2 16 Jun 1988 Pulsed plasma thruster TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Potok 5/Geizer 6 (Kosmos 1961) 1 Aug 1988 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Luch #3 (Kosmos 2054) 27 Dec 1989 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Potok 6/Geizer 7 (Kosmos 2085) 18 Jul 1990 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Potok 7/Geizer 8 (Kosmos 2172) 22 Nov 1991 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
EURECA 2 Aug 1992 1 Jul 1993 Ion engine RIT-10 (RITA) Xenon ESA Germany MBB 240 hours operation
Telstar 401 16 Dec 1993 11 Jan 1997 Arcjet MR-508 Hydrazine United States AT&T United States Rocket Research Co. Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000)
Gals-1 20 Jan 1994 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel Communication Satellite
ETS-6 (Kiku 6) 28 Aug 1994 9 Jul 1996 Ion engine XIES Xenon Japan NASDA Japan Mitsubishi Electric Experimental, Xenon Ion Engine System
Telstar 402 9 Sep 1994 9 Sep 1994 Arcjet MR-508 Hydrazine United States AT&T United States Rocket Research Co. Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000), exploded shortly after launch
Potok 8/Geizer 9 (Kosmos 2291) 21 Sep 1994 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Ekspress 1 13 Oct 1994 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Luch 4 16 Dec 1994 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Space Flyer Unit (SFU) 18 Mar 1995 13 Jan 1996 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster 1 EPEX Hydrazine Japan ISAS/NASDA Japan ISAS Electric Propulsion Experiment, 43395 pulses of operation
Potok 9/Geizer 10 (Kosmos 2319) 30 Aug 1995 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Telstar 402R (Telstar 4) 24 Sep 1995 Sep 2003 Arcjet MR-508 Hydrazine United States AT&T United States Rocket Research Co. Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000)
Luch2-1 11 Oct 1995 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Gals-2 17 Nov 1995 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel Communication Satellite
Ekspress 2 26 Sep 1996 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
A2100 1997 Arcjet MR-510 United States Lockheed/Aerojet Communication Satellite
PAS 5 (now: Intelsat 5) 28 Aug 1997 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on HS-601HP (first commercial satellite with XIPS)
Kupon-1 12 Nov 1997 Mar 1998 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Bank of Russia Russia OKB Fakel Communication Satellite
Galaxy 8i 8 Dec 1997 2004 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Astra 2A 30 Aug 1998 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Luxembourg SES United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
STEX (NROL-8) 3 Oct 1998 Hall effect thruster TAL-D55 Xenon United States NRO Russia TsNIIMash EPDM (Electric Propulsion Demonstration Module)
Deep Space 1 24 Oct 1998 2001 Ion engine 1 NSTAR Xenon United States NASA United States NASA
Satmex 5 (now: Eutelsat 115 West A) 5 Dec 1998 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Mexico Satmex United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; propulsion failed on 27 Jan 2010
PAS 6B (now: Intelsat 6B) 21 Dec 1998 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
ARGOS (P91-1) 23 Feb 1999 31 Jul 2003 Arcjet ESEX Ammonia United States USAF United States Rocket Research Co. Experimental military satellite, Electric Propulsion Space Experiment
Orion 3 5 May 1999 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States Orion Network Systems United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; injected into wrong orbit
Astra 1H 18 Jun 1999 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Luxembourg SES United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Yamal 101 6 Sep 1999 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite
Yamal 102 6 Sep 1999 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite
DirecTV 1R 10 Oct 1999 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon United States DirecTV United States Hughes-EDD Communications satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Ekspress-A 1 27 Oct 1999 27 Oct 1999 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel Communication satellite, satellite lost during launch
Galaxy 10R 25 Jan 2000 2009 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; reduced mission time due to malfunction in XIPS
Ekspress-A 2 12 Mar 2000 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel Communication satellite
SESAT 1 (now: Eutelsat 16C) 17 Apr 2000 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon France Eutelsat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite, Ekspress satellite bus by NPO PM
