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List of first women lawyers and judges in North America

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This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in North America (a separate list is devoted to the United States). It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as graduating from law school.

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By country

Anguilla

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See Women in law in the United Kingdom

Antigua and Barbuda

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Aruba (NLD)

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Bahamas

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Barbados

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Mia Mottley: First female Attorney General of Barbados (2001)
  • Marie Elizabeth Bourne-Hollands (1947):[2] First female to practice law in Barbados
  • Norma E. Maynard-Marshall (1962):[35] First female solicitor in Barbados
  • Billie Miller (1969):[36] First female barrister in Barbados
  • Marie McCormack (1971):[37][38] First female judge (1971) and Judge of the High Court (1995) in Barbados
  • Shirley Bell (1972):[2] First female to serve as a Chief Magistrate in Barbados (1991)
  • Sandra Mason (1975):[35][39][40] First Barbadian woman admitted to the Barbados Bar Association. She was the first female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Appeal (2008), as well as the first female magistrate appointed as an Ambassador from Barbados.
  • Beverley Walrond (1974):[41][42] First female to serve as the President of the Barbados Bar Association
  • Kaye Goodridge:[2] First female to serve as the Solicitor General of Barbados (1996)
  • Mia Mottley (1986):[43] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Barbados (2001)
  • Donna Babb-Agard:[44] First female appointed as deputy director of Public Prosecutions in Barbados (2005)

Belize

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Bermuda (GBR)

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See Women in law in the United Kingdom

Bonaire (NLD)

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British Virgin Islands (GBR)

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See Women in law in the United Kingdom

Canada

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See Women in law in Canada

Cayman Islands (GBR)

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See Women in law in the United Kingdom

Costa Rica

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Cuba

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  • Francisca Rojas de Astudillo:[70][71] First female law graduate in Cuba (1886)
  • Esperanza de Quesada Villalón (c. 1913):[72][73][74] First female lawyer in Cuba
  • Maria T. Ruiz y Rojas:[75][76][77][78] First female judge in Cuba (c. 1926)
  • Ángela Mariana Zaldívar Peyrellade:[79] First female prosecutor in Cuba (1926)
  • Rosa Anders:[80][81] First female appointed as a Public Defender in Cuba
  • Sara Esther Fernández Concepción and Maria del Carmen Herrero Rodriguez:[82] First females to serve as Judges of the People's Supreme Court of Cuba (1973)
  • Zenaida Osorio Vizcaino:[82][83] First female to serve as the Vice President of the People's Supreme Court of Cuba (c. 1998)
  • Yamila Peña Ojeda:[84] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Cuba (2018)

Curaçao (NLD)

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Dominica

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Eugenia Charles: First female lawyer in Dominica (1949)

Dominican Republic

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  • Minerva Argentina Mirabal (c. 1940s):[96] First female to graduate with a law degree in the Dominican Republic, but she was denied the right to practice as an attorney
  • Ana Teresa Paredas:[97][98][99] First female lawyer in the Dominican Republic
  • Luisa Comarazamy de Los Santos:[100][101] First female Justice of the Peace in the Dominican Republic (c. 1950s)
  • Olga Altagracia Seijas Herrero:[102] First female to serve as a Judge of the Electoral Board of the Dominican Republic (1987)
  • Pura Luz Núñez Pérez and Semiramis Olivo de Pichardo:[103][99][104] First females to serve as the Attorney General of the Dominican Republic (their terms were 1988-1990 respectively)
  • Margarita Tavares Vidal (1947):[105][106] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Dominican Republic (1997)
  • Zoila Martínez (1967):[105] First female appointed as Prosecutor of the National District in the Dominican Republic (1995)
  • Rhadys Abreu de Polanco:[105] First Dominican Republic female elected as a Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of the Organization of American States (2006)
  • Olga Herrera Carbuccia:[105][107] First Dominican Republic female elected as a Judge of the International Criminal Court (2011)
  • Mabel Ybelca Féliz Báez:[102] First female to serve as a Judge of the Superior Electoral Court of the Dominican Republic (2011)
  • Ana Isabel Bonilla Hernandez and Katia Miguelina Jiménez Martínez:[108] First females to serve as Judges of the Constitutional Court of the Dominican Republic (2011)
  • Nancy Idelsa Salcedo Fernández:[109] First female appointed as a member of the National Council of the Magistracy (CNM) in the Dominican Republic (2020)

