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List of gentlemen's clubs in the United States

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The Yale Club of New York City, founded in 1897, the world's largest gentlemen's club

The following is a list of notable traditional gentlemen's clubs in the United States, including those that are now defunct. Historically, these clubs were exclusively for men,[1] but most (though not all) now admit women.

On exclusivity and assimilation into the upper class

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Christopher Doob explains in his book Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society:

The most exclusive social clubs are in the oldest cities – Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. Others, which are well respected, have developed in such major cities as Pittsburgh, Chicago, and San Francisco. The most exclusive social clubs are two in New York City – the Links and the Knickerbocker (Allen 1987, 25).[2] Personal wealth has never been the sole basis for attaining membership in exclusive clubs. The individual and family must meet the admissions committee's standards for values and behavior. Old money prevails over new money as the Rockefeller family experience suggests. John D. Rockefeller, the family founder and the nation's first billionaire, joined the Union League Club, a fairly respectable but not top-level club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., belonged to the University Club, a step up from his father; and finally his son John D. Rockefeller, III, reached the pinnacle with his acceptance into the Knickerbocker Club (Baltzell 1989, 340).[2]

E. Digby Baltzell, sociologist of the WASP establishment, explains in his book Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class:

The circulation of elites in America and the assimilation of new men of power and influence into the upper class takes place primarily through the medium of urban clubdom. Aristocracy of birth is replaced by an aristocracy of ballot. Frederick Lewis Allen showed how this process operated in the case of the nine “Lords of Creation” who were listed in the New York Social Register as of 1905: ‘The nine men who were listed [in the Social Register] were recorded as belonging to 9.4 clubs apiece,’ wrote Allen. ‘Though only two of them, J. P. Morgan and Cornelius Vanderbilt III, belonged to the Knickerbocker Club, the citadel of Patrician families (indeed, both already belonged to old prominent families at the time), Stillman and Harriman joined these two in the membership of the almost equally fashionable Union Club; Baker joined these four in the membership of the Metropolitan Club of New York (magnificent, but easier of access to new wealth); John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, and Rogers, along with Morgan and Baker were listed as members of the Union League Club (the stronghold of Republican respectability); seven of the group belonged to the New York Yacht Club. Morgan belonged to nineteen clubs in all; Vanderbilt, to fifteen; Harriman, to fourteen.’ Allen then goes on to show how the descendants of these financial giants were assimilated into the upper class: ‘By way of footnote, it may be added that although in that year [1905] only two of our ten financiers belonged to the Knickerbocker Club, in 1933 the grandsons of six of them did. The following progress is characteristic: John D. Rockefeller, Union League Club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., University Club; John D. Rockefeller 3rd, Knickerbocker Club. Thus is the American aristocracy recruited.'[3]

History

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The traditional gentlemen's club originated in London (in particular the St James's area) in the 18th century as a successor to coffeehouses.[1] These clubs also continue to operate in the United States. The five oldest existing American clubs are the South River Club in South River, Maryland (c.1690/1700), the Schuylkill Fishing Company in Andalusia, Pennsylvania (1732), the Old Colony Club in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1769), the Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia (1834), and the Union Club of the City of New York in New York City (1836).[1] The Boston Club, of New Orleans, named after the card game and not the city, is the oldest southern club, founded in 1841.[4] The five oldest existing clubs west of the Mississippi River are the Pacific Club in Honolulu (1851), the Pacific-Union Club (1852), Olympic Club (1860), and Concordia-Argonaut Club (1864), all in San Francisco, and the Arlington Club in Portland, Oregon (1867).

Present day

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While most major American cities today have at least one gentlemen's club, they are most prevalent in older cities, especially those on the East Coast.[1] As detailed below, only thirteen American cities have five or more such clubs: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. Also as detailed below, New York City contains more than any other American city, including the Yale Club of New York City, the largest traditional gentlemen's club in the world.[5] Throughout the country, though, many clubs have reciprocal relationships with the older clubs in London, with each other, and with other gentlemen's clubs around the world.

A few American gentlemen's clubs maintain separate "city" and "country" clubhouses, essentially functioning as both a traditional gentlemen's club in one location and a country club in another: the Piedmont Driving Club in Atlanta, the Wisconsin Club in Milwaukee,[6] the New York Athletic Club in New York City, the Union League of Philadelphia, the Missouri Athletic Club in St. Louis, and the Olympic Club in San Francisco. Similarly, the Jonathan Club in Los Angeles functions as a traditional gentlemen's club in one location and a beach club in another.

Because the term "gentlemen's club" is commonly used in the United States to refer euphemistically to strip clubs, traditional gentlemen's clubs often are referred to as "men's clubs" or "city clubs" (as opposed to country clubs) or simply as "private social clubs" or just "private clubs". For other meanings and nuances of the word "club", see club.

Clubs currently operating

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Alabama

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Alaska

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Arizona

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  • The University Club of Arizona State University
    The University Club of Arizona State University

Arkansas

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California

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  • San Jose
    • The Metropolitan University Club (1936–1990), created from merger of previous Metropolitan Social & Athletic Club (1936) and University Club of San Jose (1957), insolvent[57]
    • The Sainte Claire Club (1895)[57][58]
    • The Silicon Valley Athletic Club (1981), until 2012 called the San Jose Athletic Club[57][59]
  • The Sainte Claire Club
    The Sainte Claire Club
  • The University Club of Santa Barbara
    The University Club of Santa Barbara

Colorado

[edit]

Connecticut

[edit]

Delaware

[edit]
  • Wilmington
    • The Wilmington Club (1855)[89]
    • The University Club of Wilmington (1924–1958), merged with the Wilmington Whist Club to become the University and Whist Club[89]
    • The University and Whist Club (1891)[89][90]
  • The Wilmington Club
    The Wilmington Club

