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List of countries with overseas military bases

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This is a list of countries with overseas military bases.

Background

[edit]
A photograph of the Camp Humphreys military base in South Korea on the other side of a river, showing six buildings of seven-storey dorm barracks on the left, and shorter wider buildings under construction on the right. Five cranes complete the skyline with a forested mountain range in the distance.
Camp Humphreys, the largest United States overseas military base by population, with a combined military and civilian population of 40,000.
An aerial view of Pituffik Space Base in Greenland, taken in the 1980s when it was named Thule Air Base, showing a large runway and surrounding track, and a coastal town of one-storey buildings, with two ships backgrounded by sea ice.
Pituffik Space Base, the largest United States overseas military base by area, at 66,000 hectares.[1]

The establishment of military bases abroad enables a country to project power, e.g. to conduct expeditionary warfare, and thereby to influence events abroad. Depending on their size and infrastructure, they can be used as staging areas or for logistical, communications and intelligence support. Many conflicts throughout modern history have resulted in overseas military bases being established in large numbers by world powers; and these bases have helped the countries that have established them to achieve political and military goals.

The United Kingdom and other colonial powers established overseas military bases in many of their colonies during the First and Second World Wars, where useful, and actively sought rights to facilities where needed for strategic reasons. At one time, the establishment of coaling stations for naval ships was important. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union established military bases where they could within their respective spheres of influence, and actively sought influence where needed. More recently, the War on Terror has resulted in overseas military bases being established in the Middle East.

While the overall number of overseas military bases has fallen since 1945, the United States, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Russia and France still possess or utilize a substantial number of them. Smaller numbers of overseas military bases are operated by China, Iran, India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.

The United States is the largest operator of military bases abroad, with 38 "named bases"[note 1] with active duty, national guard, reserve, or civilian personnel as of September 30, 2014. Its largest, in terms of personnel, was Ramstein AB in Germany, with almost 9,200 personnel.[2][note 2]

Australia

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Country Location Details
 Malaysia Butterworth Air Base Use by Australia's Commitment to the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA).[3] In addition, the Australian Army maintains an infantry designated company (Rifle Company Butterworth) at Butterworth, Malaysia for training purposes.
 United Arab Emirates Al Minhad Air Base Used by Australian operations in the Middle East.

Bangladesh

[edit]
Country Details
 Kuwait a Bangladesh Military Contingent (BMC) has resided in Kuwait since the end of the 1991 Gulf War to assist the Kuwait Military Forces in logistics and other sectors under a bilateral agreement.[4][5][6][7]

China

[edit]
Country Location Details
 Cuba Bejucal Listening station[8][9][10]
 Djibouti Djibouti City People's Liberation Army Support Base[11]
 Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Military post[12][13]
 Cambodia Sihanoukville Province Ream Naval Base[14][15][16]

France

[edit]
Main article: Overseas military bases of France
Country Location Details
 Germany French Forces and Civilian Elements stationed in Germany (FFECSA)
 Djibouti Djibouti French forces in Djibouti[17][18]
 Ivory Coast French forces in Ivory Coast (FFCI)[17][18]
 Gabon French elements in Gabon (EFG)[17][18]
 Senegal French elements in Sénégal (EFS)[17][18]
 Chad N'Djamena Air Force Base
 Iraq Baghdad Opération Chammal
 Jordan Prince Hassan Air Base as part of Opération Chammal
 United Arab Emirates Naval Base in Abu Dhabi.[17][18]

Germany

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Country Location Details
 France Illkirch-Graffenstaden Light Infantry Battalion 291, part of the Franco-German Brigade
 Lithuania Rūdninkai [lt] Construction underway, from 2025 onwards hosting Armoured Brig

Greece

[edit]
Country Location Details
 Cyprus Nicosia Hellenic Force in Cyprus.[19]

India

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Main article: Overseas military bases of India
Country Location Details
 Tajikistan Farkhor Air Base and Ayni Air Base[20][21][22]
 Bhutan Haa and Thimphu The Indian Military Training Team (IMTRAT) is permanently stationed in western Bhutan and the Indian Army also maintains a detachment in the capital city of Thimphu.[23]
 Madagascar A listening post and a radar facility in northern Madagascar[24][25]
 Oman Ras al Hadd and Muscat A listening post and berthing rights for the Indian Navy.[26]
 Mauritius Agaléga India has been funding the construction of 3000 m long airfield with associated facilities to house troops.[27]
 Seychelles Mahe, Alphonse, Farquhar, Astove and Assumption Island Indian government supported construction of system with six coastal surveillance radars which are linked to the Indian surveillance system.[28][29][30][31]

