List of birds of New Mexico

The greater roadrunner is the state bird of New Mexico.

This list of birds of New Mexico are the species documented in the U.S. state of New Mexico and accepted by the New Mexico Bird Records Committee (NMBRC). As of August 2022, 552 species were included in the official list. Of them, 176 are on the review list (see below), five species have been introduced to North America, and three have been extirpated. An additional extirpated species has been added from another source. An accidental species has also been added from a different source.

This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in New Mexico as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. These tags are used to annotate some species:

• (R) Review list - birds that if seen require more comprehensive documentation than regularly seen species. These birds are considered irregular or rare in New Mexico.
• (I) Introduced - a species established in North America as a result of human action
• (Ex) Extirpated - a species no longer found in New Mexico but which exists elsewhere

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Canada goose

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. Thirty-nine species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black-bellied whistling-duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (R)
• Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (R)
• Snow goose, Anser caerulescens
• Ross's goose, Anser rossii
• Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
• Brant, Branta bernicla (R)
• Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii
• Canada goose, Branta canadensis
• Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator (R)
• Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
• Wood duck, Aix sponsa
• Garganey, Spatula querquedula (R)
• Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors
• Cinnamon teal, Spatula cyanoptera
• Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
• Gadwall, Mareca strepera
• Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope (R)
• American wigeon, Mareca americana
• Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
• Mexican duck, Anas diazi
• Northern pintail, Anas acuta
• Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
• Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
• Redhead, Aythya americana
• Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
• Greater scaup, Aythya marila
• Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
• Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus (R)
• Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata
• White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi (R)
• Black scoter, Melanitta americana (R)
• Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis (R)
• Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
• Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
• Barrow's goldeneye, Bucephala islandica
• Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus
• Common merganser, Mergus merganser
• Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
• Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis

New World quail

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. Four species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus
• Scaled quail, Callipepla squamata
• Gambel's quail, Callipepla gambelii
• Montezuma quail, Cyrtonyx montezumae

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. Seven species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo
• White-tailed ptarmigan, Lagopus leucurus
• Gunnison sage-grouse, Centrocercus minimus (Ex) (R)
• Dusky grouse, Dendragapus obscurus
• Sharp-tailed grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus (Ex) (R)
• Lesser prairie-chicken, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
• Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I)

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. Six species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
• Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
• Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena (R)
• Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
• Western grebe, Aechmorphorus occidentalis
• Clark's grebe, Aechmorphorus clarkii

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. Eight species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
• Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
• Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I)
• Inca dove, Columbina inca
• Common ground dove, Columbina passerina
• Ruddy ground dove, Columbina talpacoti (R)
• White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica
• Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites. Four species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris (R)
• Greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus
• Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
• Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (R)

Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves. Seven species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
• Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
• Common poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
• Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis (R)
• Buff-collared nightjar, Antrostomus ridgwayi (R)
• Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus (R)
• Mexican whip-poor-will, Antrostomus arizonae

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have very long, swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. Four species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black swift, Cypseloides niger
• Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica
• Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi (R)
• White-throated swift, Aeronautes saxatalis

Hummingbirds

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. Seventeen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus (R)
• Rivoli's hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens
• Blue-throated mountain-gem, Lampornis clemenciae (R)
• Lucifer hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer
• Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris (R)
• Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri
• Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna
• Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae (R)
• Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope
• Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus
• Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin (R)
• Broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus
• Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris
• White-eared hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis (R)
• Violet-crowned hummingbird, Leucolia violiceps
• Berylline hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina (R)
• Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila (R)

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and tend to be weak fliers. Ten species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Rufous-necked wood-rail, Aramides axillaris (R)
• Clapper rail, Rallus crepitans (R)
• King rail, Rallus elegans (R)
• Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
• Sora, Porzana carolina
• Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
• American coot, Fulica americana
• Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (R)
• Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis (R)
• Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis (R)

Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica (R)

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis
• Common crane, Grus grus (R)

Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
• American avocet, Recurvirostra americana

Plovers and lapwings

Killdeer

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. Eight species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
• European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria (R)
• American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (R)
• Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
• Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
• Piping plover, Charadrius melodus (R)
• Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus
• Mountain plover, Charadrius montanus

Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. Thirty-five species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda
• Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
• Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus
• Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica (R)
• Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
• Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres (R)
• Black turnstone, Arenaria melanocephala (R)
• Red knot, Calidris canutus (R)
• Ruff, Calidris pugnax (R)
• Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (R)
• Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
• Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (R)
• Sanderling, Calidris alba
• Dunlin, Calidris alpina
• Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
• Little stint, Calidris minuta (R)
• Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
• White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
• Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (R)
• Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
• Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
• Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
• Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus (R)
• Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
• American woodcock, Scolopax minor (R)
• Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
• Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius
• Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
• Wandering tattler, Tringa incana (R)
• Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
• Willet, Tringa semipalmata
• Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
• Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
• Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
• Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (R)

Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas and jaegers are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers. Three species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (R)
• Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (R)
• Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (R)

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

The family Alcidae includes auks, murres, and puffins. These are short winged birds that live on the open sea and normally only come ashore for breeding. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix (R)
• Ancient murrelet, Synthliboarmphus antiquus (R)

Gulls, terns and skimmers

Ring-billed gull

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes jaegers, skuas, gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Twenty-nine species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla (R)
• Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
• Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia
• Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (R)
• Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (R)
• Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
• Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris (R)
• Heermann's gull, Larus heermanni (R)
• Short-billed gull, Larus brachyrhynchus (R)
• Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis
• Western gull, Larus occidentalis (R)
• Yellow-footed gull, Larus livens (R)
• California gull, Larus californicus
• Herring gull, Larus argentatus
• Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (R)
• Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
• Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens (R)
• Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (R)
• Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (R)
• Least tern, Sternula antillarum
• Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (R)
• Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
• Black tern, Chlidonias niger
• Common tern, Sterna hirundo
• Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea (R)
• Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri
• Royal tern, Thalasseus maxima (R)
• Elegant tern, Thalasseus elegans (R)
• Black skimmer, Rynchops niger (R)

Loons

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body. Four species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata (R)
• Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
• Common loon, Gavia immer
• Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii (R)

Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Least storm-petrel, Hydrobates microsoma (R)

Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Wood stork, Mycteria americana (R)

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (R)

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii (R)
• Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (R)

Anhingas

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga (R)

Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum
• Neotropic cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
• Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Great blue heron

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills. Twelve species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
• Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis
• Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
• Great egret, Ardea alba
• Snowy egret, Egretta thula
• Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea (R)
• Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor
• Reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (R)
• Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
• Green heron, Butorides virescens
• Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
• Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. Four species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• White ibis, Eudocimus albus (R)
• Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (R)
• White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi
• Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja (R)

New World vultures

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers, however, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses. Three species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• California condor, Gymnogyps californianus (accidental)
• Black vulture, Coragyps atratus (R)
• Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.

• Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Red-tailed hawk

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. Twenty-one species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus
• Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus (R)
• Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
• Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius
• Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
• Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
• American goshawk, Accipiter atricapillus
• Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
• Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis
• Common black hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus
• Harris's hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus
• White-tailed hawk, Buteo albicaudatus (R)
• Gray hawk, Buteo plagiatus (R)
• Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus (R)
• Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
• Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus (R)
• Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
• Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus
• Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
• Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
• Ferruginous hawk, Buteo regalis

Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Barn owl, Tyto alba

Owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. Fourteen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Flammulated owl, Psiloscops flammeolus
• Whiskered screech-owl, Megascops trichopsis (R)
• Western screech-owl, Megascops kennicottii
• Eastern screech-owl, Megascops asio (R)
• Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
• Northern pygmy-owl, Glaucidium gnoma
• Elf owl, Micrathene whitneyi
• Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia
• Spotted owl, Strix occidentalis
• Barred owl, Strix varia (R)
• Long-eared owl, Asio otus
• Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
• Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus (R)
• Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus

Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Elegant trogon, Trogon elegans (R)
• Eared quetzal, Euptilotis neoxenus (R)

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon
• Green kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana (R)

Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. Sixteen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Lewis's woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis
• Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
• Acorn woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus
• Gila woodpecker, Melanerpes uropygialis
• Golden-fronted woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons (R)
• Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus (R)
• Williamson's sapsucker, Sphyrapicus thyroideus
• Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
• Red-naped sapsucker, Sphyrapicus nuchalis
• Red-breasted sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber (R)
• American three-toed woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis
• Downy woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens
• Ladder-backed woodpecker, Dryobates scalaris
• Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus
• Arizona woodpecker, Dryobates arizonae
• Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus

Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. Six species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Crested caracara, Caracara plancus (R)
• American kestrel, Falco sparverius
• Merlin, Falco columbarius
• Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis (R)
• Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
• Prairie falcon, Falco mexicanus

New World and African parrots

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

• Thick-billed parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Ex)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. Thirty-two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Northern beardless-tyrannulet, Camptostoma imberbe
• Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer
• Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens
• Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus
• Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus
• Great kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus (R)
• Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, Myiodynnastes luteiventris (R)
• Piratic flycatcher, Legatus leucophaius (R)
• Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus (R)
• Couch's kingbird, Tyrannus couchii (R)
• Cassin's kingbird, Tyrannus vociferans
• Thick-billed kingbird, Tyrannus crassirostris
• Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis
• Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
• Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus
• Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi
• Greater pewee, Contopus pertinax
• Western wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus
• Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens (R)
• Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris (R)
• Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens (R)
• Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii
• Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
• Hammond's flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii
• Gray flycatcher, Empidonax wrightii
• Dusky flycatcher, Empidonax oberholseri
• Western flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis (R)
• Buff-breasted flycatcher, Empidonax fulvifrons (R)
• Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans
• Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe
• Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya
• Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. Thirteen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black-capped vireo, Vireo atricapilla (R)
• White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus
• Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii
• Gray vireo, Vireo vicinior
• Hutton's vireo, Vireo huttoni
• Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
• Cassin's vireo, Vireo cassinii
• Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
• Plumbeous vireo, Vireo plumbeus
• Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus (R)
• Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus
• Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus
• Yellow-green vireo, Vireo flavoviridis (R)

Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus
• Northern shrike, Lanius borealis

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Eleven species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Canada jay, Perisoreus canadensis
• Pinyon jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
• Steller's jay, Cyanocitta stelleri
• Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata
• Woodhouse's scrub-jay, Aphelocoma woodhouseii
• Mexican jay, Aphelocoma wollweberi
• Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana
• Black-billed magpie, Pica hudsonia
• American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
• Chihuahuan raven, Corvus cryptoleucus
• Common raven, Corvus corax

Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a family of small passerine birds, related to the true tits. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. Six species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapilla
• Mountain chickadee, Poecile gambeli
• Mexican chickadee, Poecile sclateri
• Bridled titmouse, Baeolophus wollweberi
• Juniper titmouse, Baeolophus ridgwayi
• Black-crested titmouse, Baeolophus atricristatus (R)

Larks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

Swallows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. Eight species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
• Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
• Violet-green swallow, Tachycineta thalassina
• Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
• Purple martin, Progne subis
• Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
• Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
• Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva

Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus

Kinglets

Ruby-crowned kinglet

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their names. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula
• Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa

Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. Two species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus (R)
• Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

Silky-flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ptiliogonatidae

The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America, although the range of one species extends to central California. They are related to waxwings and like that group, have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow. They have small crests. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. Three species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
• White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis
• Pygmy nuthatch, Sitta pygmaea

Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Brown creeper, Certhia americana

Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails. Three species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea
• Black-tailed gnatcatcher, Polioptila melanura
• Black-capped gnatcatcher, Polioptila nigriceps (R)

Wrens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. Ten species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus
• Canyon wren, Catherpes mexicanus
• House wren, Troglodytes aedon
• Pacific wren, Troglodytes pacificus (R)
• Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis
• Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis (R)
• Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris
• Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus
• Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii
• Cactus wren, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Sage thrasher

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. Nine species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Blue mockingbird, Melanotis caerulescens (R)
• Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
• Curve-billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre
• Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum
• Long-billed thrasher, Toxostoma longirostre (R)
• Bendire's thrasher, Toxostoma bendirei
• Crissal thrasher, Toxostoma crissale
• Sage thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus
• Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are small, stout birds that feed in cold, fast moving streams. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus

Thrushes and allies

Western bluebird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. Fourteen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
• Western bluebird, Sialia mexicana
• Mountain bluebird, Sialia currucoides
• Townsend's solitaire, Myadestes townsendi
• Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, Catharus aurantiirostris (R)
• Veery, Catharus fuscescens (R)
• Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus (R)
• Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
• Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
• Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina (R)
• Clay-colored thrush, Turdus grayi (R)
• Rufous-backed robin, Turdus rufopalliatus (R)
• American robin, Turdus migratorius
• Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius (R)

Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

The Old World flycatcher is a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (R)

Olive warbler

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Peucedramidae

The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formerly included with the wood-warblers, Parulidae, but DNA studies warrant its current classification.

• Olive warbler, Peucedramus taeniatus

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. One species has been recorded in New Mexico.

• House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Three species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• White wagtail, Motacilla alba (R)
• American pipit, Anthus rubescens
• Sprague's pipit, Anthus spragueii

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. Fifteen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus
• Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
• Gray-crowned rosy-finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis
• Black rosy-finch, Leucosticte atrata
• Brown-capped rosy-finch, Leucosticte australis
• House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus
• Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus (R)
• Cassin's finch, Haemorhous cassinii
• Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea (R)
• Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
• White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera (R)
• Pine siskin, Spinus pinus
• Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria
• Lawrence's goldfinch, Spinus lawrencei (R)
• American goldfinch, Spinus tristis

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that were traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. Five species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
• Chestnut-collared longspur, Calcarius ornatus
• Smith's longspur, Calcarius pictus (R)
• Thick-billed longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii
• Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis (R)

New World sparrows

Green-tailed towhee

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. Thirty-seven species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Rufous-winged sparrow, Peucaea carpalis (R)
• Botteri's sparrow, Peucaea botterii
• Cassin's sparrow, Peucaea cassinii
• Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
• Black-throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata
• Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus
• Lark bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys
• Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
• Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida
• Black-chinned sparrow, Spiezella atrogularis
• Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla
• Brewer's sparrow, Spizella breweri
• Worthen's sparrow, Spizella wortheni (Ex) (R)
• Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
• American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea
• Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
• Yellow-eyed junco, Junco phaeonotus
• White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
• Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla
• Harris's sparrow, Zonotrichia querula
• White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
• Sagebrush sparrow, Artemisiospiza nevadensis
• Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus
• LeConte's sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii (R)
• Nelson's sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni (R)
• Baird's sparrow, Centronyx bairdii
• Henslow's sparrow, Centronyx henslowii (R)
• Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
• Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia
• Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
• Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
• Canyon towhee, Melozone fusca
• Abert's towhee, Melozone aberti
• Rufous-crowned sparrow, Aimophila ruficeps
• Green-tailed towhee, Pipilo chlorurus
• Spotted towhee, Pipilo maculatus
• Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (R)

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

• Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens

Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. Seventeen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
• Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (R)
• Chihuahuan meadowlark, Sturnella lilianae
• Western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta
• Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius
• Hooded oriole, Icterus cucullatus
• Streak-backed oriole, Icterus pustulatus (R)
• Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii
• Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula (R)
• Scott's oriole, Icterus parisorum
• Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
• Bronzed cowbird, Molothrus aeneus
• Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater
• Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus (R)
• Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus
• Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula
• Great-tailed grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus

New World warblers

Yellow-rumped warbler

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes, are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. Fifty species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
• Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorum (R)
• Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla (R)
• Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
• Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera (R)
• Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera (R)
• Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
• Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea
• Swainson's warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii (R)
• Tennessee warbler, Leiothlypis peregrina (R)
• Orange-crowned warbler, Leiothlypis celata
• Lucy's warbler, Leiothlypis luciae
• Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla
• Virginia's warbler, Leiothlypis virginiae
• MacGillivray's warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei
• Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia (R)
• Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa (R)
• Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
• Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina
• American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
• Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina (R)
• Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea (R)
• Northern parula, Setophaga americana
• Tropical parula, Setophaga pitiayumi (R)
• Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
• Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea (R)
• Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca (R)
• Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
• Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
• Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata (R)
• Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
• Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
• Pine warbler, Setophaga pinus (R)
• Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
• Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica (R)
• Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor (R)
• Grace's warbler, Setophaga graciae
• Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens
• Townsend's warbler, Setophaga townsendi
• Hermit warbler, Setophaga occidentalis
• Golden-cheeked warbler, Setophaga chrysoparia (R)
• Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens
• Fan-tailed warbler, Basileuterus lachrymosus (R)
• Rufous-capped warbler, Basileuterus rufifrons (R)
• Golden-crowned warbler, Basileuterus culicivorus (R)
• Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis (R)
• Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla
• Red-faced warbler, Cardellina rubrifrons
• Painted redstart, Myioborus pictus
• Slate-throated redstart, Myioborus miniatus (R)

Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. Fifteen species have been recorded in New Mexico.

• Hepatic tanager, Piranga flava
• Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
• Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (R)
• Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
• Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis
• Pyrrhuloxia, Cardinalis sinuatus
• Yellow grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysopeplus (R)
• Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
• Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus
• Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
• Lazuli bunting, Passerina amoena
• Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
• Varied bunting, Passerina versicolor
• Painted bunting, Passerina ciris
• Dickcissel, Spiza americana

See also

• List of birds
• Lists of birds by region
• List of North American birds

External links

• New Mexico Ornithological Society