List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll
Appearance
This is a list of New Zealand disasters by death toll, listing major peacetime disasters which occurred in New Zealand and its territories or involved a significant number of New Zealand citizens, in a specific incident, where the loss of life was 10 or more.
100 or more deaths
[edit]-
Air New Zealand Flight 901 in 1979
-
Napier Town Hall following the earthquake
-
Illustration of the HMS Orpheus wreck
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Christchurch Cathedral following the earthquake
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Tangiwai memorial plaque
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Illustration of the SS Tararua wreck
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SS Wairarapa wreck
-
Illustration of the Mount Tarawera eruption
Deaths | Name | Type | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
257 | Air New Zealand Flight 901 | airliner accident | 28 Nov 1979 | Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica | Controlled flight into terrain |
256[1][2] | 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake | earthquake | 3 Feb 1931 | 20 km north of Napier | |
200+ | 1820s Southland tsunami | tsunami | 1820s | Orepuki beach | Possibly more than 200 killed |
189 | HMS Orpheus | shipwreck | 7 Feb 1863 | off Manukau Heads, near Auckland | |
185[3] | 2011 Christchurch earthquake | earthquake | 22 Feb 2011 | Christchurch | |
151 | Tangiwai disaster | train wreck/lahar | 24 Dec 1953 | Whangaehu River | |
135+[4] | 1st Little Waihi landslide | landslide | 1780 | Waihi Village | |
131 | SS Tararua | shipwreck | 29 Apr 1881 | off Waipapa Point | |
121 | SS Wairarapa | shipwreck | 29 Oct 1894 | off Great Barrier Island | |
108–153[5][6] | 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera | volcanic eruption | 10 Jun 1886 | Mount Tarawera |
50 to 99 deaths
[edit]-
Clipper ship Fiery Star
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Wreck of the General Grant
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Burial of victims of the Brunner Mine disaster
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Salvage operations on the wreck of TEV Wahine
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Cape Terawhiti, where the City of Dunedin sank
-
The Al Noor Mosque, where the Christchurch mosque shootings began
Deaths | Name or description | Type | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
87 | Fiery Star | shipwreck | 11 May 1865 | 240 km off the Chatham Islands | |
75 | SS Penguin | shipwreck | 12 Feb 1909 | off Cape Terawhiti | |
68[7] | General Grant | shipwreck | May 1866 | Auckland Island | 10 castaways survived the wreck and were successfully rescued. |
65[8] | Brunner Mine disaster | mine explosion | 26 Mar 1896 | Brunner | |
65[9] | 2nd Little Waihi Landslide | landslide | 7 May 1846 | Waihi Village | Tribal leader Mananui Te Heuheu Tukino II and most of his family were killed in the landslide[10] |
53[11] | TEV Wahine | shipwreck | 10 Apr 1968 | Barrett Reef, Wellington Harbour | |
52 | City of Dunedin | shipwreck | 20 May 1865 | off Cape Terawhiti | There are estimates of between 250 and 600 passengers perishing, but these reports were 20 or more years later |
51+ | Blizzard and Flood of 1863 | floods and blizzards | Jul 1863 – Aug 1863 | Central Otago goldfields | The actual death toll was probably higher because of the transient nature of the miners and the ruggedness of the country |
51 | Christchurch mosque shootings | terrorist attack | 15 Mar 2019 | Christchurch |
10 to 49 deaths
[edit]-
Ralph Mine disaster
