List of leaders of Kyrgyzstan

The president, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen."

The office of president was established in 1990 replacing the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet that existed, in different forms, from 1936 whilst the country was known as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1919, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created in Soviet Russia. This was the precursor to the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (commonly known as Kirghizia) which was established in 1936 as republic in its own right within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

With the Soviet Union came electricity, water, irrigation, industrialization and literacy to Kyrgyzstan, and the other Soviet Central Asian countries. Scholars such as Alec Nove and J.A. Newth have argued that most development indicators suggests that the Soviet Muslim countries far-exceeded those Muslim countries outside the Soviet sphere of influence. The administrative, political and economic system was revolutionary by Kyrgiz standards, however, numerical indicators of development only partially supports this view, with one claiming that 63.2% of Kyrgyzstan's population still lived in rural areas. This was, however, the highest of any country in Central Asia. The country's higher urbanization rate is in large part because of its large Russian population, with most Europeans living in urban areas. Russian immigration slowed in 1959, the same year the national birth rate increased. However, the indigenous population had for the most part been untouched by Sovietization, an example being that religion was still widespread.

In spite of intense efforts to create socialism from "scratch", the social institutions led to infiltrations by religious, tribal and communal group into the political system. After the death of Joseph Stalin, the level of repression declined and less surveillance from the KGB and Moscow led to an increase in the importance of tribes in communal affairs.

Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1924–1925) and Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1925–1926)

Holders		Took office	Left office	Nationality
First Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party
	M.D. Kamensky	1924	1925	Russian
	Nikolay Uzyukov	1925	1926	Russian

Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1926–1936)

Heads of government

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
	Yusup Abdrakhmanov	March 12, 1927	September 27, 1933
	Bayaly Isakeyev	September 27, 1933	December 5, 1936

Heads of party

Holders		Took office	Left office	Nationality
First Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party
	Nikolay Uzyukov	1926	1927	Russian
	Vladimir Shubrikov	1927	1929	Russian
	Mikhail Kulkov	1929	1930	Russian
	Aleksandr Shakhray	1930	1934	Russian
	Moris Belotsky	1934	December 5, 1936	Jewish

Heads of state

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
	Abdukadyr Urazbekov	March 12, 1927	December 5, 1936

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)

Heads of government

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
	Bayaly Isakeyev	December 5, 1936	September 8, 1937
	Murat Salikhov	September 8, 1937	February 15, 1938
	Ismail Abuzyarov	February 15, 1938	April 27, 1938
	Ivan Rebrov	April 27, 1938	July 19, 1938
	Turabay Kulatov	July 19, 1938	November 14, 1945
	Iskhak Razzakov	November 14, 1945	July 10, 1950
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
	Abdy Suyerkulov	July 10, 1950	March 6, 1958
	Kazy Dikambayev	March 6, 1958	May 10, 1961
	Bolot Mambetov	May 16, 1961	January 23, 1968
	Akhmatbek Suyumbayev	January 23, 1968	December 22, 1978
	Sultan Ibraimov	December 22, 1978	December 4, 1980
	Pyotr Khodos	December 4, 1980	January 21, 1981
	Arstanbek Duysheyev	January 21, 1981	May 20, 1986
	Apas Jumagulov	May 20, 1986	21 Jan 1991

Heads of party

Holders		Took office	Left office	Nationality
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
	Moris Belotsky	December 5, 1936	March 1937	Jewish
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia
	Maksim Ammosov	April 23, 1937	February 20, 1938	Russian
	Aleksey Vagov	February 20, 1938	July 1945	Russian
	Nikolay Bogolyubov	July 1945	July 7, 1950	Kyrgyz
	Iskhak Razzakov	July 7, 1950	May 9, 1961	Kyrgyz
	Turdakun Usubaliyev	May 9, 1961	November 2, 1985	Kyrgyz
	Absamat Masaliyev	November 2, 1985	April 6, 1991	Kyrgyz
	Jumgalbek Amanbayev	April 6, 1991	August 29, 1991	Kyrgyz

Heads of state

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
	Abdukadyr Urazbekov	1936	September 16, 1937
	Mikhail Us	September 16, 1937	October 4, 1937
	Maryam Tugambayeva	September 16, 1937	October 4, 1937
	Sultankul Shamurzin	October 4, 1937	December 16, 1937
	Ivan Sokolov	December 16, 1937	February 15, 1938
	Murat Salikhov	February 15, 1938	May 15, 1938
	Kalima Amankulova	May 15, 1938	July 18, 1938
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
	I.P. Boryak	July 18, 1938	July 19, 1938
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
	Asanaly Tolubayev	July 18, 1938	March 22, 1943
	Moldogazy Tokobayev	March 22, 1943	November 14, 1945
	Turabay Kulatov	November 14, 1945	August 25, 1978
	Sultan Ibraimov	August 25, 1978	December 22, 1978
	Andrey Buss	December 22, 1978	January 10, 1979
	Arstanbek Duysheyev	January 10, 1979	January 14, 1981
	Temirbek Koshoyev	January 14, 1981	August 8, 1987
	Tashtanbek Akmatov	August 8, 1987	April 10, 1990
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
	Absamat Masaliyev	April 10, 1990	October 27, 1990
President of Kyrgyzstan
	Askar Akayev	October 27, 1990	December 25, 1991

List of presidents of Kyrgyzstan

The first column consecutively numbers the individuals who have served as president, while the second column consecutively numbers the presidential terms or administrations.

No	Name (Birth–Death)	Picture	Took office	Left office	Elected	Political party
1	Askar Akayev (1944–)		27 October 1990	30 December 1995	1990/91	Independent
			30 December 1995	9 December 2000	1995
			9 December 2000	24 March 2005 (ousted)	2000
–	Ishenbai Kadyrbekov (1949–)		24 March 2005	25 March 2005		Independent
–	Kurmanbek Bakiyev (1949–)		25 March 2005	14 August 2005		Independent
2			14 August 2005	15 October 2007	2005	People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan
			15 October 2007	2 August 2009		Ak Jol
			2 August 2009	7 April 2010 (ousted)	2009
–	Roza Otunbayeva (1950–)		7 April 2010	3 July 2010		Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan
3			3 July 2010	1 December 2011
4	Almazbek Atambayev (1956–)		1 December 2011	24 November 2017	2011	Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan
5	Sooronbay Jeenbekov (1958–)		24 November 2017	15 October 2020 (ousted)	2017	Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan
–	Sadyr Japarov (1968–)		16 October 2020	14 November 2020		Mekenchil
–	Talant Mamytov (1976–)		14 November 2020	27 January 2021		Kyrgyzstan
6	Sadyr Japarov (1968–)		28 January 2021	Incumbent	2021	Mekenchil

See also

• President of Kyrgyzstan
• Vice President of Kyrgyzstan
• Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan

References

Bibliography

• Collins, Kathleens (2006). Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 376. ISBN 0-521-83950-5.

External links

• Republics of the Soviet Union