District of Columbia

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Florida

[edit]

Georgia

[edit]
  • The Oglethorpe Club
    The Oglethorpe Club

Hawaii

[edit]

Idaho

[edit]

Illinois

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Indiana

[edit]
  • New Albany
    • The Calumet Club (1919–1932), ceased existence but held reunions up until 1975[168]
  • South Bend
    • The Summit Club (1967–2012), insolvent[169]

Iowa

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  • Des Moines
    • The Des Moines Club (1909–2002), merged with the Embassy Club to become the Des Moines Embassy Club[172]
    • The Des Moines Embassy Club (1909), formed in 2002 from the merger of the Embassy Club and Des Moines Club[172][173]
    • The Embassy Club (1946–2002), merged with the Des Moines Club to become the Des Moines Embassy Club[172]
  • Iowa City
    • The University Club of Iowa City (1917–2018)[174][175]

Kansas

[edit]

Kentucky

[edit]
  • Owensboro
    • The Campbell Club (1959) – Permanently closed on December 21, 2018 [193]
  • The Campbell Club
    The Campbell Club

Louisiana

[edit]
  • The City Club of Baton Rouge
    The City Club of Baton Rouge
  • The Boston Club
    The Boston Club
  • The Chess, Checkers, & Whist Club (1883–1932)
    The Chess, Checkers, & Whist Club (1883–1932)
  • The Harmony Club (1896–1930)
    The Harmony Club (1896–1930)
  • Shreveport
    • The Cambridge Club (1982–2009), insolvent[213]
    • The Petroleum Club of Shreveport (1948)[214][215]
    • The Shreveport Club (1946)[213][216]
    • The University Club of Shreveport (1979–2011), insolvent[213]

Maine

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Maryland

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

[edit]

Minnesota

[edit]
  • The Kitchi Gammi Club
    The Kitchi Gammi Club
  • The now-defunct St. Paul Athletic Club
    The now-defunct St. Paul Athletic Club

Mississippi

[edit]

Missouri

[edit]
  • The Whittemore House Club
    The Whittemore House Club
  • The Benton Club
    The Benton Club
  • The Missouri Athletic Club
    The Missouri Athletic Club
  • The Racquet Club of St. Louis
    The Racquet Club of St. Louis
  • The St. Louis Club (1899–1925)
    The St. Louis Club (1899–1925)
  • The University Club of St. Louis (1917–1974)
    The University Club of St. Louis (1917–1974)

Montana

[edit]
The Montana Club's 1905 building

Nebraska

[edit]

New Hampshire

[edit]

New Jersey

[edit]

New Mexico

[edit]

New York

[edit]

North Carolina

[edit]
  • Charlotte
    • The Charlotte Athletic Club (1968–1991), merged into the Tower Club[376]
    • The Charlotte City Club (1947)[377][378]
    • The Tower Club (1984–2004), merged into the Charlotte City Club[379]
  • Durham
    • The University Club of North Carolina (1987)[380]
  • Gastonia
    • The City Club of Gastonia (1985–2012), insolvent[381]
  • Greensboro
    • The Greensboro City Club (1971–2005), insolvent[382]
  • Hickory
    • The Hickory Sportsman's Club (1985–2019), insolvent[383]
  • High Point
  • Raleigh
    • The Capital City Club (1979–2009), merged with the Cardinal Club to become the Downtown Clubs of Raleigh[386]
    • The Cardinal Club (1979–2009), merged with the Capital City Club to become the Downtown Clubs of Raleigh[386]
    • The Downtown Clubs of Raleigh (1979)[386][387]
  • Wilmington
  • Winston-Salem
    • The Piedmont Club (1986)[391][392]
    • The Twin City Club (1885–2010), insolvent[392]

Ohio

[edit]
  • The Toledo Club
    The Toledo Club

Oklahoma

[edit]

Oregon

[edit]

Pennsylvania

[edit]
  • The University Club of State College
    The University Club of State College

Rhode Island

[edit]

South Carolina

[edit]

Tennessee

[edit]

Texas

[edit]
  • The Fort Worth Club
    The Fort Worth Club

Utah

[edit]

Vermont

[edit]

Virginia

[edit]

Washington

[edit]
  • The Spokane Club
    The Spokane Club

Wisconsin

[edit]
  • The Madison Club
    The Madison Club

Closed clubs

[edit]

Alabama

[edit]
  • Birmingham
    • The Birmingham Athletic Club (1886–1926)[598]
    • The Birmingham Athletic Club (1999–2009)[599]
    • The Southern Club (1883–1931), insolvent[600]
  • Mobile
    • The Bienville Club (1967–2013)[601]
    • The International Trade Club (1966–2009)[602]

Arizona

[edit]

California

[edit]

Wyoming

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Thévoz, Seth Alexander (2022). Behind Closed Doors: The Secret Life of London Private Members' Clubs. London: Robinson/Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-47214-646-5.
  • "Club men of New York: their occupations, and business and home addresses", New York : The Republic press [etc.], 1893. Cf. starting at p. 39.
  • Seth Alexander Thévoz, Global Clubs Directory