Galaxy 4R 19 Apr 2000 2006 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; XIPS failed by 2003
Ekspress-A 3 24 Jun 2000 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel Communication satellite
Potok 10/Geizer 12 (Kosmos 2371) 4 Jul 2000 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
MightySat II.1 19 Jul 2000 12 Nov 2002 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE United States AFRL United States USAF/NASA/Olin Aerospace Co. Experimental satellite
PAS 9 (now: Intelsat 9) 28 Jul 2000 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
AMSAT-Phase 3-D (OSCAR-40) 16 Nov 2000 2004 Arcjet ATOS Ammonia Germany AMSAT Germany University of Stuttgart, IRS Arcjet Thruster on OSCAR Satellite, operated in cold gas mode
EO-1 21 Nov 2000 30 Mar 2017 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE United States NASA United States Primex Aerospace Earth Observing-1, technology demonstrator
PAS 10 (now: Intelsat 10) 15 May 2001 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Astra 2C 16 Jun 2001 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Luxembourg SES United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes 601HP
Artemis 12 Jul 2001 Nov 2017 Ion engine 4 RIT-10 (RITA) and UK-10(T5) Xenon ESA Germany Astrium Advanced Relay Technology Mission ESA Artemis satellite using 4 ion engines (2 RIT and 2 UK-10) has paved the way for the use of electric propulsion in telecommunication spacecraft.[1]
DirecTV 4S 27 Nov 2001 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon United States DirecTV United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Ekspress-A 1R (Ekspress-A 4) 10 Jun 2002 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100(?), KM-5[2] Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel(?), Keldysh Communication satellite
AsiaSat 4 11 Apr 2003 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon Hong Kong AsiaSat United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Hayabusa 9 May 2003 13 Jun 2010 Ion engine 4 μ10 Xenon Japan JAXA Japan JAXA/ISAS
SMART-1 28 Sep 2003 3 Sep 2006 Hall effect thruster 1 PPS-1350 Xenon ESA France Snecma Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology
Galaxy 13 / Horizons 1 1 Oct 2003 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United StatesJapan PanAmSat/JSAT United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Yamal 201 24 Nov 2003 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel
Yamal 202 24 Nov 2003 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel
Ekspress-AM 1 29 Oct 2004 10 Aug 2013 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel
AMC 12 (Astra 4A / Star One C12 / now: NSS 10) 3 Feb 2005 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States SES Americom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus-4000C3
Ekspress-AM 2 29 Mar 2005 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel
Monitor-E 26 Aug 2005 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Russia Roskosmos Russia OKB Fakel Earth observation satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
MBSat 1 (ABS 2i / now: ABS 4 (Mobisat)) 13 Mar 2004 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Japan
Bermuda		 MBCO
Sold to: ABS		 Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
Ekspress-AM 3 29 Oct 2004 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel
AMC 23 29 Dec 2005 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States SES Americom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus-4000C3
KazSat-1 18 Jun 2005 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Kazakhstan JSC KazSat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
ION 26 Jul 2006 26 Jul 2006 Vacuum arc thruster 4 μVAT Tungsten United States UIUC United States UIUC Satellite lost during injection phase
MEASAT-3 11 Dec 2006 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon Malaysia MEASAT United States L-3 ETI Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
TacSat-2 16 Dec 2006 5 Feb 2011 Hall effect thruster 1 BHT-200 Xenon United States USAF United States Busek Microsatellite Propulsion Integration (MPI) Experiment, military applications
ETS-8 (Kiku 8) 18 Dec 2006 Ion engine 4 XIES Xenon Japan JAXA Japan Mitsubishi Electric
FalconSat-3 9 Mar 2007 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 MPACS PTFE United States USAFA United States Busek Experimental Satellite, Micro-Propulsion Attitude Control System
Dawn 27 Sep 2007 Ion engine 3 NSTAR Xenon United States NASA United States NASA
Telstar 11N 26 Feb 2009 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States Loral Skynet Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
