Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 1,080 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| United States California) | |
| Languages | |
| English, Pomo, Miwok language | |
| Religion | |
| Roundhouse religion, Christianity, Kuksu | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Miwok and Pomo people |
The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria,[1] formerly known as the Federated Coast Miwok, is a federally recognized American Indian tribe of Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo Indians.[2] The tribe was officially restored to federal recognition in 2000 by the U.S. government pursuant to the Graton Rancheria Restoration Act.[3][4]
Early history
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2022) |
Prior to European contact, the residents of Marin and Sonoma Counties were bands of Native Californians belonging to two linguistic and cultural groups: the Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo, living in close proximity to each other and indigenous to Marin and southern Sonoma Counties in Northern California.[5] Occupied at various times during more than thirty centuries, over 600 village sites have been identified in the Coast Miwok territory, stretching from Bodega Bay to the north, eastward beyond the towns of Cotati and Sonoma, and along the Point Reyes National Seashore and the shores of Tomales Bay.[citation needed]
The year 1579 was the earliest recorded account made by the Europeans of the Coast Miwok people on the coast of Marin in the Point Reyes area, as documented in a diary by Chaplain Fletcher who was aboard Sir Francis Drake's ship.[6] In 1595, The Coast Miwok came into contact with the crew of the San Agustin, a Manila Galleon, captained by Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho and crewed by Filipino mariners.[7] During the Mission Period of 1779–1823, Mission San Francisco de Asís (also called "Mission Dolores"), Mission San Rafael Arcángel and Mission San Francisco Solano used Indians, including the Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo people, as a key source of labor.[citation needed]
As early as 1830, a Filipino named Domingo Felix married a Coast Miwok woman named Euphrasia Valencia, and they started a family who later settled in Lairds Landing in 1861.[8][9] The family who descended from this multiracial couple remained there until 1955.[8] Some of the Coast Miwok trace their lineage to this couple.[10]
The territorial lands of the Southern Pomo are in Sonoma County, south of the Russian River to the southern Santa Rosa area.[citation needed] The Southern Pomo were the first inhabitants of what is now the town of Sebastopol, with several smaller traditional Southern Pomo villages located southeast of Sebastopol along the Laguna de Santa Rosa.[citation needed] California anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber stated:
- Batiklechawi, at Sebastapol at the head of the slough known as Laguna de Santa Rosa, was an important town, and therefore presumably the headquarters of a division [of the Southern Pomo]. Another group tentatively may be inferred as having occupied the bulk of the shores of the laguna.[11]
Recent history
[edit]Most of the Coast Miwok continued to live in their traditional lands through the 20th century. They worked in sawmills, as agricultural laborers, and fished to supplement their incomes.[citation needed]
The Graton Rancheria was a 15-acre (61,000 m2) Indian rancheria near Sebastopol in Sonoma County. The rancheria was established for Coast Miwok, Southern Pomo, and other Indians living in the region. In 1920, when Indians began to settle the land, they discovered that all but three acres (12,000 m2) were inhospitable.
The US government terminated the trust agreement (federal recognition) of the Graton Rancheria in 1958. Gloria Armstrong (Miwok) privately owned a 1-acre (4,000 m2) lot of the previous rancheria.[12] In 1992, the tribe initiated the procedure to regain federal recognition.[13] Recognition was achieved on December 27, 2000 through the Graton Rancheria Restoration Act passed by the U.S. Congress.[14] On April 18, 2008, the tribe acquired 254 acres (1.03 km2) of land.[15]
Since 2007, the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria has collaborated with Occidental Arts and Ecology in Occidental, California to create workshops called Tradition Environmental Knowledge on organic farming, herbology, native plant restoration, and ethnobotany.[16]
Government
[edit]The tribe has approximately 1,438 members (1,438 as of October 1, 2019). The tribe's government offices are located in Rohnert Park, California. Tribal governmental programs and services include sacred sites preservation and protection, Indian housing, Indian education, membership, cultural arts, social services, and tribal health.[17]
The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria are governed by a seven-member Tribal Council who are elected to two-year terms by the adult tribal membership. The current administration includes:
- Tribal Chairman: Greg Sarris
- Vice-Chair: Patricia Miraz
- Treasurer: Joan Harper
- Secretary: Melissa Elgin
- Councilmember: Robert Stafford
- Councilmember: Lawrence Stafford
- Councilmember: Matthew Johnson.[18]
Notable tribal members
[edit]- Julia F. Parker, b. 1928, master basket weaver
- Greg Sarris, b. 1952, professor and author
See also
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Kroeber, Alfred L. Handbook of the Indians of California, Volume 1. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2006 (Reprint). ISBN 978-1-4286-4492-2.
- Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
References
[edit]- ^ Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria Archived 2015-03-18 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 6 Jan 2010)
- ^ Federal Register Notice at 74 FR 40219, dated August 11, 2009 [permanent dead link]
- ^ Pub. L. No. 106-568, Title XIV (114 Stat. 2939), 25 U.S.C. § 1300n et. seq. (2000)
- ^ Search Results – THOMAS (Library of Congress)
- ^ Schneider, Tsim D. (2021). The Archaeology of Refuge and Recourse: Coast Miwok Resilience and Indigenous Hinterlands in Colonial California. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816542536.
- ^ Fletcher, Francis (1637). "The world encompassed by Sir Francis Drake, being his next voyage to that to Nombre de Dios formerly imprinted; carefully collected out of the notes of Master Francis Fletcher, preacher in this imployment, and diuers others his followers in the same; offered now at last to publique view ..." Sir Francis Drake. pp. 77–91. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ Rodis, Rodel (26 October 2013). "The Second Coming of Filipinos to America". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ a b Curwen, Thomas (2016-04-18). "Reminders of a bohemian artist's past will soon fade at Laird's Landing". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
So far as the written record showed, Domingo Felix and Euphrasia Valencia were the first residents of Laird's. He was Filipino, and she, Coast Miwok. They moved here in 1861, a significant step for a family long displaced from ancestral lands by the Spanish, Mexicans and Americans.
- ^ Sobredo, James (July 1999). "Filipino Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area, Stockton, and Seattle". Asian American Studies. California State University, Sacramento. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
- ^ Alfred A. Yuson (6 May 2002). "Fil-Am memoirs: A multicolored fabric". Philippine Star. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
The Filipino experience in California is a multiracial one, which has its roots in the 1830 marriage of a Filipino named Domingo Felix and his wife Euphrasia, a Coast Miwok. They were married in Point Reyes and settled at Laird's Landing. Today nearly all the Coast Miwoks are part Filipino...
- ^ Kroeber, 233
- ^ "California Indians and Their Reservations." Archived 2010-09-26 at the Wayback Machine San Diego State University Library and Information Access. (retrieved 6 Jan 2010)
- ^ Pritzker, 134
- ^ "Omnibus Indian Advancement Act." Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Public Law 106-568, 106th Congress. Page 2867. (retrieved 6 Jan 2009)
- ^ "Land Acquisitions; Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, California." Federal Register (Volume 73, Number 89). 7 May 2008 (retrieved 6 Jan 2009)
- ^ "Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria." Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine Occidental Arts and Ecology. 2009 (retrieved 12 May 2011)
- ^ "Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria". Archived from the original on 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ "Tribal Council." Archived 2014-01-16 at the Wayback Machine Federated Indians of the Graton Rancheria. (retrieved 6 January 2010)