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Whitaker's Almanack 2008. A&C Black. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7136-8554-1.
  2. ^ a b Doob, Christopher (Aug 27, 2015). Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society. Routledge. ISBN 9781317344216.
  3. ^ Digby Baltzell, E. (Dec 31, 2011). Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412830751.
  4. ^ "ArchivesSpace Public Interface | Archives and Special Collections at Tulane University".
  5. ^ a b "Yale Club of New York". www.yaleclubnyc.org.
  6. ^ a b Tom Daykin, "Brynwood joins Wisconsin Club: Private clubs will share name, facilities purchase is possible," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Oct. 20, 2009)
  7. ^ "The Club (Birmingham) (official site)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-05.
  8. ^ Hannah Wolfson, "Conflict over changes continues at The Club," Birmingham News (Jan. 25, 2008)
  9. ^ "Phoenix Club – Bhamwiki". www.bhamwiki.com.
  10. ^ "The Athelstan Club". Archived from the original on 2017-10-28. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
  11. ^ "The University Club". The University Club.
  12. ^ "Home". Tuscaloosa Paranormal Research Group.
  13. ^ Petroleum Club of Anchorage (official site) Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Dermot Cole, "North to the Future: The Alaska Story 1959–2009" (Epicenter: 2008)
  15. ^ a b "Andrew Johnson, "Arizona Club may close its facilities at the top of Chase Tower", Arizona Republic (Aug. 25, 2009)".
  16. ^ "Home – University Club of Phoenix". universityclubphoenix.com.
  17. ^ "University Club | Arizona State University". cfo.asu.edu.
  18. ^ City of Tempe Historic Preservation, "Administration/Science Building (University Club)" (Retrieved June 19, 2013) Archived June 24, 2013, at archive.today
  19. ^ "Mountain Oyster Club | Tucson AZ Premier Southwestern Club". Southwestern Art, Dining & Events - Members Only | Mountain Oyster Club.
  20. ^ Richard Ducote, "Downtown Institution Moves East," Arizona Daily Star (May 14, 2003)
  21. ^ Little Rock Club (official site)
  22. ^ David Margolick, "Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock" (Yale: 2011)
  23. ^ "Petroleum Club".
  24. ^ James Burger, "Bakersfield, Calif., Petroleum Club to Move Location," Bakersfield Californian (Aug. 14, 2002)
  25. ^ "Home – The Faculty Club at UC Berkeley". BerkeleyFacultyClub.com.
  26. ^ "NPS #82004641: Approved NRHP nomination of the Berkeley Faculty Club," Nps.gov (retrieved June 19, 2013)
  27. ^ "Lb-Petroleum-Club – I Save My Money When I Play Slots?".
  28. ^ "Iconic Petroleum Club honored," Long Beach Press-Telegram (July 7, 2008)
  29. ^ "Pacheco Club Monterey – Home". pachecoclub.com.
  30. ^ Christine Delsol, "Citrus tints fall colors in Fresno County," San Francisco Chronicle (Nov. 26, 2006)
  31. ^ "Home – The Pacific Club CA". www.pacificclub.org.
  32. ^ "Archives". Los Angeles Times.
  33. ^ "Welcome to Fiddler's Restaurant - Steinhatchee, FL". SBOBET. Archived from the original on 2006-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  34. ^ "Bellevue Club marks 80 years," Alameda Times-Star (Feb. 26, 2009)
  35. ^ Debra Levi Holtz, "Oakland City Club Going, Going ... Closure, Auction Attest to Changing Society," San Francisco Chronicle (Aug. 24, 2000)
  36. ^ "Home – The Stanford Faculty Club". facultyclub.stanford.edu.
  37. ^ Nancy Rue, "Pascal's Wager" (Random House: 2011)
  38. ^ "Home – University Club – Palo Alto". www.ucpaloalto.com.
  39. ^ John Reid, "Maddy," Palo Alto Daily News (May 20, 2011)
  40. ^ Janette Williams, "The end of an era," Pasadena Star-News (Mar. 9, 2007)
  41. ^ "Home – University Club of Pasadena". www.universityclubpasadena.com.
  42. ^ Jesse Katz, "Move to Admit Women Splits Claremont Club: Time Poaches on a Male Preserve," Los Angeles Times (Mar. 15, 1987)
  43. ^ "Home – The Sutter Club". www.sutterclub.org.
  44. ^ Allen Pierleoni, "Counter Culture: The exclusive Sutter Club," Sacramento Bee (Sept. 7, 2012) Archived 2012-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Faculty Staff Club – Home". www.facultystaffclub.com.
  46. ^ "Faculty Club Celebrates Staff with April Membership Promotion," States News Service (Mar. 27, 2012)
  47. ^ "University Club atop Symphony Towers | San Diego, CA | Invited". www.invitedclubs.com.
  48. ^ Roger Showley, "University Club: The ultimate in networking central," San Diego Union-Tribune (Feb. 23, 2011)
  49. ^ "Welcome - The French Club". frenchclub.org.
  50. ^ Lawrence Kinnaird, "History of the Greater San Francisco Bay Region" (Lewis Historical Publishing: 1966)
  51. ^ "Business Convention Venues & Meeting Space, Bay Area, CA | Event Planning Services, San Jose, CA". cityclubsf.com.
  52. ^ Rebecca Cook, "Posh City Clubs Loosen Their Ties to Stay Alive," Los Angeles Times (July 28, 2002)
  53. ^ Concordia-Argonaut Club (official site)
  54. ^ "S.F.'s Concordia Argonaut Club Board Urges Admitting Women," Los Angeles Times (June 17, 1987)
  55. ^ "Home – Villa Taverna – San Francisco, CA". villatavernasf.com.
  56. ^ Bigelow, Catherine (Sep 13, 2009). "Villa Taverna club celebrates 50 years". SFGATE.
