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List of predecessors of sovereign states in North America

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This is a list of all present sovereign states in North America and their predecessors. The division between North and South America is unclear, generally viewed as lying somewhere in the Isthmus of Panama, however, the Caribbean Islands, Central America including the whole of Panama is considered to be part of North America as its southernmost nation. The continent was colonized by the Europeans: Mainly by the Spaniards, the French, the English and the Dutch. The United States of America gained its independence in American Revolutionary War; most of nations in Central America gained independence in the early 19th century; Canada and many other island countries in the Caribbean Sea (most of them were British colonies) gained their independence in 20th century. Today, North America consists of twenty-two sovereign states.

Sovereign state Predecessors
Antigua and Barbuda Colony of Antigua and Colony of Barbuda (1671–1816; 1833–1958) (part of the British Leeward Islands)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Colony of Antigua (1962–1981) (Associated State since 1967)
 Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Bahamas, The Colony of the Bahamas (1648–1717)
Colony of the Bahamas (1717–1973)
 Commonwealth of the Bahamas (1973–present)
Barbados Colony of Barbados (1625–1885) (part of the British Windward Islands)
Colony of Barbados (1885–1958; 1962–1966) (separated Crown colony)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
 Barbados (1966–present)
Belize British Honduras (1862–1973)
Belize (1973–1981) (British self-governing colony)
 Belize (1981–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Canada

Hundreds of First Nations, some of which have domestic national governments
New France (1535–1763) (a French colony)
Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada (1791–1841)
United Province of Canada (1841–1867)
Rupert's Land (1670–1870) (a territory of the Hudson's Bay Company)
North-Western Territory (1859–1870)
Colony of British Columbia (1858–1871) (included the Colony of Vancouver Island and former British Columbia since 1866)
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885) (unrecognized Métis republic defeated in the North-West Rebellion)
Newfoundland Colony (1610–1907)
Dominion of Newfoundland (1907–1949) (a dominion within British Empire 1907–1934, a dependency of United Kingdom 1934–1949)
 Canada (1867–present) (before the Second World War the term Dominion of Canada was also used)

Costa Rica Part of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609) (part of New Spain)
Part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821) (part of New Spain)
Part of the Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
Part of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
Free State of Costa Rica (1838–1847)
First Costa Rican Republic (1848–1948)
 Second Costa Rican Republic (1949–present)
Cuba Part of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1512–1607)
Captaincy General of Cuba (1607–1898)
United States Military Government in Cuba (1898–1902)
Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)
 Republic of Cuba (1959–present)
Dominica Colony of Dominica (part of the British Leeward Islands 1871–1958) (1763–1958)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Dominica (1962–1978) (Associated State since 1967)
 Commonwealth of Dominica (1978–present)
Dominican Republic Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1492–1795)
Colony of Saint-Domingue (1795–1809)
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1809–1821)
Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822)
Occupied by Haiti (1822–1844)
Dominican Republic (1844–1861)
Occupied by Spain (1861–1865)
 Dominican Republic (1865–present)
El Salvador Part of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609) (part of New Spain)
Part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821) (part of New Spain)
Part of the Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
Part of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)
 Republic of El Salvador (1841–present) (before 1890 referred to as Republic of Salvador in English)
Grenada French Grenada (1649–1763)
British Grenada (1763–1958) (part of  British Windward Islands 1833–1958)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
British Grenada (1962–1974) (Associated State from 1967)
 Grenada (1974–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Guatemala Part of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609)
Part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821)
Part of the Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
Part of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1839)
 Republic of Guatemala (1839–present)
Haiti Colony of Saint-Domingue (1625–1804)
First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
State of Haiti (1806–1811) (northern Haiti)
Haiti Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)
Republic of Haiti (1806–1849) (included northern Haiti since 1820; with Dominican Republic annexed 1822–1844)
Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
 Republic of Haiti (1859–present) (occupied by United States 1915–1934)
Honduras Part of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609)
Part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821)
Part of the Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
Part of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
 Republic of Honduras (1838–present)
Jamaica Colony of Jamaica (1655–1962)
 Jamaica (1962–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Mexico Olmecs (1600–400 BC)
Mixtec Civilization (1500 BC – 1523)
Xochitecatl (800 BC – 950)
Zapotec civilization (c. 700 BC – 1521)
Teuchitlán Civilisation (350 BC – 450/500)
Teotihuacan (200 BC – 750)
Cholula city-state (2nd century BC – 1521)
Veracruz civilisation (100–1000)
Maya civilization (250–1697)
Toltec Empire (650–1122)
Colhuacan (717–1521)
Xochimilco (c. 900 – 1521)
Azcapotzalco (995–1428)
Cocollán (1100–1521)
Chalco (13th century – 1521)
Purépecha Empire (1300–1520)
Chiefdom of Ameca (1325–1522)
Tlatelolco (1337–1473)
Aztec Empire (1428–1521)

Tlaxcala (1348–1520)
Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521–1821)
First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
First Mexican Republic (1824–1835)
Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)
Republic of Yucatán (1841–1848)
Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863)
Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)
 United Mexican States (1867–present)

Nicaragua Part of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609)
Part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821)
Part of the Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
Part of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
 Republic of Nicaragua (1838–present)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Colony of Saint Christopher (1623–1882) and Colony of Nevis (1628–1882) (from 1833 part of  British Leeward Islands)
Colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1882–1958) (part of the  British Leeward Islands; Anguilla separated from 1882 to 1951)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1962–1983) (Associated State from 1967; Anguilla separated since 1980)
 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present) (officially the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis)
Saint Lucia Colony of Sainte Lucie (1674–1814)
Colony of Saint Lucia (1814–1958) (from 1838 part of the  British Windward Islands)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Colony of Saint Lucia (1962–1979) (Associated State from 1967)
 Saint Lucia (1979–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Colony of Saint Vincent (1763–1958) (from 1838 part of the  British Windward Islands)
Part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Colony of Saint Vincent (1962–1979) (Associated State since 1967)
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present) (Commonwealth realm)
United States

See also

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