List of mammals of Ukraine
There are eighty-five mammal species in Ukraine, of which two are critically endangered, two are endangered, thirteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. One of the species listed for Ukraine can no longer be found in the wild.[1] The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC[2]
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Bobak marmot, M. bobak LC
- Genus: Spermophilus
- European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus VU
- Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus LC
- Speckled ground squirrel, Spermophilus suslicus VU
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[3]
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT[4]
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LC
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Genus: Stylodipus
- Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum LC
- Genus: Stylodipus
- Subfamily: Sicistinae
- Genus: Sicista
- Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina LC
- Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis LC
- Genus: Sicista
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Genus: Spalax
- Sandy mole rat, Spalax arenarius VU
- Bukovin mole rat, Spalax graecus VU
- Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus VU
- Podolsk mole rat, Spalax zemni LC
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon VU
- Genus: Spalax
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- European water vole, A. amphibius LC[5]
- Genus: Chionomys
- Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
- Genus: Ellobius
- Northern mole vole, Ellobius talpinus LC
- Genus: Lagurus
- Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
- Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
- Southern vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis LC
- Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
- European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
- Tatra vole, Microtus tatricus LC
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
- Yellow-breasted field mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus LC
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
- Genus: Mus
- Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
[edit]The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- European hare, L. europaeus LC[6]
- Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[7]
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
[edit]The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Southern white-breasted hedgehog, E. concolor LC
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
[edit]The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[8]
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Common shrew, S. araneus LC
- Laxmann's shrew, S. caecutiens LC
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
- Caucasian pygmy shrew, S. volnuchini LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Desmanini
- Genus: Desmana
- Russian desman, D. moschata VU
- Genus: Desmana
- Tribe: Desmanini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
[edit]The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT[9]
- Pond bat, M. dasycneme NT[10]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[11]
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC[12]
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC[13]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[14]
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC[15]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT[16]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[17]
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC[18]
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC[19]
- Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT[20]
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC[21]
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[22]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[23]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
- Genus: Tursiops
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- European wildcat, F. silvestris LC[24]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[25]
- Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[26]
- Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
- Genus: Vulpes
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[28]
- Eurasian brown bear, U. a. arctos
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[28]
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[29]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC[30]
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles LC[31]
- Genus: Mustela
- Steppe polecat, M. eversmannii LC[32]
- European mink, M. lutreola CR[33]
- Stoat, M. erminea LC[34]
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[35]
- European polecat, M. putorius LC[36]
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison LC introduced[37]
- Genus: Vormela
- Marbled polecat, V. peregusna VU[38]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
[edit]The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
- Genus: Equus
- Wild horse, E. ferus EN reintroduced
- Przewalski's horse, E. f. przewalskii EN reintroduced[39][40][41][42]
- Onager, E. hemionus NT reintroduced
- Turkmenian kulan, E. h. kulan EN reintroduced
- Wild horse, E. ferus EN reintroduced
- Genus: Equus
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
[edit]The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- Genus: Bison
- European bison, B. bonasus NT reintroduced[43]
- Carpathian wisent, B. b. hungarorum EX
- European bison, B. bonasus NT reintroduced[43]
- Genus: Bison
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red deer, C. elaphus LC
- Crimean red deer, C. e. brauneri
- Red deer, C. elaphus LC
- Genus: Dama
- European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced[46]
- Genus: Cervus
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
Locally extinct
[edit]- Siberian roe deer, Capreolus pygargus[48]
- Common bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii[49]
- Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus[50]
- Saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica[51]
- Tiger, Panthera tigris vagrant[52]
See also
[edit]- Fauna of Ukraine
- List of chordate orders
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Lists of mammals by region
- Mammal classification
- List of mammals described in the 2000s
References
[edit]- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
- ^ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
- ^ Bertolino, S.; Amori, G.; Henttonen, H.; Zagorodnyuk, I.; Zima, J.; Juškaitis, R.; Meinig, H. & Kryštufek, B. (2008). "Eliomys quercinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T7618A12835766.
- ^ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G.; Bukhnikashvili, A.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2149A115060819.
- ^ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
- ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
- ^ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
- ^ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M.; Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Pipistrellus kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T17314A22132946.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
- ^ Gazaryan, S. & Godlevska, L. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus austriacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85533333A195862345.
- ^ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
- ^ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F.; Krofel, M. (2020) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A163507876. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T118264161A163507876.en. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
- ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
- ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
- ^ Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov A. V. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela eversmanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29679A45203762.
- ^ Maran, T.; Aulagnier, S.; Libois, R.; Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. (2010). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14018A4381596.
- ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
- ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- ^ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41658A45214384.
- ^ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M. & Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
- ^ "The Last Truly Wild Horses Are Alive and Well in Chernobyl". Popular Mechanics. October 17, 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Завезені з Монголії коні Пржевальського прижилися у зоні відчуження ЧАЕС". zora-irpin.info (in Ukrainian). 19 February 2020.
- ^ Wendle, John (18 April 2016). "Animals Rule Chernobyl 30 Years After Nuclear Disaster". National Geographic. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "Fresh research shows how horse domestication helped shape humanity". Horsetalk. May 10, 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ Plumb, G.; Kowalczyk, R. & Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. (2020). "Bison bonasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2814A45156279.
- ^ Hundertmark, K. (2016). "Alces alces". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T56003281A22157381.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
- ^ Masseti, M.; Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T42188A10656554. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Lorenzini, R. (2016). "Capreolus pygargus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42396A22161884.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A195856522.
- ^ Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2018). "Saiga tatarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T19832A50194357.
- ^ Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A. (2022). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T15955A214862019.
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External links
[edit]- "Animal Diversity Web: Mammalia". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2014. Retrieved 21 March 2016.