  57. ^ a b c Dave O'Brian, "View from the Top: A Pricey, Private Club Aims to Make San Jose Silicon Valley's Capital," San Jose Mercury News (Nov. 12, 1990)
  58. ^ "Buena Vista Neighborhood Association, "San Jose: Then and Now", retrieved 08-17-2011". Archived from the original on 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  59. ^ Sal Pizarro, "'Man Jose' No More: Events Target Women" (July 29, 2012)
  60. ^ "Faculty Club (Santa Barbara)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  61. ^ "The wild, wondrous imagination of Charles W. Moore," Smithsonian (June 1, 1984)
  62. ^ "Home – Santa Barbara Club". www.santabarbaraclub.org.
  63. ^ "Santa Barbara Club".
  64. ^ a b "Elena Gray-Blanc, "Private, But Not Exclusive," Santa Barbara Independent (Apr. 12, 2008) (retrieved July 1, 2013)".
  65. ^ "Coming Soon". uclubofsantabarbara.org.
  66. ^ "Michael Fitzgerald, "Elegant Stockton men's club recalls another era," San Joaquin Record (June 23, 2010)".
  67. ^ "Leigh Johnsen, "The Yosemite Club Closes Its Doors," sanjoaquinhistory.org (Jan. 19, 2011) (retrieved July 1, 2013)". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  68. ^ "El Paso Club :: Home". elpasoclub.com.
  69. ^ Dave Philipps, "El Paso Club votes to deny women entry," Colorado Springs Gazette (July 11, 2011)
  70. ^ The Cactus Club, "100, the Cactus Club Centennial, 1911–2011" (Club Press 2011) men only; serving lunch daily
  71. ^ "The Denver Athletic Club | Top Ranked Athletic Club | Member-Owned – Denver Athletic Club". www.denverathleticclub.cc.
  72. ^ Henry Dubroff, "Prestigious Denver Club to Close," Denver Post (Mar. 14, 1995)
  73. ^ "Home". www.denverpetroleumclub.com. Archived from the original on 2013-04-04.
  74. ^ Howard Pankratz, "Petroleum Club eager to build on history," Denver Post (Sept. 10, 2007)
  75. ^ "Denver Press Club". Denver Press Club.
  76. ^ "Denver History Minute – The Denver Press Club". Aug 26, 2013 – via www.youtube.com.
  77. ^ "Home – University Club of Denver – Denver, CO". uclubdenver.com.
  78. ^ Gary Massaro, "University Club Opens to Women," Denver Rocky Mountain News (Dec. 21, 1990)
  79. ^ "Home – The Field Club Of Greenwich". www.fcofgreenwich.com.
  80. ^ Roger Bullard, "A Century at the Field Club of Greenwich: 1908–2008" (Capital Offset: 2008)
  81. ^ a b "Home – The Elm City Club – New Haven, CT". www.graduateclub.com.
  82. ^ "Two venerable New Haven social clubs merging". Hartford Business Journal.
  83. ^ a b "Q, Grad Clubs Merging; A New Power Lunch Era". New Haven Independent. Sep 19, 2012.
  84. ^ "Home – New Haven Lawn Club". nhlawnclub.com.
  85. ^ Quinnipiack Club (official site)
  86. ^ "Home Page". tomcatcafe.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  87. ^ Kathleen Edgecomb, "Thames Club carries on in style," Associated Press (Feb. 1, 2009)
  88. ^ "Hartford Club Reinventing Itself". Hartford Business Journal.
  89. ^ a b c Yearick, Bob (Dec 7, 2010). "Welcome to the Club".
  90. ^ "Home – University and Whist Club". www.universityandwhistclub.com.
  91. ^ "Home – The Army and Navy Club". www.armynavyclub.org.
  92. ^ "Home – The City Tavern Club – Washington, DC". www.citytavernclubdc.org.
  93. ^ "Web Page Error". www.georgetownclub.org. Archived from the original on 2012-05-18.
  94. ^ "George Town Club Leaders Recruit Young Professionals | The Georgetown Dish". www.thegeorgetowndish.com.
  95. ^ Glover, Charles C., III (1962) "A Brief History of the Metropolitan Club" Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C. vols 60-62 pp. 266–277
  96. ^ Kincaid, Janet (Mar 7, 2008). "D.C. Confidential: The University Club".
  97. ^ "Home – Sulgrave Club". www.sulgraveclub.org. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  98. ^ "Public Home – University Club of Washington DC". www.universityclubdc.com.
  99. ^ Carla Hall, "One for The Women: University Club Amends Membership Bylaws," Washington Post (June 21, 1984)
  100. ^ "From ladies' club to luxury apartments: The Washington Club bids Dupont Circle farewell". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
  101. ^ "The River Club Home Page". www.jaxriverclub.com.
  102. ^ Christopher Calnan, "River Club project in Jacksonville, Fla., to double initial cost," Florida Times-Union (Oct. 7, 2004)
  103. ^ "This 32-Year-Old Downtown Miami Institution Shuts Down".
  104. ^ "Bankers Club (Miami) (official site)".
  105. ^ Ted Reed, "Bankers Club the First to Let Everybody In," Miami Herald (Apr. 16, 1990)
  106. ^ a b c d e "Downtown Miami Social Clubs Making Adjustments In Tough Economy". Aug 6, 2009.
  107. ^ Ted Reed, "Elegant Brickell Club Shuts Down," Miami Herald (June 17, 1995)
  108. ^ Oscar Pedro Musibay, "Miami City Club shutters," South Florida Business Journal (Jan. 21, 2011)
  109. ^ Ted Reed, "University Club: The One with No Women Members," Miami Herald (Apr. 16, 1990)
  110. ^ "Laura Layden, "Church buys Collier Athletic Club," Naplesnews.com (Nov. 18, 2010)".
  111. ^ "Public Home – University Club Of Orlando". www.ucluborlando.com.
  112. ^ Beth Kassab, "University Club tweaks its image," Orlando Sentinel (Nov. 16, 2009)