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Ballantyne's fire seen from ChristChurch Cathedral
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Seacliff asylum, before the fire
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Kaitangata Mine disaster memorial
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Hyde railway disaster memorial
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Strongman Mine disaster memorial
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Restored grave of Dundonald's mate, Auckland Islands
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Octagon building fire
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Remains of sulphur mine, White Island
Deaths | Name or description | Type | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
49 | Featherston Prisoner of war camp riot | riot | 25 Feb 1943 | Featherston | |
45 | SS Elingamite | shipwreck | 9 Nov 1902 | off West Island in the Three Kings Islands | |
43 | Ralph Mine disaster | mine explosion | 12 Sep 1914 | Huntly | methane and coal dust explosion[12] |
41 | Ballantyne's store disaster | fire | 18 Nov 1947 | Christchurch | |
40+[13][14] | Great storm of 1868, flash floods and 12 shipwrecks | storm | 3 Feb 1868 | Predominantly eastern areas of New Zealand | Death toll likely understated as impact on many Māori unknown |
37 | Seacliff Lunatic Asylum | fire | 8 Dec 1942 | Seacliff | |
34 | Kaitangata Mine disaster | mine explosion | 21 Feb 1879 | Kaitangata | explosion of fire-damp (methane) |
34[13][15] | SS Taiaroa | shipwreck | 11 Apr 1886 | Waiau Toa / Clarence River mouth | |
34[16] | Dunedin | shipwreck (presumed) | 1890 | between Oamaru and London | |
30 | Marlborough | shipwreck (presumed) | 1890 | between Lyttelton and London | |
29[17] | MV Kaitawa | shipwreck | 23 May 1966 | near Pandora Bank, Cape Reinga | |
29 | Pike River Mine disaster | mine explosion | 19 Nov 2010 | northwest of Greymouth | large methane explosion[18] |
26 | Barque Maria | shipwreck[15] | 1851 | Cape Terawhiti | |
25+[19][20] | Storm of 1897 | floods and shipwreck | 16 Apr 1897 | North Island | flooding at Clive, boating accidents, and the wreck of the Zuleika near Cape Palliser. 25 confirmed deaths and 6 unconfirmed |
25[21][22] | MV Joyita | ghost ship | Oct 1955 | En route from Apia, Samoa to Tokelau | |
24[23] | Assaye | shipwreck (presumed) | 1890 | between London and Wellington; wreckage washed up at the Chatham Islands 7 months after the ship left London | |
23 | New Zealand National Airways Corporation Flight 441 | air accident | 3 Jul 1963 | Kaimai Ranges | |
22[24] | launch Ranui | shipwreck | 30 Dec 1950 | off Mount Maunganui, Bay of Plenty | |
22 | 2019 Whakaari/White Island eruption | volcanic eruption | 9 Dec 2019 | Whakaari/White Island | |
21[25][26] | brigantine Sophia Pate | shipwreck | Aug 1841 | Kaipara Harbour | |
21[27] | Kopuawhara flash flood of 1938 | flood | 19 Feb 1938 | Destroyed the Kopuawhara railway workers camp | |
21 | Hyde railway disaster | rail accident | 4 Jun 1943 | near Hyde | |
20+[28] | Tsunami from 1868 Arica earthquake | tsunami | 13 Aug 1868 | Chatham Islands | |
20[15] | schooner St. Vincent | shipwreck | 14 Feb 1869 | Palliser Bay | |
20[29] | RNZAF Douglas C-47 disappearance | air accident | 24 Sep 1945 | en route from Vanuatu | |
19[30] | Strongman Mine | mine explosion | 19 Jan 1967 | near Greymouth | |
18[31] | Canoe on Lake Rotorua | boating accident | 16 Apr 1870 | near Mokoia Island on Lake Rotorua | |
18[32] | Clyde | shipwreck | 6 Nov 1884 | Horseshoe Bay, near Akaroa, Banks Peninsula | |
18[33] | Canoe on Motu River | boating accident | 4 Aug 1900 | Motu River – 25 miles from Opotiki[34] | There were 16 children and 2 adults in the six person canoe |
