List of federally recognized tribes by state

Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government.^[1] For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities. As of January 8, 2024^[update], 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.^[2]^[3] Of these, 227 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California.

Description

In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...."^[1] The constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 [1913]) warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).^[4] Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in consultation with federally recognized tribes.

In January 2015, the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 566 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.^[5] The number of tribes increased to 567 in July 2015 with the federal recognition of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia.^[6] USA.gov, the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list of tribal governments which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.

In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574.^[7] Of these, 231 are located in Alaska.

Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes today forcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century,^[8] mainly to the west and especially to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.^[9]

Alabama

Poarch Band of Creek Indians
(previously listed as Poarch Band of Creeks, Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama, Creek Nation East of the Mississippi)

Alaska

Arizona

Ak-Chin Indian Community
(previously listed as Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona)
Cocopah Tribe of Arizona
Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona
(previously listed as Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation)
Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona
Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona
Hopi Tribe of Arizona
Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona
Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona
Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona
Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona
San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona
San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona
Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona
Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona
White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona
Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona
Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation, Arizona

Multiple states:

Arkansas

No federally recognized tribes

California

Multiple states:

Colorado

Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado

Multiple states:

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah

Connecticut

Delaware

No federally recognized tribes

Florida

Miccosukee Tribe of Indians
(previously listed as Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida)
Seminole Tribe of Florida

Georgia

No federally recognized tribes

Hawaii

No federally recognized tribes

Idaho

Coeur D'Alene Tribe, previously listed as Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation, Idaho^[11]
Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation
(previously listed as Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho)

Multiple states:

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Idaho and Nevada

Illinois

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation^[12]
^[13]

Indiana

Multiple states:

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana

Iowa

Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa

Kansas

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas
Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas
(previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)

Multiple states:

Kentucky

No federally recognized tribes

Louisiana

Maine

Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
(previously listed as Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians of Maine)
Mi'kmaq Nation
(previously listed as Aroostook Band of Micmacs; Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians)
Passamaquoddy Tribe
(previously listed as Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine)
Penobscot Nation
(previously listed as Penobscot Tribe of Maine)

Maryland

No federally recognized tribes

Massachusetts

Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Massachusetts
Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts
(previously listed as Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc.)

Michigan

Multiple states:

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana

Minnesota

Multiple states:

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (also in Minnesota)
(previously listed as Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)
Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota
Six component reservations:
- Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake)
- Fond du Lac Band (also in Wisconsin)
- Grand Portage Band
- Leech Lake Band
- Mille Lacs Band
- White Earth Band

Mississippi

Multiple states:

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians

Missouri

No federally recognized tribes

Montana

Multiple states:

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)

Nebraska

Omaha Tribe of Nebraska
Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska
(previously listed as Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska)
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska

Multiple states:

Nevada

Multiple states:

New Hampshire

No federally recognized tribes

New Jersey

No federally recognized tribes

New Mexico

Multiple states:

Fort Sill Apache Tribe (also Oklahoma)
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah
Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico (also Arizona)

New York

Cayuga Nation
(previously listed as Cayuga Nation of New York)
Oneida Indian Nation
(previously listed as Oneida Nation of New York)
Onondaga Nation of New York
Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
(previously listed as St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York)
Seneca Nation of New York
Shinnecock Nation
Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians of New York
Tuscarora Nation of New York

North Carolina

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
(previously listed as Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina)

North Dakota

Multiple states:

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)

Ohio

No federally recognized tribes

Oklahoma

Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town
Apache Tribe of Oklahoma
Caddo Nation of Oklahoma
(previously listed as Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma)
Cherokee Nation
Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, Oklahoma
(previously listed as Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma)
Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma
Comanche Nation, Oklahoma
(previously listed as Comanche Indian Tribe)
Delaware Nation
(previously listed as Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma)
Delaware Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma
(previously listed as Cherokee Delaware)
(previously listed as Eastern Delaware)
Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma
Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma
Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma
Kaw Nation, Oklahoma
Kialegee Tribal Town
Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
Miami Tribe of Oklahoma
Modoc Nation (previously listed as Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma)
Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma
Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma
Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma
Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
Quapaw Nation (previously listed as Quapaw Tribe of Indians)
Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma
Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
Shawnee Tribe
The Chickasaw Nation
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
The Muscogee (Creek) Nation
The Osage Nation
(previously listed as Osage Tribe of Oklahoma)
The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
Thlopthlocco Tribal Town, Oklahoma
Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco & Tawakonie), Oklahoma
Wyandotte Nation

Oregon

Multiple states:

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe

Pennsylvania

No federally recognized tribes

Rhode Island

Narragansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island

South Carolina

Catawba Indian Nation
(previously listed as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina)