  113. ^ ""North Palm's private City Club quietly closes," Palm Beach Post (Jan. 29, 2010)".
  114. ^ "Kevin McQuaid, "Sarasota's University Club closes its doors," Sarasota Herald-Tribune (June 22, 2009)".
  115. ^ "The Surf Club Miami Beach Luxury Condos". Miami Beach Surf Club.
  116. ^ Andres Viglucci, "Renovation of Surf Club, where Winston Churchill painted, goes to Surfside Commission Monday," Miami Herald (Oct. 14, 2012)
  117. ^ "Governors Club Home Page". www.govclub.com.
  118. ^ "Take a peek inside the mysterious Governor's Club," Tallahassee Democrat (July 6, 2010)
  119. ^ "Home – The Tampa Club". thetampaclub.com.
  120. ^ Amy Scherzer, "Tampa Club gets new look," St Petersburg Times (Nov. 17, 2006)
  121. ^ "Home – University Club of Tampa – Tampa, FL". www.uclubtampa.com.
  122. ^ Susan H. Thompson, "University Club's Glass Ceiling is Gone," Tampa Tribune (May 5, 2000)
  123. ^ "Home – Cherokee Town and Country Club". www.cherokeetcc.org.
  124. ^ "Atlanta's Most Prestigious Private Clubs," Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Apr. 23, 1989)
  125. ^ "georgianclub.com". www.georgianclub.com.
  126. ^ Jeff Levick, "Rhoden develops city's first suburban club," Atlanta Business Chronicle (June 17, 1991)
  127. ^ "Home". Pinnacle Club.
  128. ^ "Damon Cline, "Pinnacle Club sees resurgence as it turns 35," Augusta Chronicle (Aug. 4, 2002)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  129. ^ Skippy Davis, "Coming of age: City Club of Macon has come a long way since it opened 9 years ago," Macon Telegraph (May 7, 2001)
  130. ^ Linda S. Morris, "City Club of Macon closes," Macon Telegraph (June 12, 2008)
  131. ^ "The Chatham Club | The Club of the Earl of Chatham". www.chathamclub.org.
  132. ^ Phinizy Spalding, Harvey H. Jackson, "Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia's Founder After Two Hundred Years" (University of Alabama: 2006)
  133. ^ "The Oglethorpe Club".
  134. ^ "Becoming Southern: the Jews of Savannah, Georgia, 1830-70," American Jewish History (Dec. 30, 2008)
  135. ^ a b c "History & Heritage 2013". ASCE Hawaii Section.
  136. ^ "Welcome – The Pacific Club". www.thepacificclub.org.
  137. ^ "Home – The Arid Club". aridclub.org.
  138. ^ "A new classic: Inside the transformation of Boise's historic Arid Club," Idaho Statesman (Feb. 5, 2009)
  139. ^ "Taking Names: Casino Club names Sarah Potter as new executive director". Crain's Chicago Business. Dec 12, 2009.
  140. ^ Katie Parsons, "Rundown Chicago Athletic Association Building To Be Hotel," Chicago Chamber of Commerce (July 23, 2012) Archived January 19, 2013, at archive.today
  141. ^ "Home".
  142. ^ Bilow, Irving C. and Barnard, Harry (1969) The Standard Club's First Hundred Years 1869–1969 Standard Club of Chicago, Chicago, OCLC 2653953
  143. ^ Holton, Lisa (2008) "For Members Only: A History and Guide to Chicago's Oldest Private Clubs" Lake Claremont Press, Chicago, ISBN 978-1-893121-28-7
  144. ^ "亚-博网页版登入界面". www.thedecaturclub.com.
  145. ^ Dayle Cochran Irwin, "The Decatur Club 1883–2003" (Club Press: 2003)
  146. ^ "建站成功".
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  148. ^ ""The DuPage Club," West Suburban Living Magazine (2013) (retrieved July 2, 2013)".
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  150. ^ "Holling Makes History," Peoria Journal Star (July 9, 2002)
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  153. ^ "Home – Sangamo Club". www.sangamoclub.net.
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  155. ^ "Sangamo Club to close doors Friday after 133 years" Zach Roth, State Journal-Register June 13, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
  156. ^ "None".
  157. ^ "Kerrie Kennedy, "Your Club or Mine?" Sheridan Road Magazine (Vol. 5, Issue 3) (retrieved July 2, 2013)".
  158. ^ "Indiana University Bloomington". Indiana University Bloomington.
  159. ^ "Petroleum Club was once the place to be in Evansville". indianaeconomicdigest.net.
  160. ^ "Summit Club Closes: Passing of an Era".
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  436. ^ Robert Evatt, "Tulsa Press Club completes renovation," Tulsa World (July 15, 2010)
  437. ^ "Historic Hotels of America | Historic Hotels USA | Historic Hotel". www.historichotels.org.
  438. ^ "Eugene Register-Guard - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
  439. ^ Goldfield, Robert (12 Jan. 2001) "Atwaters closure could force Founders to move" Portland Business Journal
  440. ^ "Home - University Club of Portland". www.uclubpdx.com.
  441. ^ "Bethlehem Club Closed 7/27/07 | abc7chicago.com". archive.ph. Jun 24, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-06-24.
  442. ^ Catasauqua Club (official site)
  443. ^ "LETS START".
  444. ^ "A Walking Tour of Easton, Pennsylvania". Smashwords.
  445. ^ "Erie Club Website - Erie Club - Erie, PA". www.erieclub.com.
  446. ^ "History of the Tuesday Club (retrieved June 7, 2013)" (PDF).
  447. ^ "The Hill Society | Harrisburg PA". Hill Society.
  448. ^ "The Hamilton Club – Club History". Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
  449. ^ Paula Wolf, "Roof-top dining to highlight Hamilton Club expansion," Lancaster Intelligencer Journal (Aug. 21, 2005)