18[35] | ketch Enterprise and steamer Tauranga | shipwreck | 23 Jul 1870 | between Cape Rodney and Sail Rock, Hauraki Gulf | Those lost — fourteen crew and four passengers — all came from the Tauranga. The crew of the Enterprise survived in the ship's longboat.[36] |
18[37] | Lastingham | shipwreck | 1 Sep 1884 | Cape Jackson, Cook Strait | |
17 | Ongarue railway disaster | rail accident[13] | 6 Jul 1923 | Ongarue | |
17[38] | 1929 Murchison earthquake | earthquake | 17 Jun 1929 | Murchison | |
16[39] | 1943 Liberator crash at Whenuapai | air accident | 2 Aug 1943 | Whenuapai | Those killed were mainly Japanese civilians who were being repatriated in a prisoner exchange. |
16[40] | Capitaine Bougainville | shipwreck | 3 Sep 1975 | Whananaki | |
15[13] | Lockheed Lodestar airliner crash | air accident | 18 Mar 1949 | near Waikanae | |
15[41] | MV Holmglen | shipwreck | 24 Nov 1959 | near Timaru | |
15[42] | Brynderwyns bus accident | road accident | 7 Feb 1963 | Brynderwyn Hills | |
15[43] | Derry Castle | shipwreck | 20 Mar 1887 | Enderby Island, Auckland Islands | |
14[44][45] | Hutt River flood | floods | 17 Jan 1858 | Hutt Valley | |
14[46] | Two Hudson bombers lost off the New Zealand coast | air accident | 21 Aug 1944 | en route from Fiji | No. 4 Squadron RNZAF |
14[47] | Aramoana massacre | spree killing | 13 Nov 1990 | Aramoana, near Dunedin | |
14 | Cave Creek disaster | structural failure | 28 Apr 1995 | Paparoa National Park | |
13[15] | Tasmania | shipwreck | 1897 | Māhia Peninsula | |
13[48] | SS Ventnor | shipwreck | 28 Oct 1902 | off Omapere, Hokianga | |
13 | NAC Electra air crash | air accident | 23 Oct 1948 | on Mount Ruapehu | |
12[49] | L'Alcmène | shipwreck | 3 Jun 1851 | Baylys Beach, Kaipara | A French navy corvette |
12[50] | ferry Pride of the Yarra and paddle steamer Favourite | collision | 6 Jul 1863 | Otago Harbour | |
12[51] | Cafe Chantant fire, The Octagon, Dunedin | fire | 8 Sep 1879 | Dunedin | |
12[52] | Barque Lizzie Bell | shipwreck | 24 Jul 1901 | Waimate, Taranaki | |
12[53] | barque Dundonald | shipwreck | 7 Mar 1907 | Disappointment Island, Auckland Islands | |
12[54][55] | Brigantine Rio Loge | shipwreck (presumed) | Jan 1909 | Last seen in Cook Strait on 14 January, en route from Kaipara to Dunedin | May have caused the wreck of the Penguin a month later.[56] |
12[57] | Cyclone of 1936 | storm | 1 Feb 1936 | North Island and upper South Island | A tropical cyclone that originated near the Solomon Islands |
11[58] | Glen Afton No. 1 mine | Coal mine fire | 24 Sep 1939 | Huntly | 11 miners, including the mine manager, died from carbon monoxide asphyxia |
11[59] | B17 bomber crash | air accident | 12 Jun 1942 | RNZAF Base Auckland at Whenuapai | |
11[60] | 2012 Carterton hot air balloon crash | air accident | 7 Jan 2012 | near Carterton | |
11[61] | Cyclone Gabrielle | cyclone | 12 Feb 2023–16 Feb 2023 | North Island and northern South Island | |
10[62] | Shamrock sailing boat | shipwreck | 1834 | Queen Charlotte Sound | Capsized and sank. Exact location unknown. |
10[63] | Brig Australia | shipwreck | 23 May 1873 | off Cape Campbell | |
10 | White Island sulphur mine | lahar following volcano crater wall collapse | 10 Sep 1914 | Whakaari/White Island | No bodies found.[64][65] |
10[66] | Husky and Argo lost to storm in yacht race | shipwrecks | 21 Jan 1951 | between Wellington and Christchurch | |
10[67] | Aspiring Air Britten-Norman Islander, collided with terrain | air crash | 8 Aug 1989 | Upper Dart Valley |
NOTE: The exact number of deaths in some early New Zealand shipwrecks is not fully recorded. There may be several shipwrecks not listed here which claimed ten or more lives.