El Salvador

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  • Alma Paredes Delgado:[110] First El Salvadorean female to become a lawyer, though her studies were in Mexico and her other pursuits included journalism
  • María García Herrera de Jovel (1944):[111][112] First female to graduate as a lawyer in El Salvador
  • Noemí Arias Avilés:[112] First female appointed as a Judge of the First Instance in El Salvador (1959)
  • Yolanda Myers de Vásquez:[112][113][114] First female to serve as a Magistrate of the Labor Chamber (1961) and the Attorney General of El Salvador (1967)
  • Ana "Anita" Calderón de Buitrago and Aronette Diaz:[112][115][116] First females to serve as Judges of the Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador (1994)
  • Miriam Geraldine Aldana Revelo:[117] First (female) Judge of the Courts of Extinction of Domain (2004)
  • Carmen Elena Rivas Landaverde:[118] First female to serve as the President of the Court of Accounts of the Republic of El Salvador (c. 2018)

Greenland (DNK)

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  • Agnete Weis Bentzon:[119] First female lawyer to perform a legal expedition in Greenland (the result of which led to the creation of a criminal law system in Greenland). She served as a judge in Greenland from 1963 to 1964. Prior to the expedition, she had the distinction of being Denmark's first female professor of law.
  • Vera Leth:[120][121] First Greenlandic female lawyer (1988). She is also the female to serve as the County Council Ombudsman for the Parliament of Greenland (1997).
  • Birgit Skriver:[122][123][124] First female to serve as a Judge of the Court of Greenland (2011; court created in 2010)

Grenada

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Guadeloupe (FRA)

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Guatemala

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  • Luz Castillo Díaz-Ordaz de Villagrán:[138] First female to graduate as a lawyer in Guatemala (1927), though she could not exercise the profession until the 1940s
  • Graciela Quan (1942):[139] First female lawyer in Guatemala
  • Eunice Lima Schaul (c. 1953):[140] First female called to the Guatemalan Bar Association
  • Ana Maria Rosa Vargas de Ortiz:[141][142][143] First female judge in Guatemala (1960)
  • María Luisa Beltranena de Padilla:[144][145] First female to serve as a Magistrate and the President (Post-Serranazo; 1993) of the Supreme Court of Guatemala
  • Alma Beatriz Quiñones López:[146][147] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Guatemala (1995)
  • Yolanda Pérez Ruiz:[148] First female to serve as the President of the College of Lawyers and Notaries of Guatemala (2005)
  • María Encarnación Mejía García de Contreras:[149] First female to serve as the interim Attorney General of Guatemala (2010)
  • Claudia Paz y Paz:[150][151][152] First female to permanently serve as the Attorney General of Guatemala (2010-2014)

Haiti

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  • Georgette Justin (1933):[153][154][155] First female lawyer in Haiti
  • Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (1971[156]):[157][158][159][160] First female judge in Haiti (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Court of First Instance in 1979). She was also the first female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Appeal (1985) and the Supreme Court of Haiti (Court of Cassation; 1986). From 1990-1991, she was the first female to serve as the Provisional Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Haiti.[161]
  • Nonie H. Mathieu:[162] First female to serve as the President of the Superior Court of Auditors and Administrative Disputes of Haiti (2009)
  • Marie Suzy Legros:[163] First female elected to serve as a Bâtonnière (l’ordre des avocats de Port-au-Prince) in Haiti (2020)

Honduras

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Jamaica

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Martinique (FRA)

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  • Gerty Archimede (1939):[128][129][130] First female lawyer in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin)
  • Andrée Pierre-Rose Bocaly (1945):[189][190] First female lawyer to actually practice in Martinique
  • Thérèse Yoyo-Likao:[191][192] First female elected as the Bâtonnière du Barreau de la Martinique (1979)
  • Dolor Emmanuel Émile:[193] First female judge in Martinique
  • Mme. Roger:[194] First female to serve as a children's judge in Martinique
  • Clarisse Taron:[195] First female to serve as a public prosecutor in Martinique (2021)
  • Hélène Rouland-Boyer:[196] First female to serve as the President of the Administrative Courts of Martinique and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2022)

Mexico

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Marisela Morales: First female Attorney General of Mexico (2011)

Montserrat (GBR)

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Main article: Women in law in the United Kingdom

Nicaragua

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  • Olga Núñez de Saballos (née Abaunza) (1945):[224] First female lawyer in Nicaragua. She was also the first female to earn a law degree in Nicaragua.[225]
  • Catalina Rojas and Joaquina Vega:[226][227][228] First female judges in Nicaragua (1948-1949). Vega would later become the first female district court judge in Nicaragua (c. 1964).[229]
  • Vilma Núñez de Escorcia:[230][231][232] First female to serve as a Judge and Vice-President of the Supreme Court of Nicaragua (1979)
  • Ana Julia Guido Ochoa:[233] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Nicaragua (2014)
  • Doña Alba Luz Ramos:[234] First female judge to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Nicaragua (2017)
  • Becky McCrea:[235] First Rama (female) lawyer in Nicaragua