  450. ^ Dwight W. Koppes, The Down Town Club: Its History, Membership Facilities, Rules and Regulations (Philadelphia: 1947)
  451. ^ a b Ron Avery, "R.I.P., Philly Institutions: The Landscape is Changing," Philadelphia Daily News (Nov. 27, 1995)
  452. ^ "Home - The Engineers' Club of Philadelphia".
  453. ^ "Home". The Franklin Inn Club.
  454. ^ Ron Avery, "Inn Place Down But Not Out: Interest Wanes in Downtown Literati Club," Philadelphia Daily News (Jan. 27, 1993)
  455. ^ David Iams, "Locust Club to Sell Its Clubhouse," Philadelphia Inquirer (Feb. 23, 1999)
  456. ^ "The Mask and Wig Club – The premier collegiate musical comedy troupe in the United States".
  457. ^ Susan Q. Stranahan, "A City Club That's Above It All," Philadelphia Inquirer (Mar. 15, 1993)
  458. ^ David Iams, "The Exclusive-Club Life in Philadelphia is Taking a Clubbing," Philadelphia Inquirer (May 2, 1993)
  459. ^ "Home". The Rittenhouse Club.
  460. ^ "Welcome to Penn University Club". cms.business-services.upenn.edu.
  461. ^ Edward Digby Baltzell, Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class (Transaction: 7th ed. 2009)
  462. ^ Stu Bykofsky, "Recalling the Vesper Club's 'Mad Men' days," Philadelphia Inquirer (Sept. 21, 2012)
  463. ^ Klein, Michael (Jan 1, 2013). "The Vesper Club is homeless". www.inquirer.com.
  464. ^ Charter and By-Laws of the Union Club of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh: Union Club of Pittsburgh. 1904. p. 1.
  465. ^ "University Club". University Club.
  466. ^ Bill Schackner, "Remodeled University Club Set to Reopen," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Mar. 30, 2009)
  467. ^ "Schuylkill County (PA) Government, "Timeline of Schuylkill County (retrieved May 30, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2012-07-26.
  468. ^ "Borys Krawczeniuk, "Scranton Club accepts $700,000 offer for building," Scranton Times-Tribune (July 30, 2010)".
  469. ^ "最新免费手机游戏下载_应用手游下载 - 万能下载手机版". www.uclubstatecollege.com.
  470. ^ "Justin Leto, "The University Club seeks residents, members," VoicesWeb (Jan. 3, 2004) (retrieved July 12, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  471. ^ "Home". westmorelandclub.org.
  472. ^ Denise Allabaugh, "Westmoreland Club celebrates platinum status," Wilkes-Barre Citizens' Voice (Oct. 18, 2009)
  473. ^ Wilkinsburg Historical Society (2007). Images of America WILKINSBURG. Arcadia Publishing. p. 104.
  474. ^ "Ross Club (official site)". Archived from the original on 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
  475. ^ "Mike Reuther, "Ross Club expects better year with new leadership," Williamsport Sun-Gazette (Jan. 6, 2013)".
  476. ^ Sean Adkins, "Lafayette Club in York closes after 114 years," York Daily Record (Aug. 27, 2012)
  477. ^ John Hill, "Time running out; Trends Social clubs vanishing," Providence Journal Bulletin (Feb. 9, 2010)
  478. ^ "Donna Kenny Kirwan, "Historians make TK new home," Pawtucket Times (Feb. 16, 2011)". Archived from the original on 2013-07-13.
  479. ^ "Home - Hope Club". www.hopeclub.com.
  480. ^ Roger T. Clapp, The Hope Club: A Centennial History, 1875–1975 (E.A. Johnson: 1976)
  481. ^ "I {heart} Rhody". www.iheartrhody.com.
  482. ^ "Home". The University Club.
  483. ^ S. Robert Chiappinelli, The University Club: The Century, 1899–1999 (Providence: 2000)
  484. ^ Brian C. Mooney, "Club Snub: Cianci, Elite at Odds Again," Boston Globe (May 1, 2002)
  485. ^ "Home - Green Boundary Club - Aiken, SC". greenboundaryclub.com.
  486. ^ "City approves resolution to purchase 3 acres from Green Boundary," Aiken Standard (July 9, 2013)
  487. ^ "Home - Springdale Hall Club". springdalehallclub.com.
  488. ^ Reid Buckley, An American Family: The Buckleys (Simon & Schuster: 2008)
  489. ^ The Charleston Club, A Sketch of the Charleston Club: 1852–1948 (1948)
  490. ^ a b "Home - The Palmetto Club". www.palmettoclub.org.
  491. ^ a b Andrew Shain, "Summit, Palmetto dining clubs to merge," Columbia State (Sept. 2, 2010)
  492. ^ "Home - The Poinsett Club - Greenville, SC". poinsettclub.org.
  493. ^ "TMPR -- A Client/Company News & Event Blog: THE POINSETT CLUB: EMBRACING TRADITION, LOOKING AHEAD". tmpr.blogspot.com.
  494. ^ "Local Business You Can Trust". Rockhill City Guide.
  495. ^ Julie Graham, "City Club of Rock Hill," Rock Hill Herald (Dec. 25, 2005)
  496. ^ "Home - Piedmont Club". www.thepiedmontclub.org.
  497. ^ Lori Roberts, "Piedmont Club opened in 1941 to city's men," Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Dec. 30, 1990)
  498. ^ "Home".
  499. ^ John Shearer, The Mountain City Club – A History (Chattanooga: 1998)
  500. ^ "Welcome to The Walden Club in Chattanooga, TN | Discover Exclusive Amenities & Services". www.waldenclub.org.
  501. ^ Ben Benton, "Protesters occupy Chestnut Street in Chattanooga," Chattanooga Times (Oct. 27, 2011)
  502. ^ "Racquet Club of Memphis (official site)". Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  503. ^ a b "Historic Memphis Buildings ...and notable Businesses". historic-memphis.com.
  504. ^ "Crescent Club acquires Summit Club membership," Memphis Business Journal (Oct. 27, 2003)