Significant incidents resulting in fewer than 10 deaths
[edit]Deaths | Name or description | Type | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 1855 Wairarapa earthquake | earthquake | 23 Jan 1855 | Lake Wairarapa | |
9 | 2010 Fox Glacier FU-24 crash | air accident | 4 Sep 2010 | Fox Glacier | |
7 | 1941 Kowhitirangi shootings | spree killing | 8 Oct 1941–9 Oct 1941 | Kowhitirangi, near Hokitika | four police officers and three civilians killed |
7 | Cyclone Bola | cyclone | 6 Mar 1988–12 Mar 1988 | North Island | |
7 | Mangatepopo Canyon disaster | flood | 15 Apr 2008 | Tongariro National Park | |
7 | 2015 Fox Glacier helicopter crash | air accident | 21 Nov 2015 | Fox Glacier | |
6 | Raurimu massacre | spree killing | 8 Feb 1997 | Raurimu | |
5 | Loafers Lodge fire | fire | 16 May 2023 | Newtown, Wellington | |
4 | Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 | air accident | 9 Jun 1995 | Tararua Range, near Palmerston North | |
4 | 2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods | flood | 27 Jan 2023–2 Feb 2023 | upper North Island | |
3 | 1968 Inangahua earthquake | earthquake | 24 May 1968 | near Inangahua Junction | |
3 | 2023 Auckland shooting | shooting | 20 Jul 2023 | Auckland CBD | |
2 | 1966 Air New Zealand DC-8 crash | air accident | 4 Jul 1966 | near Auckland Airport | |
2 | Air New Zealand Flight 4374 | air accident | 17 Feb 1979 | near Auckland Airport | |
2 | Airwork Flight 23 | air accident | 3 May 2005 | near Stratford | |
2 | 2010 Canterbury earthquake | earthquake | 4 Sep 2010 | near Darfield | |
2 | 2016 Kaikōura earthquake | earthquake | 14 Nov 2016 | near Waiau | |
1 | 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake | earthquake | 2 Mar 1987 | near Edgecumbe |
Pandemics and health crises
[edit]Deaths | Description | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
8,600 | 1918 flu pandemic | 1918 October–December | nationwide | [68] |
3,623[69] | COVID-19 pandemic | 2020 February–ongoing | nationwide | Total deaths attributed to COVID-19 as at 17 December 2023.[69][70] (Statistics updated weekly.) |
713 | HIV/AIDS pandemic | 1983–ongoing | nationwide | As of December 2014.[71] |
69 | 2009 swine flu pandemic | 2009 April–September | nationwide | [72] |
Significant incidents of New Zealanders being killed overseas
[edit]Confirmed Deaths | Name | Type | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
470[73] | Cospatrick | ship lost to fire | 17 Nov 1874 | 640 km south-west of the Cape of Good Hope, en route to Auckland | Only 3 people survived |
100[74] | The Trevelyan (immigrant ship en route from Glasgow) | storm | 3 Jun 1888 | Presumed foundered off the South African coast, en route to Port Chalmers, New Zealand | |
89[75] | Knowsley Hall | shipwreck (presumed) | 1879 | between London and Lyttelton | |
79[76] | Matoaka | shipwreck (presumed) | 1869 | between Lyttelton and London | |
15[77] | 1943 RNZAF Catalina crash | air accident | 5 Jun 1943 | south of Fiji | |
14[78][79] | Pan Am Flight 806 | air accident | 30 Jan 1974 | Pago Pago, American Samoa | Only New Zealand deaths listed |
12[80] | 1945 RNZAF Catalina crash | air accident | 27 Jan 1945 | off Beqa, Fiji | |
10[81] | Bere Ferrers rail accident, train hit NZ troops on tracks by platform | train accident | 24 Sep 1917 | Bere Ferrers, Devon, UK |
See also
[edit]- List of disasters in Antarctica by death toll
- List of disasters in Australia by death toll
- List of disasters in Canada by death toll
- List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland by death toll
- List of earthquakes in New Zealand
- List of massacres in New Zealand
- List of natural disasters in New Zealand
- List of New Zealand-related topics
- List of rail accidents in New Zealand
References
[edit]- ^ Bateman New Zealand Encyclopedia, edition 4 (1995). Article: |earthquake 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake, Hawke's Bay region, Napier
- ^ Welch, Denis (4 February 2006). "Shake, Rattle & Roll". New Zealand Listener (3430): 29–30. A larger death toll of 258 includes two missing, presumed dead.
- ^ "List of deceased – Christchurch earthquake". New Zealand Police. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ^ Waihi Landslide Archived 15 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, GeoNet News, Vol. 2, February 2003, p. 7. Death toll calculated by subtracting death tolls for two later landslides (64 and 1 in 1846 and 1910 respectively) from the total of "more than 200" given for all three.