South Dakota

Multiple states:

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)

Tennessee

Multiple states:

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians^[15]

Texas

Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas
Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas
(previously listed as Texas Band of Traditional Kickapoo)
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas

Utah

Multiple states:

Vermont

No federally recognized tribes

Virginia

Washington

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation
Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation
(previously the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation)
Cowlitz Indian Tribe
Hoh Indian Tribe
(previously listed as Hoh Indian Tribe of the Hoh Indian Reservation, Washington)
Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe
(previously listed as Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe of Washington)
Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation
Lower Elwha Tribal Community
(previously listed as Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation, Washington)
Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation
Makah Indian Tribe of the Makah Indian Reservation
Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
(previously listed as Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation, Washington)
Nisqually Indian Tribe
(previously listed as Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington)
Nooksack Indian Tribe
(previously listed as Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington)
Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe
(previously listed as Port Gamble Band of S'Klallam Indians; Port Gamble Indian Community of the Port Gamble Reservation, Washington)
Puyallup Tribe of the Puyallup Reservation
(previously listed as Puyallup Tribe of the Puyallup Reservation, Washington)
Quileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation
(previously listed as Quileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation, Washington)
Quinault Indian Nation
(previously listed as Quinault Tribe of the Quinault Reservation, Washington)
Samish Indian Nation
(previously listed as Samish Indian Tribe, Washington)
Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington
Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation
(previously listed as Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington)
Skokomish Indian Tribe of the Skokomish Reservation, Washington
Snoqualmie Indian Tribe
(previously listed as Snoqualmie Tribe, Washington)
Spokane Tribe of the Spokane Reservation
Squaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation
(previously listed as Squaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation, Washington)
Stillaguamish Tribe of Washington
Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington
Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington
Tulalip Tribes of Washington
(previously listed as Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation, Washington)
Upper Skagit Indian Tribe
(previously listed as Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington)

West Virginia

No federally recognized tribes

Wisconsin

Multiple states:

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (also in Minnesota)
(previously listed as Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)
Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota
- Fond du Lac Band (also in Wisconsin)

Wyoming

References

^ ^a ^b "Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States". Frequently Asked Questions. Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
^ Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. (January 8, 2024). "Notice Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 89 (944): 944–48. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
^ Sheffield (1998) p. 56
^ Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015
^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
^ Hilleary, Cecily (January 31, 2018). "US Recognizes 6 Virginia Native American Tribes". Voice of America. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
^ "American Indian Removal". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
^ "Shawnee Nation Case Study". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
^ "Resighini Rancheria Becomes Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People, Honoring Ancestral Lands and Cultural Heritage". Native News Online. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 87 (FR 2112): 2112–16. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
^ https://news.wttw.com/2024/04/19/illinois-now-home-federally-recognized-tribal-land-after-prairie-band-potawatomi-nation ^{[bare URL]}
^ https://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/prairie-band-potawatomi-becomes-1st-federally-recognized-tribe-in-illinois/
^ McLaughlin, Kathleen (21 Dec 2019). "A big moment finally comes for the Little Shell: Federal recognition of their tribe". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
^ "State of the Tribe Fiscal Year 2021" (PDF). Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". 28 January 2022.
^ Federal Registrar, July 23, 2018: p. 34865

[faq-1] "Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States". Frequently Asked Questions. Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

[loc.gov-2] Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. (January 8, 2024). "Notice Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 89 (944): 944–48. Retrieved February 5, 2024.

[bia.gov-3] Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine

[4] Sheffield (1998) p. 56

[5] Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015

[6] Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine

[7] Hilleary, Cecily (January 31, 2018). "US Recognizes 6 Virginia Native American Tribes". Voice of America. Retrieved May 24, 2021.

[8] "American Indian Removal". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

[9] "Shawnee Nation Case Study". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

[10] "Resighini Rancheria Becomes Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People, Honoring Ancestral Lands and Cultural Heritage". Native News Online. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.

[fr2023-11] "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 87 (FR 2112): 2112–16. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

[12] ttps://news.wttw.com/2024/04/19/illinois-now-home-federally-recognized-tribal-land-after-prairie-band-potawatomi-nation ^{[bare URL]}

[13] ttps://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/prairie-band-potawatomi-becomes-1st-federally-recognized-tribe-in-illinois/

[14] McLaughlin, Kathleen (21 Dec 2019). "A big moment finally comes for the Little Shell: Federal recognition of their tribe". Retrieved 21 December 2019.

[15] "State of the Tribe Fiscal Year 2021" (PDF). Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved 20 December 2020.

[16] "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". 28 January 2022.

[p34865-17] Federal Registrar, July 23, 2018: p. 34865

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Category Portal

Description

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

See also

References