Iran

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Country Location Details
 Syria Al-Kiswah and Abu Kamal A military base[32] and several facilities[33]
 Iraq Al Anbar and Salah al-Din Military facilities and training base of supported militias
 Lebanon Beqaa and Beirut Governorate A military training facility and several military installations[34]
 Tajikistan Military facilities and drone factories[35]

Israel

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Country Location Details
 Syria Machne Yarden, Camp Filon and Camp Yitzhak[36] Israeli-occupied territories in the Golan Heights

Italy

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Country Location Details
 Djibouti Djibouti National Military Support Base.[37]
 Niger Niamey National Military Support Base.[38]

Japan

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Country Location Details
 Djibouti Ambouli Japan Self-Defense Force Base Djibouti[39]

Pakistan

[edit]
Main article: Pakistan Armed Forces deployments
Country Location Details
 Saudi Arabia Tabuk 1,180 personnel and other bases in permanent training and advisory roles, under a 1982 agreement.[40][41][42][43]

Russia

[edit]
  Jurisdictions with Russian Armed Forces bases, facilities and troops
Main article: List of Russian military bases abroad
Country Location Details
 Armenia Gyumri 102nd Military Base and 3624th Airbase
 Belarus Baranavichy and Vileyka Hantsavichy Radar Station, Vileyka naval communication centre
 Burkina Faso [44]
 Central African Republic Joint Russo-CAR training base in Berengo[45][46][47]
 Georgia 4th Military Base and 7th Military Base in the occupied regions of disputed South Ossetia and Abkhazia
 Kazakhstan Sary Shagan range, Baikonur Cosmodrome
 Kyrgyzstan Kant Air Base 338th naval communication centre, 954th torpedo testing range and a seismograph
 Libya Tobruk and Benghazi Russian troops deployed during the Libyan civil war[citation needed]
 Mali [48]
 Moldova Cobasna A sizeable military force in the unrecognised state of Transnistria. These forces guard Cobasna ammunition depot.[49]
 Niger Russian forces moved into bases previously used by U.S forces after the military leaders of Niger forced them out[50]
 Syria Tartus and Khmeimim Air Base and Shayrat Air Base [51]
 Tajikistan Dushanbe 201st Military Base
 Ukraine Sevastopol Naval Base[52] Russian-occupied territories[53]

Saudi Arabia

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Country Location Details
 Bahrain Saudi Arabian military presence in Bahrain since the Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain in 2011 as part of the Peninsula Shield Force - the military arm of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The units sent from Saudi Arabia included 1,000 (1,200)[54] troops along with 150 vehicles. Saudi Arabian soldiers were apparently from the Saudi Arabian National Guard, commanded by a son of King Abdullah, Prince Miteb.[55]
 Djibouti Military base.[56][57][58]
 Yemen Al Mahrah, Hadhramaut, Ma'rib, Abyan, Al Hudaydah and Taiz Several military bases and facilities.[citation needed]

Singapore

[edit]
Country/Territory Location Details
 Brunei Jalan Aman Camp
 Taiwan Hengchun, Douliu, Hukou,[59] Taichung International Airport
 Thailand[60] Sai Yok Camp

