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List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999

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lieutenant general

The rank of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is the second-highest rank normally achievable in the United States Army, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. It ranks above major general (two-star general) and below general (four-star general).

There have been 146 lieutenant generals in the U.S. Army from 1990 to 1999, 28 of whom were promoted to four-star general. All 146 achieved that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Lieutenant generals entered the Army via several paths: 67 were commissioned via Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, 42 via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 19 via Officer Candidate School (OCS), 15 via ROTC at a senior military college, two via direct commission (direct), and one via the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA).

List of generals

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Entries in the following list of lieutenant generals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army or was promoted to four-star rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank,[a] active-duty positions held while serving at three-star rank,[b] number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank (Yrs),[c] year commissioned and source of commission,[d] number of years in commission when promoted to three-star rank (YC),[e] and other biographical notes.[f]

List of U.S. Army lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999
# Name Photo Date of rank[a] Position[b] Yrs[c] Commission[d] YC[e] Notes[f]
1 Charles P. Otstott 27 Jan 1990   2 1960 (USMA) 30 (1937–        )
2 James W. Crysel 27 Feb 1990   2 1959 (ROTC) 31 (1937–        )
3 Marvin D. Brailsford 11 Jun 1990   2 1959 (ROTC) 31 (1939–        )
* Dennis J. Reimer 1 Jul 1990   1 1962 (USMA) 28 (1939–        )[g][h][i] Promoted to general, 21 Jun 1991.
4 Alonzo E. Short Jr. 1 Jul 1990   4 1962 (ROTC) 28 (1939–        )
5 Michael F. Spigelmire 1 Jul 1990   2 1960 (ROTC)[1] 30 (1938–        ) Deputy Director of Operations, Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games, 1996.[2]
6 Billy M. Thomas 9 Jul 1990   2 1962 (ROTC) 28 (1940–2016)[3]
7 William H. Reno 1 Aug 1990   2 1961 (USMA) 29 (1936–        )
8 Teddy G. Allen 1 Sep 1990   3 1958 (ROTC) 32 (1936–        )
* David M. Maddox 9 Nov 1990   2 1960 (VMI) 30 (1938–        )[g] Promoted to general, 9 Jul 1992.
9 Robert D. Chelberg 1 Jan 1991   2 1961 (USMA) 30 (1938–        )
10 William G. Pagonis 7 Feb 1991   2 1964 (ROTC) 27 (1941–        )
11 James H. Johnson Jr. 30 May 1991   2 1960 (USMA) 31 (1937–2023)
12 Harold T. Fields Jr. 5 Jun 1991   3 1960 (Citadel) 31 (1938–        )
13 James D. Starling 17 Jun 1991   2 1960 (USMA) 31 (1936–2009)[4]
* J. H. Binford Peay III 24 Jun 1991   2 1962 (VMI) 29 (1940–        )[h][g] Promoted to general, 26 Mar 1993. Superintendent, Virginia Military Institute, 2003–2020.
14 Merle Freitag 1 Jul 1991   3 1962 (ROTC) 29 (1940–        )
* Ronald H. Griffith 1 Aug 1991   4 1960 (ROTC) 31 (1936–2018)[h] Promoted to general, 6 Jun 1995.
15 Joseph S. Laposata 1 Aug 1991   2 1960 (ROTC) 31 (1938–2018)[5]
16 Horace G. Taylor 1 Aug 1991   2 1960 (ROTC) 31 (1937–        )[6]
* Wayne A. Downing 5 Aug 1991   2 1962 (USMA) 29 (1940–2007)[g] Promoted to general, 20 May 1993. Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism, 2001–2002.
17 Wilson A. Shoffner Sr. 16 Aug 1991   2 1961 (ROTC) 30 (1938–2014) Father of Army major general Wilson A. Shoffner Jr.
18 Peter A. Kind 21 Aug 1991  
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Information Systems Command (CG USAISEC), 1991–1992.
  • Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (DISC4), 1992–1994.
 3 1957 (ROTC) 34 (1939–        )
19 Paul G. Cerjan 1 Oct 1991   3 1960 (USMA) 31 (1938–2011)[7] Commandant, U.S. Army War College, 1989–1991; President, Regent University, 1998–2000.
20 Glynn C. Mallory Jr. 1 Oct 1991   4 1961 (USMA) 30 (1939–2020)
21 Ira C. Owens 1 Dec 1991  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCSINT), 1991–1995.
 4 1960 (OCS) 31 (1936–        )
22 Neal T. Jaco 1 Dec 1991   3 1959 (ROTC) 32 (1937–        )
23 Carmen J. Cavezza 1 Dec 1991   3 1961 (Citadel) 30 (1937–        )
24 Samuel N. Wakefield 9 Jan 1992   2 1960 (Citadel) 32 (1938–        )
25 Charles E. Dominy 1 Feb 1992   3 1962 (USMA)[8] 30 (1940–        )
26 Jerome H. Granrud 1 Feb 1992   2 1960 (ROTC) 32 (1937–2020)
27 Thomas P. Carney 3 Mar 1992   2 1963 (USMA) 29 (1941–2019)
* Barry R. McCaffrey 19 Jun 1992   2 1964 (USMA) 28 (1942–        )[g] Promoted to general, 17 Feb 1994. Director, National Drug Control Policy, 1996–2001. Son of Army major general William J. McCaffrey.
* William W. Crouch 3 Jul 1992   3 1963 (ROTC) 29 (1941–        )[g][h] Promoted to general, 1 Jan 1995.
28 Jerry R. Rutherford Jr. 3 Jul 1992   3 1962 (ROTC) 30 (c. 1943–        )
29 James R. Ellis 17 Jul 1992   2 1962 (USMA) 30 (1937–        )
30 Alfred J. Mallette 22 Jul 1992   2 1961 (ROTC) 31 (1938–1994)[9] Died in office.
31 Samuel E. Ebbesen 3 Aug 1992  
  • Commanding General, Second U.S. Army, 1992–1994.
  • Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, 1994–1997.
 5 1961 (ROTC) 31 (1938–        )
32 Leo J. Pigaty 13 Aug 1992   2 1961 (ROTC) 31 (1940–        )
33 Daniel R. Schroeder 16 Aug 1992   3 1961 (USNA) 31 (1938–        )
34 Donald M. Lionetti [de] 24 Aug 1992   2 1961 (USMA) 31 (1940–2019)
35 William H. Forster Sr. 28 Aug 1992   3 1960 (ROTC) 32 (1939–        )
36 Arthur E. Williams 1 Sep 1992   4 1960 (ROTC) 32 (1938–        )
37 Alcide M. Lanoue 8 Sep 1992   4 1957 (ROTC) 35 (1934–2021)[10]
* John H. Tilelli Jr. 26 Mar 1993   1 1963 (PMC)[j] 30 (1941–        )[h][g] Promoted to general, 19 Jul 1994.
38 Marvin L. Covault 21 May 1993   2 1962 (ROTC) 31 (1940–        )
39 James T. Scott 1 Jun 1993   3 1964 (Texas A&M) 29 (1942–        )
* H. Hugh Shelton 7 Jun 1993   3 1964 (ROTC) 29 (1942–        )[g][k] Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1996. Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 2002.
40 Richard F. Keller 1 Jul 1993   3 1961 (ROTC) 32 (c. 1942–        )
41 John E. Miller 1 Aug 1993   4 1963 (ROTC) 30 (1941–        )
* William W. Hartzog 6 Aug 1993[11] 1 1963 (Citadel) 30 (1941–2020) Promoted to general, 1 Dec 1994.
42 Thomas G. Rhame 1 Sep 1993   4 1963 (ROTC) 30 (1941–        )
43 Kenneth R. Wykle 1 Oct 1993   2 1963 (ROTC) 30 (1941–        ) Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, 1997–2001.
44 Daniel W. Christman 1 Oct 1993   8 1965 (USMA) 28 (1943–        )
45 John P. Otjen 1 Oct 1993   2 1964 (USMA) 29 (1942–        )
46 Paul E. Funk 1 Nov 1993   2 1961 (ROTC) 32 (1940–        ) Father of Army four-star general Paul E. Funk II.
47 Robert L. Ord III 19 Nov 1993   3 1962 (USMA) 31 (1940–        )
48 Malcolm R. O'Neill 1 Dec 1993   3 1962 (ROTC) 31 (1940–        ) U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology, 2010–2011.
* Johnnie E. Wilson 9 Feb 1994  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Army Staff (DCSLOG), 1994–1996.
 2 1967 (OCS) 27 (1944–        ) Promoted to general, 1 May 1996.
49 Marc A. Cisneros 1 Mar 1994   2 1961 (ROTC) 33 (1939–        )
* Wesley K. Clark 4 Apr 1994   2 1966 (USMA) 28 (1944–        )[g][l] Promoted to general, 21 Jun 1996. Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for U.S. President, 2004. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2000.
* John G. Coburn 15 Jul 1994   5 1963 (ROTC) 31 (1941–        ) Promoted to general, 14 May 1999.
50 Steven L. Arnold 19 Jul 1994   3 1962 (USMA) 32 (1940–        )
51 Paul E. Blackwell Sr. 1 Aug 1994   2 1965 (ROTC)[m] 29 (1941–        )
52 Caryl G. Marsh 1 Aug 1994   2 1962 (ROTC) 32 (1939–2013)[12]
* David A. Bramlett 23 Sep 1994   2 1964 (USMA) 30 (1941–        ) Promoted to general, 1 Sep 1996.
53 Theodore G. Stroup Jr. 26 Sep 1994   2 1962 (USMA) 32 (1940–        )
54 Jay M. Garner 26 Sep 1994   3 1962 (ROTC) 32 (1938–        ) Director, Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, Iraq, 2003.
55 Thomas M. Montgomery 7 Oct 1994   3 1963 (ROTC) 31 (1941–        )
56 Richard F. Timmons 19 Oct 1994   3 1965 (VMI) 29 (1942–        )
57 Edward D. Baca 1 Nov 1994   4 1962 (OCS) 32 (1938–2020) First Hispanic to be chief of the National Guard Bureau.
58 Otto J. Guenther 1 Jan 1995  
  • Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (DISC4), 1995–1997.
 2 1963 (ROTC) 32 (1941–2021)[13]
59 Paul E. Menoher Jr. 10 Feb 1995  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCSINT), 1995–1997.
 2 1961 (ROTC) 34 (1939–2020)
* John N. Abrams 6 Apr 1995   3 1967 (OCS) 28 (1946–2018) Promoted to general, 14 Sep 1998. Son of Army four-star general Creighton Abrams; brother of Army four-star general Robert B. Abrams.
60 Guy A. J. LaBoa 12 May 1995   2 1962 (ROTC) 33 (1939–        )
61 Robert E. Gray 25 May 1995   2 1966 (OCS) 29 (1941–2011)[14]
62 Ronald V. Hite 26 May 1995   2 1964 (ROTC) 31 (1943–        )
63 George A. Fisher Jr. 9 Jun 1995   4 1964 (USMA) 31 (1942–        )
64 William G. Carter III 15 Jun 1995   2 1965 (OCS) 30 (c. 1946–        )
65 Leonard D. Holder Jr. 19 Jul 1995   2 1966 (Texas A&M) 29 (1944–        )
66 John A. Dubia 8 Aug 1995   4 1966 (USMA) 29 (1943–        )
67 Jared L. Bates 8 Aug 1995   2 1964 (ROTC) 31 (1941–        ) Coordinator of Operations, Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, 2003.
68 Hubert G. Smith 1 Sep 1995   2 1962 (ROTC) 33 (1941–        )
* Thomas A. Schwartz 6 Dec 1995   3 1967 (USMA) 28 (1945–        )[g] Promoted to general, 31 Aug 1998.
69 Patrick M. Hughes 12 Feb 1996   3 1968 (ROTC) 28 (1942–        ) U.S. Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis, 2003–2005.
* John M. Keane 23 Feb 1996   3 1966 (ROTC) 30 (1943–        )[h] Promoted to general, 22 Jan 1999. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2020.
70 John J. Cusick 22 Apr 1996   2 1964 (ROTC) 32 (1942–        )
71 Dennis L. Benchoff 1 Jul 1996   2 1962 (USMA) 34 (1939–        )
72 William M. Steele 11 Jul 1996   5 1967 (Citadel) 29 (1945–        )
73 Joseph E. DeFrancisco 15 Jul 1996   2 1965 (USMA) 31 (1942–        )
74 Joseph W. Kinzer 17 Jul 1996   2 1964 (OCS) 32 (1939–        )
* Eric K. Shinseki 5 Aug 1996   1 1965 (USMA) 31 (1942–        )[h][i] Promoted to general, 5 Aug 1997. U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 2009–2014.
75 David L. Benton III 9 Aug 1996   2 1961 (USMA) 35 (c. 1942–        )
* Peter J. Schoomaker 22 Aug 1996   1 1969 (ROTC) 27 (1946–        )[g][i][n] Promoted to general, 4 Oct 1997. Brother of Army lieutenant general Eric Schoomaker.
76 Joe N. Ballard 20 Sep 1996   4 1965 (ROTC) 31 (1942–        ) First African-American to serve as Chief of Engineers.
77 Edward G. Anderson III 1 Oct 1996   7 1966 (USMA) 30 (c. 1947–        )
78 Ronald R. Blanck 1 Oct 1996   4 1968 (direct) 28 (1941–        ) President, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 2002–2006.
79 Douglas D. Buchholz 14 Oct 1996  
  • Director, Command, Control, Communications and Computers, Joint Staff, J6, 1996–1998.
 2 1968 (ROTC) 28 (1946–2003)
80 Frederick E. Vollrath 1 Nov 1996   2 1962 (ROTC) 34 (1940–2017) U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness and Force Management, 2012–2014.
81 George A. Crocker 1 Dec 1996   3 1966 (USMA) 30 (1943–        )
* Tommy R. Franks 30 May 1997   3 1967 (OCS) 30 (1945–        )[g] Promoted to general, 6 Jul 2000. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2004.
82 Claudia J. Kennedy 30 May 1997  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCSINT), 1997–2000.
 3 1969 (direct) 28 (1947–        ) Chair, Defense Department Advisory Committee on Women in the Services, 2010–2011. First woman to achieve the rank of lieutenant general in the Army.
* Montgomery C. Meigs 1 Jun 1997   1 1967 (USMA) 30 (1945–2021) Promoted to general, 10 Nov 1998. Director, Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization, 2005–2007. Distant cousin of Navy four-star admiral Montgomery M. Taylor and great-great-great grandnephew of Montgomery C. Meigs.
83 David J. Kelley 27 Jun 1997   3 1966 (USMA) 31 (1943–2021)
84 Henry T. Glisson 27 Jun 1997   3 1966 (ROTC) 31 (1944–        )
* Paul J. Kern 1 Jul 1997   4 1967 (USMA) 30 (1945–        ) Promoted to general, 30 Oct 2001.
85 David K. Heebner 1 Jul 1997  
  • Assistant Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (AVCSA), 1997–1999.
 2 1967 (ROTC) 30 (1945–        )
86 Richard A. Chilcoat 25 Jul 1997   3 1964 (USMA) 33 (1938–2010) Commandant, U.S. Army War College, 1994–1997; Dean, Bush School of Government and Public Service, 2002–2010.
* John W. Hendrix 31 Jul 1997   2 1965 (ROTC) 32 (1942–        ) Promoted to general, 23 Nov 1999.
87 William H. Campbell 1 Aug 1997  
  • Army Chief Information Officer/G-6/Military Deputy to the Army Acquisition Executive/Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (CIO/G-6/MILDEP-AAC/DISC4), 1997–2000.
 3 1962 (ROTC) 35 (1940–        )
88 Robert S. Coffey 1 Aug 1997   2 1966 (ROTC) 31 (c. 1947–        )
89 Randolph W. House 1 Aug 1997   3 1968 (Texas A&M) 29 (c. 1949–        )
90 Michael S. Davison Jr. 22 Aug 1997   3 1964 (USMA) 33 (c. 1947–        ) Son of Army four-star general Michael S. Davison; great-aunt married Navy four-star admiral Arthur W. Radford.
91 Roger G. Thompson Jr. 30 Aug 1997   2 1966 (USMA) 31 (1942–        )
92 John M. Pickler 1 Oct 1997   4 1965 (USMA) 32 (1943–        )
93 William J. Bolt 1 Oct 1997   2 1962 (ROTC) 35 (1940–        )
94 Thomas N. Burnette Jr. 1 Nov 1997   3 1968 (USMA) 29 (1944–2019)
95 Larry R. Jordan 1 Nov 1997   2 1968 (USMA) 29 (1946–        )
96 Jack P. Nix Jr. 5 Nov 1997   3 1969 (ROTC) 28 (1947–        )[16]
97 John M. McDuffie 2 Mar 1998   3 1970 (OCS) 28 (c. 1945–        )
98 William P. Tangney 3 Mar 1998   4 1967 (Citadel) 31 (1945–        )
* William F. Kernan 12 Mar 1998   2 1968 (OCS) 30 (1946–        )[g] Promoted to general, Jul 2000.
99 James M. Link 30 Jul 1998   2 1967 (OCS) 31 (1942–2023)[17]
100 Robert F. Foley 30 Jul 1998   2 1963 (USMA) 35 (1941–        ) President, Marion Military Institute, 2000–2004. Awarded Medal of Honor, 1968.
* Leon J. LaPorte 7 Aug 1998[18] 4 1968 (ROTC) 30 (1946–        )[g] Promoted to general, 1 May 2002.
101 David S. Weisman 25 Sep 1998   3 1967 (OCS) 31 (1946–        )
102 Daniel J. Petrosky 25 Sep 1998   4 1967 (OCS) 31 (1944–        )
103 David H. Ohle 27 Sep 1998   2 1968 (USMA) 30 (1944–        )
104 John P. Costello 1 Oct 1998[19] 3 1969 (Citadel) 29 (1947–2010)
105 Edwin P. Smith 1 Oct 1998   4 1967 (USMA) 31 (1945–        ) Director, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2005–2011.
106 Ronald E. Adams 10 Oct 1998   4 1965 (ROTC) 33 (1943–        )
107 James C. King 10 Oct 1998   3 1968 (ROTC) 30 (1946–        )
108 Michael L. Dodson 10 Oct 1998   5 1968 (OCS) 30 (1945–        ) Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 67th District, 2021–present.
109 Randall L. Rigby Jr. 10 Oct 1998   2 1968 (ROTC) 30 (1945–        )
110 Michael A. Canavan 1 Nov 1998   3 1967 (OCS)[20] 31 Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety, 2000–2001. Husband of former diplomat Katherine Canavan.
111 Michael W. Ackerman 30 Jul 1999   3 1966 (OCS) 33 (c. 1944–        )
112 Lawson W. Magruder III 30 Jul 1999   2 1969 (ROTC) 30 (1947–        )
113 Donald L. Kerrick 1 Aug 1999   2 1971 (ROTC) 28 (1948–        )
114 John M. Riggs 1 Aug 1999  
  • Commanding General, First U.S. Army (CG FUSA), 1999–2001.
  • Director, Objective Force Task Force, 2001–2005.
 6 1969 (OCS) 30 (1946–        )[p]
* Larry R. Ellis 5 Aug 1999   2 1969 (ROTC) 30 (1946–        ) Promoted to general, 19 Nov 2001.
115 Billy K. Solomon 15 Sep 1999   3 1966 (ROTC) 33 (1944–        )
* James T. Hill 30 Sep 1999[21] 3 1968 (ROTC) 31 (1946–        )[g] Promoted to general, 18 Aug 2002.
116 Daniel G. Brown 3 Oct 1999[22] 3 1968 (ROTC) 31 (c. 1949–        )
* Kevin P. Byrnes 1 Nov 1999   3 1969 (OCS) 30 (1950–        )[q] Promoted to general, 7 Nov 2002.
117 John A. Van Alstyne 2 Nov 1999  
  • Deputy Commanding General, Initial Entry Training, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (DCG-IET TRADOC), 1999–2001.
  • Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, 2001–2002.
 3 1966 (Texas A&M) 33 (1946–        ) Commandant of the Corps of Cadets, Texas A&M University, 2002–2010.
118 James C. Riley 16 Nov 1999   4 1966 (OCS) 33 (c. 1948–        )

Timeline

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1990–1999

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James C. RileyJohn A. Van AlstyneKevin P. ByrnesDaniel G. BrownJames T. HillBilly K. SolomonLarry R. EllisJohn M. RiggsDonald L. KerrickLawson W. Magruder IIIMichael W. AckermanMichael CanavanRandall L. Rigby Jr.Mike DodsonJames C. KingRonald E. AdamsEdwin P. SmithJohn P. CostelloDavid H. OhleDaniel J. PetroskyDavid S. WeismanLeon J. LaPorteRobert F. FoleyJames M. LinkWilliam F. KernanWilliam P. TangneyJohn M. McDuffieJack P. Nix Jr.Larry R. JordanThomas N. Burnette Jr.William J. BoltJohn M. PicklerRoger G. Thompson Jr.Michael S. Davison Jr.Randolph W. HouseRobert S. CoffeyWilliam H. Campbell (general)John W. HendrixRichard A. ChilcoatDavid K. HeebnerPaul J. KernHenry T. GlissonDavid J. KelleyMontgomery Meigs (born 1945)Claudia J. KennedyTommy FranksGeorge A. CrockerFrederick E. VollrathDouglas D. BuchholzRonald R. BlanckEdward G. Anderson IIIJoe N. BallardPeter SchoomakerDavid L. Benton IIIEric ShinsekiJoseph W. KinzerJoseph E. DeFranciscoWilliam M. SteeleDennis L. BenchoffJohn J. CusickJack KeanePatrick M. HughesThomas A. SchwartzHubert G. SmithJared L. BatesJohn A. DubiaLeonard D. Holder Jr.William G. Carter IIIGeorge A. Fisher Jr.Ronald V. HiteRobert E. GrayGuy A. J. LaBoaJohn N. AbramsPaul E. MenoherOtto J. GuentherEdward D. BacaRichard F. TimmonsThomas M. MontgomeryJay GarnerTheodore G. Stroup Jr.David A. BramlettCaryl G. MarshPaul E. BlackwellSteven L. ArnoldJohn G. CoburnWesley ClarkMarc A. CisnerosJohnnie E. WilsonMalcolm Ross O'NeillRobert L. Ord IIIPaul E. FunkJohn P. OtjenDaniel W. ChristmanKenneth R. WykleThomas G. RhameWilliam W. HartzogJohn E. Miller (general)Richard F. KellerHugh SheltonJames T. ScottMarvin L. CovaultJohn H. Tilelli Jr.Alcide M. LanoueArthur E. WilliamsWilliam H. ForsterDonald M. LionettiDaniel R. SchroederLeo J. PigatySamuel E. EbbesenAlfred J. MalletteJames R. EllisJerry R. RutherfordWilliam W. CrouchBarry R. McCaffreyThomas P. CarneyJerome H. GranrudCharles E. DominySamuel N. WakefieldCarmen J. CavezzaNeal T. JacoIra C. OwensGlynn MalloryPaul G. CerjanPeter A. KindWilson Allen ShoffnerWayne A. DowningHorace G. TaylorJoseph S. LaposataRonald H. GriffithMerle FreitagJ. H. Binford Peay IIIJames D. StarlingHarold T. Fields Jr.James H. Johnson Jr.William G. PagonisRobert D. ChelbergDavid M. MaddoxTeddy G. AllenWilliam H. RenoBilly M. ThomasMichael F. SpigelmireAlonzo E. Short Jr.Dennis ReimerMarvin D. BrailsfordJames W. CryselCharles P. OtstottIraq WarKosovo WarBosnian WarGulf WarWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021)Cold War

Background

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(From left to right) Lt. Gen. Thomas A. Schwartz, Gen. David A. Bramlett and Lt. Gen. Leon J. LaPorte at the III Corps change of command ceremony on August 7, 1998.

Position changes, elevations and reductions

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Maj. Gen. Frederick E. Vollrath is pinned with his lieutenant general's stars by his wife Joy and chief of staff of the Army, Gen. Dennis J. Reimer, on September 30, 1996.

Several new joint duty positions were created or elevated to three-star grade in response to American involvement in regional conflicts, namely the Gulf War and the Bosnian War.

  • The commanding general of the 22nd Theater Army Area Command, a major general's billet in command of the primary logistics and combat support component of American forces in the Gulf War, was elevated to a lieutenant general's billet to achieve parity with equivalently-ranked commanders in the region.[23] Major General William G. Pagonis was consequently promoted to lieutenant general in February 1991.[24]

One joint duty position was downgraded from four-star to three-star grade between 1990 and 2000.

Two three-star positions on the Army Staff underwent changes between 1990 and 2000.

  • The deputy chief of staff for operations was divested of responsibilities as the senior Army representative to the NATO Military Committee in 1995, with Lieutenant General Paul E. Blackwell being the last officeholder to hold said position.
Lt. Gen. Edward D. Baca, chief of the National Guard Bureau, speaks with National Guardsmen in Georgia before the start of their duty day, July 20, 1996.

Two Army commands, one Army service component command, two field armies and one corps with accompanying three-star positions were merged or inactivated between 1990 and 2000, primarily due to post-Cold War force reductions.

Gen. Dennis J. Reimer, commanding general, U.S. Army Forces Command, presents the Distinguished Service Medal to Lt. Gen. Horace G. Taylor at his retirement ceremony on October 26, 1993.
  • U.S. Army Information Systems Command (USAISC) was downgraded to a two-star command in 1992, being renamed U.S. Army Signal Command (USASC). USASC was subordinated to U.S. Army Forces Command in 1996 due to concerns of overcentralization of authority over communications of theater commands. Lieutenant General Peter A. Kind was the last lieutenant general to command USAISC.
  • U.S. Army Japan (USARJ), which had stabilized as a three-star billet in 1972, was downgraded to a two-star command in 1994 with its commanding general, Lieutenant General Jerome H. Granrud (dual-hatted as commander of IX Corps) transferring command to Major General Waldo D. Freeman on September 8, 1994.[29]

Senate confirmations

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Military nominations are considered by the Senate Armed Services Committee. While it is rare for three-star or four-star nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn. Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session.

  • Major General Raphael J. Hallada was withdrawn from consideration to become commanding general of Fifth Army in 1991,[30][31] relating to a decision he made not to prosecute the two soldiers responsible for an artillery accident at his command of Fort Sill.[32][33]

Legislative history

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The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of Congress pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army from 1990 to 1999.[s]

Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large, and a summary of the act's relevance, with officers affected by the act bracketed where applicable. Positions listed without reference to rank are assumed to be eligible for officers of three-star grade or higher.

List of legislation on appointments of lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999
Legislation Citation Summary
Act of December 5, 1991

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993]

 105 Stat. 1304
 105 Stat. 1359
  • Reduced period between day of relief from final assignment and day before retirement in which an officer may hold temporary three-star or four-star grade from 90 days to 60 days.
  • Prevented officers whose retired grade is lower than their highest active duty grade from being directly appointed to grade above major general or rear admiral if recalled to active duty.
  • Authorized officers with a retired grade below lieutenant general or vice admiral to be retired at said grade if recalled to active duty, provided that they, with certification from their service secretary, served in said grade satisfactorily for at least six months during the recall period.
Act of October 5, 1994

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995]

 108 Stat. 2824
 108 Stat. 2825
  • Assigned statutory rank of lieutenant general to the chief of the National Guard Bureau (Edward D. Baca).[t]
Act of February 10, 1996

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996]

 110 Stat. 292
 110 Stat. 293
  • Removed eligibility of officers above grade of major general or rear admiral to apply for voluntary retirement on the same time-in-grade requirements as officers below said grade.
  • Specified that an officer who serves or has served in three-star or four-star grade may only be retired at such grade, subject to other time-in-grade requirements, after the secretary of defense certifies in writing to the President and Congress that they served on active duty satisfactorily at such grade.
  • Specified that officers who served or have served in three-star or four-star grade and subject to certification may not receive any reduction or waiver of time-in-grade requirements if under investigation for alleged misconduct or face disciplinary action for misconduct.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "US Army Lieutenant General Michael F. Spigelmire Uniform". PicClick. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  2. ^ Howitt, Arnold; Leonard, Herman; Giles, David (2009). Managing Crises: Responses to Large-Scale Emergencies. Washington, D. C.: CQ Press. ISBN 9780872895706. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  3. ^ "Obituary of Lieutenant General Billy Marshal Thomas". obits.gazette.com. Retrieved 3 December 2021.[dead link]
  4. ^ "JAMES D. STARLING, 1960". West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Obituary for Lieutenant General Joseph S. Laposata, U.S. Army (Ret)". Beckman-Williamson Funeral Homes and Crematory. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  6. ^ "U.S. Army Register, Volume 1". Google Books. U.S. Department of the Army. 1969. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  7. ^ "Obituary of Lieutenant General (ret.) Paul G. Cerjan, U.S. Army". Nunn and Harper Funeral Home Inc. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  8. ^ "Army Executive Biographies". Google Books. 1985. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  9. ^ "Obituary of LTG Alfred J. Mallette, retired Army officer". newspapers.com. 20 August 1994. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  10. ^ "Obituary: LTG Alcide "Cid" M LaNoue (RET) 38th Surgeon General, U.S. Army". Dignity Memorial. Tampa, Florida: Blount & Curry Funeral Home. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  11. ^ Dabrowski, John (October 2020). "An Oral History of William W. Hartzog" (PDF). The Citadel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Obituary of LTG Caryl Glenn Marsh". Legacy. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  13. ^ Lee, Edward (24 October 2021). "Otto J. Guenther, a retired U.S. Army lieutenant general who chaired McDaniel College's board of trustees, dies". Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  14. ^ Wisniewska, Zuzanna (5 March 2018). "Robert Earl Gray (1941-2011)". Blackpast.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Lieutenant General Tommy R. Franks". U.S. Army Central. Archived from the original on 29 April 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  16. ^ "LIEUTENANT GENERAL JACK P. NIX Jr., U.S. ARMY". Allied Forces Southern Europe. Archived from the original on 24 February 1999. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  17. ^ "Nominations Before The Senate Armed Services Committee, Second Session, 107th Congress" (PDF). GovInfo. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2003. p. 51. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  18. ^ "Air Force Magazine, Volume 89". Google Books. 2006. p. 73. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  19. ^ "Major General Michael A. Canavan". OCS Alumni. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Nominations Before The Senate Armed Services Committee, Second Session, 107th Congress" (PDF). GovInfo. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2003. p. 119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  21. ^ "Lieutenant General Daniel G. Brown, United States Army". U.S. Transportation Command. Archived from the original on 17 August 2000. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  22. ^ Powell, Colin L.; Persico, Joseph E. (18 February 2003). My American Journey. Ballantine Books. pp. 1208–1209. ISBN 978-0345466419.
  23. ^ "PN91 — Maj. Gen. William G. Pagonis — Army, 102nd Congress (1991-1992)". U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  24. ^ Krstanovic, Danilo (2 October 2003). "The outgoing commander of the NATO-led peacekeeping force in Bosnia U.S. General William E. Ward (R) shakes hands with new SFOR commander U.S. Air Force Major General Virgil Packett (L) during a ceremony in SFOR headquarters in camp Butmir outside Sarajevo October 2, 2003. General Packett replaced General Ward as the commander of the 12,000 strong multinational peacekeeping force in Bosnia". Alamy. Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  25. ^ "PN498 — Maj. Gen. Daniel W. Christman — Army, 103rd Congress (1993-1994)". U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  26. ^ Dupont & West 1995, p. 7-8.
  27. ^ "Seize the High Ground (Chapter 5: New Ideas about Space and Missile Defense After the War, 1991-1997)" (PDF). U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command. p. 168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  28. ^ "Past U.S. Army Japan Commanding Generals". U.S. Army Japan. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  29. ^ "General Surprises Fort Sill Crowd With Retirement". The Oklahoman. Fort Sill, Oklahoma: Associated Press. 20 July 1991. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  30. ^ "PN239 – Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada – Army, 102nd Congress (1991–1992)". U.S. Congress. 25 September 1991. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  31. ^ "Soldiers Charged in Artillery Accident That Killed Three". AP News. Fort Sill, Oklahoma: Associated Press. 21 October 1989. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  32. ^ "Trial ruled out in Fort Sill deaths". Tulsa World. Fort Sill, Oklahoma: Associated Press. 30 December 1989. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Army register of active and retired commissioned officers, or the Defense Technical Information Center roster of general and flag officers. The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to lieutenant general. If such a date cannot be found, the next date substituted should be that of the officer's assumption of his/her first three-star appointment. Failing which, the officer's first Senate confirmation date to lieutenant general should be substituted. For officers promoted to lieutenant general on the same date, they should be organized first by date of promotion to four-star rank, and then by the tier of their first listed assignment upon promotion to lieutenant general.
  2. ^ a b Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to lieutenant general. Dates listed are for the officer's full tenure, which may predate promotion to three-star rank or postdate retirement from active duty. Positions held in an acting capacity are italicized.
  3. ^ a b The number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. Time spent between active-duty three-star assignments is not counted.
  4. ^ a b Sources of commission are listed in parentheses after the year of commission and include: the United States Military Academy (USMA); Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university; ROTC at a senior military college such as the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Norwich University (Norwich), Pennsylvania Military College (PMC), University of North Georgia (UNG), or Widener University (Widener); Officer Candidate School (OCS); the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA); the Army National Guard (ARNG); and direct commission (direct).
  5. ^ a b The number of years in commission before being promoted to three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Commission" column from the year in the "Date of rank" column.
  6. ^ a b Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the Medal of Honor, Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, or honors of similar significance; major government appointments; university presidencies or equivalents; familial relationships with significant military officers or government officials such as U.S. Presidents, cabinet secretaries, U.S. Senators, or state governors; and unusual career events such as premature relief or death in office.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Served as a commander-in-chief (CINC).
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Served as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA).
  9. ^ a b c Served as Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA).
  10. ^ Graduated from Pennsylvania Military College, which was reorganized as a civilian institution in 1972 and is now Widener University.
  11. ^ Served as Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).
  12. ^ Served as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).
  13. ^ Received commission, June 1963; reported for active duty, June 1965.
  14. ^ Retired as general, November 2000; recalled as general, August 2003.
  15. ^ Kerrick served in this position alongside James Steinberg (Jul–Aug 2000) and Stephen Hadley (2000–2001). As a senior staffer of the White House Office, he concurrently held the title Assistant to the President.
  16. ^ Retired as major general, 2005.
  17. ^ Relieved, August 2005, and retired as lieutenant general.
  18. ^ The final deputy commanding general for initial military training was dual-hatted as commanding general of the U.S. Army Center for Initial Military Training from 2009 to 2011.
  19. ^ Legislative history compiled from the U.S. Congress official website and U.S. Government Publishing Office official website.
  20. ^ Until passage of this Act, the chief of the National Guard Bureau held the rank of lieutenant general without statutory requirement from 1974, with Lieutenant General La Vern E. Weber being the first three-star CNGB.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • United States Department of the Army (1976) [1948], United States Army Register, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
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