Panama

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  • Clara Gonzalez (1925):[236] First female lawyer in Panama. She later became the first female Judge of the Juvenile Justice Court when it was created in 1951.[237]
  • Alma Montenegro de Fletcher:[238][239] First female to serve as a notary public and prosecutor in Panama
  • Marisol Milantia Reyes de Vásquez (c. 1958):[240][241] First female appointed as a Magistrate (1974) and the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Panama (1985)
  • Graciela Dixon:[240][242] First Black female justice appointed as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Panama (2005)
  • Ana Matilde Gómez:[243][244] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Panama (2005)
  • Sara Omi Casamá:[245] First Emberá female lawyer in Panama
  • Dialys Ehrman:[246] First Guna (female) lawyer in Panama
  • Marta López de Martin:[247][248] First female to serve as the President of the National Bar Association of Panama (2007)
  • Katherin Flaco Chamarra (2023):[249] First Embera-Wounaan female lawyer in Panama

Puerto Rico (USA)

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Main article: List of first women lawyers and judges in U.S. territories

Saba (NLD)

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Saint Barthélemy (FRA)

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Saint Kitts and Nevis

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Saint Lucia

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  • Marie Grace Augustin, a St. Lucian who studied law, was on the verge of becoming the first female lawyer in the Commonwealth Caribbean in 1923. Augustin was denied the ability to take the bar exam that year, however, and so she entered the business industry instead.[2][253]
  • Daisy Borman (c. 1940s):[250][254][255] First female to practice law in Saint Lucia
  • Suzie d'Auvergne (c. 1975):[6][256][257][258] First female magistrate (c. 1980) and judge in Saint Lucia (upon her appointment as a High Court Judge of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in 1990). She was also Saint Lucia's first female Director of Public Prosecutions (1982) and Solicitor General (1988).[259]
  • Monica Theresa Joseph:[92][5][6] First female appointed as a Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (1982)
  • Charmaine Pemberton:[10][11] First (female) Master of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (2000)[12]
  • Lorraine Bernadine Williams:[260][261][262] First female to serve as the Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs for Saint Lucia (1992). In 2001, she became the first female to serve as the President of the Saint Lucia Bar Association.
  • Nicole Sylvester:[13] First female to serve as the President of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Bar Association (c. 2007)

Saint Martin (FRA)

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Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FRA)

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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

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Sint Eustatius (NLD)

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Sint Maarten (NLD)

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Trinidad and Tobago

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  • Gladys Eileen Ramsaran (1932):[273][274] First female lawyer and magistrate (1948) in Trinidad and Tobago
  • Mona Rigsby James (1939):[275] First native-born female lawyer in Trinidad and Tobago
  • Wendy Punnett-Hope:[276] First female appointed as the Acting Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1970-1977). Brenda Paray-Durity later became the first permanent female Registrar.
  • Marie Elizabeth Bourne-Hollands:[276][277] First female judge in Trinidad and Tobago (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court of Trinidad and Tobago in 1972). She was also the first female lawyer in Barbados.
  • Monica Barnes:[278] First female from Trinidad and Tobago to be admitted to the Inner Bar and made a Senior Counsel (1979)
  • Occah Seepaul (1964):[276][277] First female appointed as the Master of the High Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1993)
  • Gladys Seedansingh Gafoor (1962):[2] First female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions in Trinidad and Tobago (c. 1987)
  • Morean Phillip:[279] First female appointed as the President of the Law Association of Trinidad and Tobago (1989)
  • Jean A. Permanand (1962):[276][280] First female appointed as a Judge of the Appeal Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1993-2004).She was also the first female lawyer to become the Solicitor General in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1980s.
  • Kamla Persad-Bissessar (1985):[281][282] First female lawyer to become the Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago (1995)
  • Deborah Thomas-Felix:[283] First female to serve as the Deputy Chief Magistrate in Trinidad and Tobago (2001)
  • Maureen Rajnauth-Lee:[284] First female citizen of Trinidad and Tobago appointed as a Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice (2015)
  • Marcia Ayers-Caesar:[285] First female to serve as the Chief Magistrate of the High Court of Trinidad and Tobago (2017)

Turks and Caicos Islands (GBR)

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Main article: Women in law in the United Kingdom

United States

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Main article: List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States

United States Virgin Islands (USA)

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Main article: List of first women lawyers and judges in U.S. territories

See also

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References

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