Turkey

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Country Location Details
 Albania Pasha Liman Base 24 troops and 2 frigates.[61] An Albanian-Turkish military cooperation agreement was signed in 1992 that encompassed rebuilding Albania's Pasha Liman Base by Turkey alongside granted access for Turkish use.[62]
 Sudan Suakin, Khartoum On 17 January 2018, as part of a rapprochement with Sudan, Turkey was granted a 99-year lease over Suakin island.[63][64] Turkey plans to restore the ruined Ottoman port city on the island.[65]
 Azerbaijan Nasosnaya Air Base,Gizil Sherg, Joint Russian-Turkish Monitoring Centre Buildings and structures in Gizil Sherg military town, and one terminal building located in the airfield in Hacı Zeynalabdin settlement called Nasosnaya Air Base.[66] An observation base was also built by Turkey in the Nagorno-Karabakh region after the 44-day 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. The base was established under the name "Ceasefire Observation Center", and officially started to operate in January 2021 with 60 Turkish and Russian soldiers stationed at the base.[67]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Fatih Sultan Mehmet Barracks Under EUROFOR Operation Althea 242 troops, previously under Implementation Force and Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina stationed at Mehmet The Conqueror Barracks.[68][69]
 Iraq Disputed territories of northern Iraq: Bashiqa and Bamarni Air Base Turkey has signed agreement with Iraq which includes allowing the Turkish army to pursue elements of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in northern Iraq, with the permission of, and in coordination with the Federal Government of Iraq. It also includes opening two liaison offices between Baghdad and Ankara to exchange intelligence and security information between the two countries.[70][71] As of 2020, Turkey has a military base with 2,000 personnel garrisoned with around 60 tanks, Armoured personnel carriers and one commando battalion.[72][73] Turkey has more than 40+ military and intelligence bases scattered all around Iraq, the most out of any country.[74] There are plans to build a new base in the Metina area of Duhok governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan Region as of April 2021.[75][76] In total, Turkey has stationed around 5,000 to 10,000 soldiers in Iraq.[77][78]
 Kosovo Prizren: Sultan Murat Kışlası, Mamusha An estimated 321 troops serve in the Kosovo Security Battalion command for UNMIK mission and KFOR peacekeeping force's.[69][79][80][81]
 Libya Tripolitania: al-Watiya, Mitiga,Misrata and Zwara[82] The number of Turkish soldiers stationed in Libya is unknown.[78]
 Cyprus Northern Cyprus A total of 35,000 to 40,000 armed forces of Turkey are currently in active duty Cyprus Turkish Peace Force Command in the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.[78]
 Qatar Doha: Katar TSK Kara Unsur Komutanlığı 5,000 personnel.[83][84][85][86]
 Somalia Mogadishu: Camp TURKSOM 2,000 personnels.[78]
 Syria Turkish occupation of northern Syria: Al-Bab, Al-Rai, Akhtarin, Afrin, Jindires, Rajo and Jarablus 5,000 personnel in Euphrates Shield and Olive Branch regions. New bases were followed at south of Afrin canton in Atme and Darat Izza[87] There are 114 Turkish bases in Syria as of January 2022.[88] After operation Peace Spring, approximately 6,400 personnel are working around the Peace Spring region between Ras al-Ayn and Tell Abyad. 19 observation points are settled around Idlib and Aleppo Province.[89] Altogether, there are an estimated 10,500 Turkish soldiers and 250 tanks stationed in Turkish occupation of northern Syria. These numbers are constantly subject to modifications.[78]

United Arab Emirates

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Country Location Details
 Libya Al-Khadim Airport near Marj. A forward operating base[90][91]
 Yemen Socotra and Perim Partial military base and air base at.[92][93]

United Kingdom

[edit]
Main article: Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom
Some of the major military bases and facilities of the United Kingdom.
Country Location Details
 Belize Price Barracks, Ladyville British Army Training and Support Unit Belize[94]
 Brunei Seria British Forces Brunei[95]
 Canada CFB Suffield British Army Training Unit Suffield
 Cyprus Troodos Mountains in Cyprus British Forces Cyprus
 Germany Westfalen Garrison British Army Germany[96]
 Kenya Nanyuki British Army Training Unit Kenya[97]
   Nepal Pokhara Camp, Dharan Station[98][99] British Gurkhas Nepal
 Norway Bardufoss Air Station[100] and Camp Viking[101] which opened in 2023.
 Oman Duqm Omani-British Joint Training Area and the UK Joint Logistics Support Base
 Qatar RAF Al Udeid[102]
 Sierra Leone Leicester Peak IMATT HQ[103]
 Singapore Sembawang Naval Base British Defence Singapore Support Unit[18][104]
 United Arab Emirates Al Minhad Air Base Donnelly Lines

United States

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Main article: List of United States military bases
See also: List of wars involving the United States
Countries with United States military bases and facilities

The U.S. military maintains hundreds of military installations, both inside the United States and overseas (with at least 128 military bases in 55 countries and territories, as of July 2024). Some American bases are also NATO-led with forces from multiple countries. According to the U.S. Army, Camp Humphreys in South Korea is the largest overseas base in terms of area.[105] Most of foreign military installations are located in NATO countries, Middle East countries, South Korea and Japan.