GOCE 17 Mar 2009 11 Nov 2013 Ion engine 2 T5 Xenon ESA United Kingdom QinetiQ
Sirius FM5 (Radiosat 5) 30 Jun 2009 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States Sirius Satellite Radio Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
STSAT-2A 25 Aug 2009 25 Aug 2009 Pulsed plasma thruster South Korea KARI South Korea KAIST/SaTReC Satellite lost during injection phase
NSS-12 29 Oct 2009 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Netherlands SES New Skies Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
GSAT-4 (Healthsat) 15 Apr 2010 15 Apr 2010 Hall effect thruster 2
2		 KM-45
(Unnamed)		 Xenon India ISRO RussiaIndia Keldysh
ISRO		 Launcher failed to reach orbit[3][4][5]
STSAT-2B 10 Jun 2010 10 Jun 2010 Pulsed plasma thruster South Korea KARI South Korea KAIST/SaTReC Satellite lost during injection phase
AEHF-SV-1 (USA-214) 14 Aug 2010 Hall effect thruster 4 BPT-4000 (XR-5) Xenon United States USAF United States Aerojet Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100; mission saved by Hall thruster
FalconSat-5 (USA-221) 20 Nov 2010 Hall effect thruster BHT-200 Xenon United States USAF United States Busek Experimental Satellite
KazSat-2 16 Jul 2011 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Kazakhstan JSC KazSat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
Fobos-Grunt 9 Nov 2011 15 Jan 2012 Hall effect thruster 3 SPT-140 Xenon Russia Roskosmos Russia OKB Fakel Failed to reach intended trajectory
SES-4 14 Feb 2012 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Netherlands SES World Skies Russia OKB Fakel
AEHF-SV-2 (USA-235) 4 May 2012 Hall effect thruster BPT-4000 (XR-5) Xenon United States USAF United States Aerojet Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100
SES-5 9 Jul 2012 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Netherlands SES World Skies Russia OKB Fakel
Kanopus-V 22 Jul 2012 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Russia Roskosmos Russia OKB Fakel Earth observation satellite
TET-1 22 Jul 2012 Resistojet 1 Aquajet Water Germany DLR Germany Aerospace Innovation Experimental
PROITERES 9 Sep 2012 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE Japan OIT Japan OIT Academic satellite, communication loss before propulsion test
Shijian-9A (SJ-9A) 14 Oct 2012 Hall effect thruster
Ion engine		 HET-40
LIPS-200		 Xenon China COSTIND China SISP
LIP		 Experimental satellite based on CAST-2000
Yamal 402 8 Dec 2012 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Spacebus-4000C3, satellite failed to reach intended orbit
STRaND-1 25 Feb 2013 Pulsed plasma thruster United Kingdom SSTL United Kingdom SSTL 3U Cubesat propulsion demonstration
Alphasat (Inmarsat-4A F4) 25 Jul 2013 Hall effect thruster 4 PPS-1350 Xenon United Kingdom Inmarsat/ESA France Snecma Operational
AEHF-SV-3 (USA-246) 18 Sep 2013 Hall effect thruster BPT-4000 (XR-5) Xenon United States USAF United States Aerojet Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100
CUSat 29 Sep 2013 16 Oct 2013 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE United States Cornell University United States Cornell University
University of Washington		 Technology demonstration
STSAT-3 21 Nov 2013 Dec 2015 Hall effect thruster 1 Xenon South Korea KARI South Korea KAIST/SaTReC
DubaiSat-2 21 Nov 2013 Hall effect thruster 1 Xenon United Arab Emirates MBRSC South Korea Japan Satrec Initiative
JAXA (Neutralizer)		 Satellite bus based on Satrec Initiative SI-300
Wren 21 Nov 2013 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 Germany StaDoKo Germany StaDoKo 1U PocketQub propulsion
Ekspress-AM5 26 Dec 2013 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel EP system used to insert the satellite into GEO. Unclear if EP is also used for station keeping.
KazSat-3 28 Apr 2014 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Kazakhstan JSC KazSat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Ekspress 1000 NTA bus
Deimos-2 19 Jun 2014 Hall effect thruster HEPS Xenon Spain Deimos Imaging South Korea Satrec Initiative Satellite bus based on Satrec Initiative SI-300
Hodoyoshi 4 19 Jun 2014 Ion engine 1 MIPS Xenon Japan University of Tokyo/NESTRA Japan University of Tokyo
MKA-FKI PN2 (Vernov) 8 Jul 2014 Dec 2014 Pulsed plasma thruster APPT-45-2 PTFE Russia Russian Academy of Sciences Russia RIAME Satellite based on bus Karat; communication loss before thruster operation
Ekspress-AM6 (Eutelsat 53A) 21 Oct 2014 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel EP system used to insert the satellite into GEO. Unclear if EP is also used for station keeping.