- ^ The eruption's death toll is uncertain. While 153 is a commonly quoted figure, only 108 named victims have been identified. Death list Archived 4 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Anheizen.com.
- ^ In 2007, the General Manager of the Earthquake Commission said that "... Ngati Hinemihi oral accounts put the death toll in the thousands." David Middleton (2007). A Roof Over Their Heads? The challenge of accommodation following disasters Archived 28 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Five more died before the survivors were rescued 18 months later.
- ^ "Brunner Mine explosion". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ Lamorna Cooper, Hipaua Steaming Cliffs and Little Waihi Landslide, Tephra, Vol. 19, June 2002, 42–47.
- ^ Hura, Elizabeth. "Mananui Te Heuheu Tukino II". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
- ^ The original Wahine death toll was 51; two names were added 22 and 40 years later. Six more people were killed by Cyclone Giselle elsewhere in New Zealand.
- ^ New Zealand Disasters – Mining: Ralph's Mine, Christchurch City Libraries
- ^ a b c d New Zealand disasters timeline, Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
- ^ Great storm of 1868, flash floods and 12 shipwrecks
- ^ a b c d Disasters and Mishaps – Shipwrecks, from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966, updated 18 September 2007.
- ^ Dunedin, which cites W.H. Brett's White Wings: Fifty years of sail in the New Zealand Trade, Vol. I. 1925.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND DISASTERS AND TRAGEDIES – SINKING OF MV KAITAWA – 1966". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ Beswick, Angela. "Pike River: Second explosion, no survivors". 3 News. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND DISASTERS – CLIVE FLOODS – 1897". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ The Wreck of The "Zuleika", Palliser Bay. Quotes from NZ Truth, 16 March 1976.
- ^ Field, Michael (6 March 2012). "1955 Pacific mystery to be finally marked". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ All 25 on board were missing when the boat was found, and are presumed dead.
- ^ "Assaye from England to Auckland 1874". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND DISASTERS – RANUI SINKING – 1950". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ Ryburn, Wayne (1999). Tall Spars, Steamers & Gum. Auckland, N.Z.: Kaipara Publications. p. 230. ISBN 0-473-06176-7.
- ^ "Not many remember the 'Sophia Pate' 1841 Kaipara Harbour". freepages.rootsweb.com.
- ^ New Zealand Disasters – Kopuawhara flood, Christchurch City Libraries.
- ^ "Only deadly NZ tsunami on record hit the Chathams, 150 years ago". Stuff.co.nz. 13 August 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ "ASN Accident Description (RNZAF [NZ3526])". Aviation Safety Network. 24 September 1945. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ New Zealand Disasters – Strongman Mine Explosion, Christchurch City Libraries.
- ^ Rotorua. Terrible boat disaster — Eighteen natives drowned, Daily Southern Cross| volume=XXVI| issue=3953, 23 April 1870, Page 4
- ^ Clyde, Dive New Zealand Magazine.
- ^ Casualties, Evening Star | issue=11329, 25 August 1900, Page 8
- ^ "Sad boating disaster". The Daily Telegraph. No. 9835. 7 August 1900. p. 5. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
- ^ "New Zealand Historical Data – Ship "Tauranga"". Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
- ^ Ingram, C. W. N., and Wheatley, P. O., (1936) Shipwrecks: New Zealand disasters 1795–1936. Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Book Publishing Association. pp. 170–171.
- ^ The Lastingham Wreck, Paul's Dive Planet.
- ^ Eileen McSaveney, Historic earthquakes – The 1929 Arthur's Pass and Murchison earthquakes, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 21 September 2007. Accessed 2008-01-05.
- ^ Livingstone, Bob (1998). Under the Southern Cross: The B-24 Liberator in the South Pacific. Turner. p. 115. ISBN 1-56311-432-1.
- ^ Whananaki Coastal Walk
- ^ Disasters and Mishaps – Shipwrecks – Holmglen, from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966, updated 18 September 2007.
- ^ New Zealand Disasters – Brynderwyns bus accident, Christchurch City Libraries.
- ^ "The Derry Castle". Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
- ^ Weekly Feature – Early settler had leading role Archived 2 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Wairarapa Times-Age, 17 May 2003.