  505. ^ "Home - University Club Of Memphis". www.ucmem.com.
  506. ^ Lela Garlington, "Jury Awards Damages in Tip Suit: University Club Must Pay $500,000," Memphis Commercial Appeal (Oct. 8, 1996)
  507. ^ "HOME". Nashville City Club.
  508. ^ "Views, vibe put Nashville City Club high above the rest," Nashville Tennessean (Aug. 26, 2011)
  509. ^ "uclubnashville.org". uclubnashville.org.
  510. ^ "Chef's eclectic upbringing seasons University Club menu," Nashville Tennessean (July 11, 2012)
  511. ^ Mattson, Emma (Feb 12, 2019). "University Club of Nashville closes after 47 years - The Vanderbilt Hustler".
  512. ^ Bill Whitaker, "Petroleum Club's heyday just a memory now," Abilene Reporter-News (Jan. 10, 2000) Archived 2014-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  513. ^ Amarillo Club (official site)
  514. ^ "Jim McBride, "Rise to the top: Amarillo Club goes from cellar to top of city skyline," Amarillo Globe-News (Nov. 22, 2007)".
  515. ^ "Home | The Austin Club". Sep 29, 2024.
  516. ^ Campus Club (Austin, TX) (official site)
  517. ^ Joshua Winata, "U. Texas Campus Club to relocate," Daily Texan (Nov. 1, 2006)
  518. ^ "(The University of Texas Club)".
  519. ^ (The Headliner's Club of Austin)
  520. ^ "Bahis Siteleri Para Yatırma Limitleri | Düşük limiti olan siteler". beaumontclubtx.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-02.
  521. ^ Heather Nolan, "New management hopes to grow The Beaumont Club," Beaumont Enterprise (Dec. 15, 2007)
  522. ^ Rick Spruill (Jul 15, 2015). "6 Investigates: Corpus Christi Town Club files for bankruptcy protection". KRISTV.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-29.
  523. ^ "Corpus Christi Town Club tosses a big, fun party". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Dec 27, 2009.
  524. ^ City Club (Dallas) (official site)
  525. ^ Candace Carlisle, "Prime Dallas skyscraper vistas are worth every penny," Dallas Business Journal (July 27, 2012)
  526. ^ Dallas Petroleum Club (official site)
  527. ^ Diana Elizabeth Kendall, Members Only: Elite Clubs and the Process of Exclusion (Rowman & Littlefield: 2008)
  528. ^ "SMU Faculty and Staff are welcome to join". www.smu.edu.
  529. ^ "Renovated Facility Serves Faculty and Alumni – SMU Magazine". blog.smu.edu.
  530. ^ "Home". www.parkcityclub.net.
  531. ^ Steve Brown, "Partnership buys tower in North Dallas," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 13, 2006)
  532. ^ "In the Know: Keeping up with Bush," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 6, 2009)
  533. ^ "Dining Club, Lounge, Meeting and Party Rooms | The El Paso Club | Welcome". www.theelpasoclub.com.
  534. ^ "A new vista for El Paso Club". El Paso Inc. Nov 21, 2010.
  535. ^ "Home - City Club of Fort Worth - Fort Worth, TX". www.cityclubfw.com.
  536. ^ a b c staff, FWTX (Apr 25, 2013). "Members Only". Fort Worth Magazine.
  537. ^ "Home - The Fort Worth Club - Fort Worth, TX". www.fortworthclub.com.
  538. ^ "Home - Petroleum Club of Fort Worth". www.fwpetroleumclub.com.
  539. ^ "MP | Public Home - Coronado Club". www.coronadoclub.com.
  540. ^ Mimi Swarz, "The gospel according to Matthew," Texas Monthly (Vol. 36, Issue 2: Feb. 1, 2008)
  541. ^ "MP | Public Home - Petroleum Club of Houston". www.pcoh.com.
  542. ^ Bruce Nichols, "Petroleum Club back in the swing: City's economy brings new life, members to downtown destination," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 24, 2006)
  543. ^ "Summit Club of Longview - Indoor and Outdoor Wedding Venue, Event Venue & Fine Dining Restaurant". Summit Club Longview.
  544. ^ News-Journal, Longview (Oct 26, 2024). "Business". Longview News-Journal.
  545. ^ Nett, Walt. "Members vote to disband Lubbock Club, liquidate assets". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal.
  546. ^ "Home". www.pcmidland.com.
  547. ^ "No love for Obama in the oil fields". Los Angeles Times. Dec 22, 2008.
  548. ^ "The Argyle | Texas BioMed | Private San Antonio Club | Five Star Dining". www.theargyle.com.
  549. ^ a b c d e Robert Wynne, "Membership in city's exclusive clubs has its price as well as its privileges," San Antonio Light (July 8, 1990)
  550. ^ "Club Giraud". www.clubgiraud.com/.
  551. ^ "Petroleum Club of San Antonio | Member- Owned | Private Club - Petroleum Club Of San Antonio". www.petroleumclubsa.com.
  552. ^ David Hendricks, "Big changes coming next year for historic buildings downtown," San Antonio Express-News (July 6, 2005)
  553. ^ Edmund Tijerina, "A new private club is coming to the Majestic Building – again," San Antonio Express-News (July 15, 2007)
  554. ^ "Judith McGinnis, "Changes in business end Wichita Club," Wichita Falls TimesRecordNews (June 20, 2010)".
  555. ^ David Clifton, "California Group Buys University Club Building in Salt Lake City," Salt Lake Tribune (July 18, 1995)
  556. ^ "Ethan Allen Club to see the end of an era | Burlington Free Press | b…". archive.ph. Jun 24, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-06-24.