Countries with U.S. bases include:

Africa

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Country Location Details
 Cameroon Cameroonian Air Force Base 301, Contingency Location Garoua The base is used to support military operations against Boko Haram.[106] Approximately 200 personnel work at the site.
 Chad Camp Tassone, N'Djamena U.S. drone base in Chad.[107]
 Djibouti Camp Lemonnier, CSL Chabelley Camp Lemonnier is the largest U.S. base in Africa with more than 4,000 military personnel.[108]
 Egypt South Camp, Task Force Sinai The Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) is an international peacekeeping force overseeing the terms of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.
 Kenya Camp Simba Second largest U.S. base in Africa. Over 600 U.S. military personnel work at Camp Simba.[109]
 Seychelles United States drone base in Seychelles Surveillance of Al-Shabaab over Somalia.
 Somalia Baledogle Airfield Primarily used by the United States, AMISOM and the Somali National Army as a base for conducting counterinsurgency and drone operations in the country. Approximately 450 U.S. troops remain in Somalia as of July 2024.[110]
 Tunisia Bizerte-Sidi Ahmed Air Base U.S. drone base in Tunisia.[111][112]

Americas

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Country Location Details
 Aruba (Netherlands) Queen Beatrix International Airport Cooperative Security Location of U.S. Southern Command
 Ascension Island (UK) Ascension Island Auxiliary Airfield The facility is home to a U.S. Space Force ground tracking station in support of the Eastern Range and rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.
 Bahamas Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center AUTEC is a laboratory that performs integrated three-dimensional hydrospace/aerospace trajectory measurements covering the entire spectrum of undersea simulated warfare. Its mission is to assist in establishing and maintaining naval ability of the United States through testing, evaluation, and underwater research.
NATO Canada CFB North Bay North Bay's air force base is the centre for the air defence of the entire Canada, and works in concert with the United States via NORAD for the air defence of Canada-U.S. portion of the North American continent.
 Cuba Guantanamo Bay Naval Base The military facility has over 8,500 U.S. sailors and Marines stationed there.
 Curaçao (Netherlands) Curaçao International Airport U.S. Air Force Forward Operating Base
 El Salvador El Salvador International Airport Cooperative Security Location of U.S. Southern Command
NATO Greenland (Denmark) Pituffik Space Base Around 150 people are stationed at Pituffik. The U.S. Space Force's northernmost base, and the northernmost installation of the U.S. Armed Forces. The base is home to a substantial portion of the global network of missile warning sensors of Space Delta 4, and space surveillance and space control sensors of Space Delta 2, providing space awareness and advanced missile detection capabilities to North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), the United States Space Force, and joint partners.
 Honduras Soto Cano Air Base Soto Cano Air Base houses 1,200–1,500 U.S. troops and is also used by the Honduran Air Force academy.

Asia

[edit]
Country Location Details
 Bahrain Naval Support Activity Bahrain; Isa Air Base Naval Support Activity Bahrain is home to approximately 8,500 military personnel. The mission of NSA Bahrain is to provide Operational Support to U.S. and Coalition Forces operating throughout the United States Central Command area of responsibility.[113]
 British Indian Ocean Territory (UK) Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia, Camp Thunder Cove United States forces have used Diego Garcia since at least the mid-1960s, under lease from the United Kingdom. The island has port facilities and an airstrip capable of handling large aircraft. Currently, 1,700 military personnel reside there.
 Iraq Al Asad Airbase[114] See also: List of United States military installations in Iraq
 Israel Dimona Radar Facility[115] A radar facility near Dimona, owned and operated by the United States.
 Japan United States Forces Japan There are 54,000 U.S. military personnel based in Japan – the highest number stationed anywhere overseas.[116]
 Jordan Muwaffaq Salti Air Base Jordan hosts about 3,000 American troops.[117] Muwaffaq Salti Air Base is reported to host several MQ-9 Reaper drones, based on satellite imagery.[118] The base is partly operated by the 407th Air Expeditionary Group.[119][120]
 Kuwait Ali Al Salem Air Base; Camp Arifjan; Camp Buehring; Kuwait Naval Base Approximately 13,500 U.S. forces are based in Kuwait, primarily at Camp Arifjan and Ali al-Salem Air Base.[121]
 Oman RAFO Masirah; RAFO Thumrait (South of Oman)[citation needed]
 Qatar Al Udeid Air Base Al Udeid Air Base is the biggest U.S. military installation in the Middle East and can house more than 10,000 U.S. troops.[122]
 Saudi Arabia Prince Sultan Air Base[123] More than 2,700 U.S. forces are stationed at the Prince Sultan Air Base.[124][125]
 Singapore Paya Lebar Air Base, Changi Naval Base, Changi Air Base Singapore hosts more than 800 U.S. military personnel.[126]
 South Korea United States Forces Korea Approximately 28,500 U.S. troops are based in South Korea.
 Syria Military base in Al-Tanf and several facilities in northern Syria, within U.S.-backed SDF territory[127] Approximately 900 U.S. troops remain in Syria. [128][129]
 Thailand U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield[130] The extent of the US presence here is disputed but according to Politico, the Pentagon rents space from a contractor at U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield, allowing officials to say there's no official "base."[130]
 United Arab Emirates Al Dhafra Air Base The UAE hosts 5,000 US military personnel at Al Dhafra Air Base.[131]