Hayabusa2 3 Dec 2014 Ion engine 4 Xenon Japan JAXA Japan JAXA/ISAS
PROCYON 3 Dec 2014 Ion engine 1 I-COUPS Xenon Japan JAXA/University of Tokyo Japan University of Tokyo PRoximate Object Close flYby with Optical Navigation, experimental >200 h operation
Yamal 401 15 Dec 2014 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on bus Ekspress-2000A
ABS-3A 2 Mar 2015 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Bermuda ABS United States L-3 ETI First Boeing 702SP all-electric satellites
Satmex 7 (now: Eutelsat 115 West B) 2 Mar 2015 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Mexico Satmex United States L-3 ETI First Boeing 702SP all-electric satellites
BRICsat-P 20 May 2015 Vacuum arc thruster 4 μCAT United States USNA United States GW University Detumbling, spin and a delta-V for a 1.5U cubesat in 500km orbit
AeroCube 8A 20 May 2015 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
AeroCube 8B 20 May 2015 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
KaiTuo-1A (XinJiShu YanZheng-2) 19 Sep 2015 Hall effect thruster 1
1		 LHT-100
(Unnamed)		 Xenon China China LIP
BICE		 Experimental Satellite
Lisa Pathfinder 3 Dec 2015 Electrospray Thruster 8 CMNT Ionic Liquid Propellant ESA United States Busek Very precise attitude control
Horyu-4 (AEGIS) 18 Feb 2016 Vacuum arc thruster Japan KIT Japan KIT
SES-9 4 Mar 2016 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Luxembourg SES United States L-3 ETI
ABS-2A 15 Jun 2016 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Bermuda ABS United States L-3 ETI Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Satmex 9 (now: Eutelsat 117 West B) 15 Jun 2016 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Mexico Satmex United States L-3 ETI Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Shijian-17 (SJ-17) 3 Nov 2016 Hall effect thruster LHT-100 Xenon China CAST China LIP
AeroCube 8C 11 Nov 2016 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
AeroCube 8D 11 Nov 2016 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
AOBA-VELOX III 9 Dec 2016 Pulsed plasma thruster 1 PTFE Singapore
Japan		 NTU
KIT		 Singapore NTU 2U-Cubesat propulsion, satellite piggyback on HTV-6, deployed from ISS on 16 Jan 2017
Hispasat 36W-1 (SmallGEO) 27 Jan 2017 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Spain Hispasat Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on OHB Luxor bus
SES-10 30 Mar 2017 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Luxembourg SES Russia OKB Fakel
Shijian-13 (SJ-13) 12 Apr 2017 Ion engine 4 LIPS-200 Xenon China CAST & ChinaSatcom China LIP Satellite based on DongFangHong-3B satellite bus
GSAT-9 (South Asian Satellite) 5 May 2017 Hall effect thruster 4 KM-45 Xenon India ISRO Russia Keldysh Station-keeping of satellite, including orbit changes [6][7][8][9]
SES-15 18 May 2017 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon United States SES World Skies United States L-3 ETI Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Eutelsat 172B 1 Jun 2017 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-140 Xenon France Eutelsat Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar-3000EOR
PEGASUS 23 Jun 2017 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE Austria FH Wiener Neustadt Austria FH Wiener Neustadt Cubesat propulsion; part of QB50
Shijian-18 2 Jul 2017 2 Jul 2017 Ion engine LIPS-300 Xenon China China LIP Launcher failed to reach orbit
VENμS 2 Aug 2017 Hall effect thruster 2 IHET-300 Xenon Israel
France		 ISA
CNES		 Israel Rafael Station-keeping, fine attitude control and orbit change
AsiaSat-9 28 Sep 2017 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Hong Kong AsiaSat Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems Loral SSL-1300 bus
SLATS (Tsubame) 23 Dec 2017 2 Oct 2019 Ion engine 1 XIES Xenon Japan Japan
Flock-3p' 12 Jan 2018 FEEP 1 IFM Nano Indium United States Planet Labs Austria Enpulsion First successful IOD of a FEEP thruster on a 3U Cubesat
SES-14 25 Jan 2018 Hall effect thruster SPT-140 Xenon Luxembourg SES Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
SES-12 4 Jun 2018 Hall effect thruster SPT-140 Xenon Luxembourg SES Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
NovaSAR 16 Sep 2018 Resistojet
Quad confinement thruster		 1
1
QCT-200		 Xenon United Kingdom SSTL/ADS UK United Kingdom SSTL
SSC/SSTL		 Satellite based on SSTL-300 bus
BepiColombo 20 Oct 2018 Ion engine 4 T6 Xenon
Japan		 ESA & JAXA United Kingdom QinetiQ Solar Electric Propulsion System (SEPS)
(undisclosed) 2018 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
(undisclosed) 2018 FEEP 1 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
FalconSat-6 3 Dec 2018 Hall effect thruster BHT-200 Xenon United States USAF United States Busek Experimental Satellite
UWE-4 27 Dec 2018 FEEP 4 NanoFEEP Gallium Germany Universität Würzburg Germany Morpheus Space First IOD of orbit control on a picosatellite using electric propulsion
AOBA-VELOX-IV 18 Jan 2019 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE Singapore
Japan		 NTU
KIT		 Singapore NTU
Xiaoxiang-1 03 21 Jan 2019 Electrospray thruster China Spacety Aerospace Corp. China 206th Institute
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
PSN-6 (Nusantara Satu) 22 Feb 2019 Xenon Indonesia PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara United States SSL
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 7 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
Starlink L0 23 May 2019 Hall effect thruster 60x? Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX First operational Starlink satellite design
Yamal 601 30 May 2019 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Gazprom Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on bus Ekspress-2000A
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
JCSAT-18/Kacific-1[10][11] 17 Dec 2019 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon SKY Perfect JSAT / Kacific United States Boeing-EDD Boeing 702
Shijian-20(SJ-20) 27 Dec 2019 Ion engine LIPS-300 Xenon China CAST China LIP Back-up of Shijian-18 based on DFH-5 Bus
Eutelsat KONNECT 17 Jan 2020 Spacebus Neo Xenon Propulsion System (XPS) Xenon
Double Asteroid Redirection Test 24 Nov 2021 26 Sep 2022 Next-C Ion Engine Xenon United States NASA United States Aerojet Rocketdyne
MicroHETSat 1 Dec 2023 Hall Effect Thruster Sitael HT100 Xenon Italy ESA Italy Sitael IOD for HT100

Planned missions

[edit]
Planned missions
Spacecraft name Launch date Thruster type Model Propellant Spacecraft customer Thruster prime Comment
Starlink 1-1 to 1-60 2019 Hall effect thruster Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX
Starlink 2-1 to 2-60 2019 Hall effect thruster Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX
Starlink 3-1 to 3-60 2019 Hall effect thruster Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX
APStar 6D 2019 Ion engine LIPS-300 Xenon China China LIP DFH-5 bus
GSAT-20 2024 Hall effect thruster Xenon India ISRO India ISRO
SES-17 2021 Hall effect thruster Xenon Luxembourg SES France Snecma (TBC) all-electric Spacebus Neo
Hotbird 13F 2021 Hall effect thruster PPS5000 (TBC) Xenon France Eutelsat France Snecma (TBC) all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
Hotbird 13G 2021 Hall effect thruster PPS5000 (TBC) Xenon France Eutelsat France Snecma (TBC) all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
ASTER 2021 Hall effect thruster PMHT Xenon Brazil AEB Brazil UnB MetNet bus
ETS-9 2021+ Hall effect thruster Xenon Japan JAXA Japan IHI Aerospace
Ionozond (Ionosfere 1 & 2) 2023+ Pulsed plasma thruster APPT-95 PTFE Russia Roskosmos Russia RIAME AOCS
NASA Gateway 2025 Hall effect thruster Xenon United States NASA United States L3-Aerojet Rocketdyne/Busek
AQUIS 2025 Vacuum Arc Jet Tungsten Germany Space Team Aachen Germany Space Team Aachen FEEP in development as upgrade
Soyuz-Sat-O ? Pulsed plasma thruster APPT-155 PTFE Russia
Belarus		 Russia RIAME

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Present and Future of Space Electric Propulsion in Europe" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  2. ^ "paper From RNII to Keldysh Research Center on page 56 of the magazine Земля и Вселенная #5 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  3. ^ "IAC Archive — IAC-07/C4/4/1". iafastro.directory. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  4. ^ "Review of works on Electric propulsion at Keldysh Research Center" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  5. ^ "GSLV D3/GSAT-4 Brochure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  6. ^ "ISRO to Test Electric Propulsion on Satellites". Archived from the original on December 2, 2015.
  7. ^ Murthy, P. V. N.; Raghavaiah, Vaddi; Sowjanya, P.; Renuka, R.; Kumar, Shiv S.; Hariharan, V. K.; Rao, M. Nageswara (Dec 2016). "Study on EMI/ESD effects of Electric Propulsion System on spacecraft systems and mitigation techniques". 2016 International Conference on ElectroMagnetic Interference & Compatibility (INCEMIC). IEEE. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/incemic.2016.7921463. ISBN 9781509058402. S2CID 44506648.
  8. ^ "Центр Келдыша разработал новый электроракетный двигатель". ТАСС. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  9. ^ HUANG, WENSHENG (Dec 2017). "Electric rockets power bigger share".
  10. ^ "MediaRoom - News Releases/Statements". MediaRoom. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
  11. ^ "Kacific1 Milestones: Bus and Payload Integration Complete – Kacific". Retrieved 2019-12-17.
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