  557. ^ K. Edward Lay (2000). The Architecture of Jefferson Country: Charlottesville and Albemarle County. University of Virginia Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780813918853. The private Redlands Club has occupied the 1822 dwelling to the east of the courthouse since 1908.
  558. ^ "Colonnade Club (official site)".
  559. ^ Arthur Kyle Davis, The Colonnade Club of the University of Virginia: 75th Anniversary, 1907–1982 (University of Virginia: 1982)
  560. ^ "The Virginian-Pilot". The Virginian-Pilot. Oct 26, 2024.
  561. ^ "Virginia Club". www.virginiaclub.com.
  562. ^ Tony Wharton, "Gentlemen's Club: After 57 Years, The Virginia Club is Being Forced to Leave Selden Arcade, but its New Home in the Old Southern Bank is a Nice Fit," Virginia Pilot and Ledger-Star (Jan. 25, 1997)
  563. ^ "2300 Club is dead". Jul 23, 2017.
  564. ^ "2300 Club (official site)". Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  565. ^ a b "The Club Scene". richmondmagazine.com. Oct 7, 2007.
  566. ^ "Bull & Bear Club to close at end of month". May 5, 2015.
  567. ^ Bull and Bear Club (official site), permanently closed May 31, 2015
  568. ^ Aaron Kremer, "Priceless memories linger," Richmond Times-Dispatch (June 25, 2006)
  569. ^ "The Shenandoah Club – Roanoke, VA – About Us". www.theshenandoahclub.com.
  570. ^ "Town Center City Club". Feb 28, 2018.
  571. ^ Matthew Jones, "Board Crafts City Club for a New Downtown," Virginian Pilot (June 21, 2003)
  572. ^ Irene Bowers, "Elegance, Luxury, Manners Matter with Club," Virginia Beach Beacon (Mar. 14, 2013)
  573. ^ Fauquier Club of Warrenton, Va, Officers, incorporators, charter, constitution, by-laws, and members (Williams & Wilkins Co.: 1906)
  574. ^ Marvine Howe, "Virginia's Foothills, The Tranquil Piedmont," New York Times (May 12, 1991)
  575. ^ "National Register of Historic Places: Warrenton Historic District," Virginia Dept. of Historic Resources (Oct. 13, 1983)
  576. ^ a b "Harbor Club (official site)".
  577. ^ a b Keith Ervin, "Harbor Club is Booming: Private Facility Drawing Younger, Less Traditional Eastside Business Clientele," Seattle Times (Nov. 6, 1997)
  578. ^ "Clubs in Bellevue Washington | Bellevue Club | Downtown Bellevue Club". Bellevue Club.
  579. ^ Julie Schaeffer, "When Fitness and Hospitality Combine," New American Luxury (Dec. 2012) Archived 2013-07-17 at archive.today
  580. ^ "College Club Seattle | Lake Union | Rowing & Social Club". CCS Website.
  581. ^ a b c Sherry Grindeland, "Seattle's Exclusive Clubs Try to Boost Waning Memberships," Seattle Times (Mar. 26, 2002)
  582. ^ Celeste Louise Smith and Julie D. Pheasant-Albright, Private Clubs of Seattle, p. 7, Arcadia (Images of America series), 2009. ISBN 978-0-7385-7072-3.
  583. ^ University of Washington Club (official site)
  584. ^ "The UW Club, past, present and future: 'It's about relationships'".
  585. ^ "Spokane Club Home". Spokane Club.
  586. ^ Mike McLean, "Spokane Club at crossroads," Spokane Journal of Business (May 9, 2013)
  587. ^ "Spokane Club working to stem tide of defections and reinvent itself | The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com.
  588. ^ "The La Crosse Club".
  589. ^ Susan T. Hessel, Leisure with Dignity: A History of the La Crosse Club (La Crosse: 1997)
  590. ^ "the madison club". the madison club.
  591. ^ Doug Moe, "Book Marks Madison Club Milestone," Wisconsin State Journal (Mar. 25, 2009)
  592. ^ "University Club of the University of Wisconsin (official site)".
  593. ^ Phil Haslanger, "Gathering Place," Madison Capital Times (Nov. 22, 1997)
  594. ^ "Our History – Milwaukee Club".
  595. ^ H. Russell Zimmerman, The Milwaukee Club: Centennial, 1882–1982 (Milwaukee: 1982)
  596. ^ "Wisconsin Club Downtown Milwaukee, WI". www.wisconsinclub.com.
  597. ^ Nick Halter, "Wisconsin Club spruces up: $2.2 million renovation will help it compete in option-filled market," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (June 20, 2008)
  598. ^ ""The Birmingham Athletic Club, Birmingham's Premier Sports Venue of the Early 1900s," Jefferson County Historical Association Newsletter (July 2013)".
  599. ^ Tomberlin, Michael (Nov 18, 2009). "High-end club ordered to pay bank". al.
  600. ^ T.H. Benners, Jr., "Birmingham's Southern Club," 19 Alabama Review 233-37 (July 1966)
  601. ^ "Michael Brannon, "Bienville Club to close its doors," FOX10TV.com (May 28, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2013-06-24.
  602. ^ Wilkinson, Kaija (May 1, 2009). "Mobile's International Trade Club closes after 40-plus years". al.
  603. ^ Lynn Ducey, "Arizona Club closing at Chase, seeking partnership," Phoenix Business Journal (Aug. 25, 2009)
  604. ^ "Gabriel Dillard, "After 50 years, The Downtown Club in Fresno closes," Fresno Business Journal (Feb. 6, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  605. ^ ** The Hollywood Athletic Club (1928–1955) Stephen Ceasar, "Members-only Regency Club to close after 30 years," Los Angeles Times (Feb. 25, 2011)
  606. ^ E.S. Bates, "What's Inside Counts," Los Angeles Times (Aug. 24, 1992)
  607. ^ Casper Petroleum Club (official site)
  608. ^ "Jesse McKinley, "An Oil City Fears for Its Future," New York Times (June 4, 2010)".
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