Europe

[edit]
Country Location Details
NATO Albania SOCEUR base under construction in Tirana[132][133][134]
NATO Belgium Chièvres Air Base; Kleine Brogel Air Base
 Bosnia and Herzegovina NATO Headquarters Sarajevo[135]
NATO Bulgaria Aitos Logistics Center; Bezmer Air Base; Graf Ignatievo Air Base; Novo Selo Range
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) RAF Akrotiri
NATO Estonia Ämari Air Base
NATO Germany U.S. Military Installations in Germany; Panzer Kaserne; Ramstein Air Base; Spangdahlem Air Base; Baumholder Army Post; Landstuhl Regional Medical Center; Sembach Army Post;
NATO Greece Alexandroupoli Army Base, Larisa Air Base, Araxos Air Base, Syros base, Souda Bay Naval Base
NATO Iceland Naval Air Station Keflavík
NATO Italy Caserma Ederle-Caserma Del Din; Darby Military Community; Naval Air Station Sigonella; Naval Support Activity Naples; Aviano Air Base
 Kosovo Camp Bondsteel
NATO Lithuania Camp Herkus, Pabradė[136]
NATO Netherlands Volkel Air Base; USCG Activities Europe
NATO Norway Marine Corps garrison at Værnes Air Station
NATO Poland Camp Kościuszko; Powidz Air Base; Łask Air Base; NSF Redzikowo
NATO Portugal Lajes Field
NATO Romania Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base; Câmpia Turzii Air Base; Deveselu Military Base
NATO Spain Morón Air Base; Naval Station Rota
NATO Turkey Incirlik Air Base, Izmir Air Station, Kürecik Radar Station, Ankara Support Facility
NATO United Kingdom RAF Alconbury; RAF Croughton; RAF Fairford; RAF Lakenheath; RAF Menwith Hill; RAF Mildenhall; RAF Welford

Oceania

[edit]
Country Location Details
 Australia Pine Gap; Marine Rotational Force – Darwin[137] Pine Gap consist of a massive computer complex with 38 radomes protecting radio dishes[138] and operates with over 800 employees.[139] The location is strategically significant because it controls United States spy satellites as they pass over one-third of the globe, including China, North Korea, the Asian parts of Russia, and the Middle East.[138] Central Australia was chosen because it was too remote for spy ships passing in international waters to intercept its signals.[140]: p 45–46 [141]: p xxi 

One of its roles is to detect and geolocate the source of electronic signals, such as those emitted by mobile phones. This information is used by the US military to identify and geolocate targets of interest, which it can then attack using special forces or lethal unmanned drones, for example.[142]

 Marshall Islands Kwajalein Airfield, Kwajalein Atoll United States Army airfield, the entirety of Kwajalein Atoll is a military base.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ What are here termed "named bases" are the bases listed in section X: "Personnel Data from DMDC", i.e. excluding that table's rows labelled "Other", in the 2015 DoD Base Structure Report.
  2. ^ The 2015 U.S. Base Structure Report gives 587 overseas sites, but sites are merely real property at a distinct geographical location, and multiple sites may belong to one installation (page DoD-3). For example, the Garmisch, Germany "named base" with its 72 personnel has eight distinct sites large enough to be listed in the Army's Individual Service Inventory list: Artillery Kaserne, Breitenau Skeet Range, Garmisch Family Housing, Garmish Golf Course, General Abrams Hotel And Disp, Hausberg Ski Area, Oberammergau NATO School, and Sheridan Barracks (listed in Army-15 to Army-17). These range in size from Ramstein AB with 9,188 active, guard/reserve, and civilian personnel down to Worms, which has just one civilian.

References

[edit]
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Further reading

[edit]
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