- ^ Disastrous flood at the Hutt - 14 lives lost, Daily Southern Cross, 16 February 1858, Page 3
- ^ McLintock, A. H., ed. (1966). "Pre-war and Wartime Accidents". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
- ^ [13 murder victims plus perpetrator]
- ^ Disasters and Mishaps – Shipwrecks – Ventnor, from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966, updated 18 September 2007. The cargo included the remains of 499 Chinese miners who had died in NZ and whose remains were being repatriated. The wreck was discovered in December 2012.102-year-old SS Ventnor shipwreck mystery revealed.
- ^ "Wreck of the Alcmène – Shipwrecks – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand".
- ^ Wreck information Archived 5 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Quay Stuff.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND DISASTERS – OCTAGON FIRE, DUNEDIN – 1879". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND DISASTERS – BARQUE LIZZIE BELL SINKING – 1901". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ^ Three more died before being rescued.
- ^ "The Rio Loge". Press. Wellington. Press Association. 13 February 1909. p. 11. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Supposed Hull of Rio Loge". Poverty Bay Herald. 22 February 1909. p. 5. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Stacey Wood; Greer McDonald (11 February 2009). "Search for wreck of Penguin". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Eight destructive New Zealand storms, Marilynn McLachlan, New Zealand Herald, Auckland, 4:00 PM Friday 14 March 2014 Retrieved 26 January 2016
- ^ Sherwood, Alan & Phillips, Jock. "Coal and coal mining". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
- ^ Lomas, David (10 April 2010). "Secret deaths". The New Zealand Listener. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
- ^ "Hot air balloon crash near Carterton kills 11". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
- ^ "Cyclone Gabrielle updates: Death toll rises, half of uncontactable reports resolved". Radio New Zealand. 19 February 2023.
- ^ Add them to the list: Underwater survey discovers new wrecks in Marlborough Sounds, Oliver Lewis, Stuff.co.nz, Last updated 12:42, 1 September 2017, retrieved 1 September 2017
- ^ "Loss of the brig Australia, at Cape Campbell". Grey River Argus. 7 June 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Boast, Richard P. (November 1993). "Whakaari (White Island) and Motuhora (Whale Island). A report to the Waitangi Tribunal" (PDF). Ministry of Justice. New Zealand Government. pp. 50–51. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Grenfell, Hugh (16 June 2015). "The 1914 White Island/Whakaari mining disaster". Auckland War Memorial Museum - Tāmaki Paenga Hira. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Yacht Wrecked in Ocean Race". The Press. 29 January 1951. p. 6. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
- ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
- ^ "Epidemic | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". Nzhistory.net.nz. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b "COVID-19: Current cases - COVID-19 cases summary". www.health.govt.nz. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health NZ. 19 December 2023. COVID-19 cases summary. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ "COVID-19 Active Cases in New Zealand - Deceased". covid19map.co.nz. Global Risk Consulting Group (GRC). 19 December 2023. Deceased. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ "UNAIDS Country Progress Report New Zealand: Reporting Period: January 2014 – December 2014" (PDF). April 2015. p. 13. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ Gosset, Katy; Journalist (17 March 2020). "Swine Flu 2009/2010". RNZ. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ^ John Wilson, The voyage out – Fire on the Cospatrick, from Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 21 September 2007. Accessed 2008-05-20.
- ^ The Mercury newspaper (Hobart, Australia), [1], Tuesday 30 October 1888
- ^ Board of Trade Wreck Report for 'Knowsley Hall', 1880[usurped], Board of Trade, 1880. Accessed 21 May 2008.
- ^ The Missing New Zealand Ship 'MATOAKA', which cites The Times, London, 22 March 1870, page 9. Accessed 21 May 2008.
- ^ "ASN Accident Description (RNZAF [NZ4006])". Aviation Safety Network. 5 June 1943. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "ASN Accident Description (Pan Am-806)". Aviation Safety Network. 30 January 1974. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "Crash Investigation Underway". News Bulletin. Pago Pago, American Samoa. 1 February 1974. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "ASN Accident Description (RNZAF [NZ4022])". Aviation Safety Network. 27 January 1945. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Devon – BBC News". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
External links
[edit]- New Zealand disasters timeline, Ministry for Culture and Heritage
- Natural hazards and disasters, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
- Shipwrecks, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand