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List of Roman amphitheatres

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Map of Roman amphitheatres

The remains of at least 230 Roman amphitheatres have been found widely scattered around the area of the Roman Empire. These are large, circular or oval open-air venues with raised 360 degree seating and not to be confused with the more common theatres, which are semicircular structures. There are, however, a number of buildings that have had a combined use as both theatre and amphitheatre, particularly in western Europe. Following is an incomplete list of Roman amphitheatre locations by country.

City
(Roman name) 		City
(modern name) 		Country
 Year of
construction 		Coordinates
 External Axes (m) Notes
References 		Photograph
Dyrrhachium Durrës Albania 2nd century AD 41°18′44″N 19°26′43″E / 41.312186°N 19.445323°E / 41.312186; 19.445323 (Dyrrhachium (Durres)) 132 x 113 Durrës Amphitheatre
Lambaesis Lambèse Algeria 35°29′21″N 6°15′36″E / 35.489247°N 6.259935°E / 35.489247; 6.259935 (Lambaesis (Lambèse))
Colonia Claudia Caesarea Cherchell Algeria 36°36′31″N 2°11′56″E / 36.608740°N 2.198826°E / 36.608740; 2.198826 (Colonia Claudia Caesarea (Cherchell))
Gemellae M'lili Algeria 34°38′07″N 5°31′22″E / 34.635409°N 5.522764°E / 34.635409; 5.522764 (Gemellae (M'lili)) [1]
Theveste Tébessa Algeria 4th century AD 35°24′04″N 8°07′26″E / 35.401246°N 8.123764°E / 35.401246; 8.123764 (Theveste (Tébessa)) Aerial Photograph[1]
Tipasa Tipaza Algeria 36°35′35″N 2°26′44″E / 36.593152°N 2.445456°E / 36.593152; 2.445456 (Tipasa (Tipaza)) Map of Tipasa
Brigantium Bregenz Austria 47°30′02″N 9°44′52″E / 47.500461°N 9.747879°E / 47.500461; 9.747879 (Brigantium (Bregenz) - civil) Roman Theatre (Bregenz)
Carnuntum Petronell Austria 48°06′36″N 16°51′03″E / 48.1101°N 16.8509°E / 48.1101; 16.8509 (Carnuntum (Petronell) - civil)

48°07′37″N 16°53′34″E / 48.1269°N 16.8927°E / 48.1269; 16.8927 (Carnuntum (Petronell) - military)

2 amphitheatres [2]
Flavia Solva Leibnitz Austria 46°46′00″N 15°34′03″E / 46.766744°N 15.567417°E / 46.766744; 15.567417 (Flavia Solva (Leibnitz)) [2]
Virunum Magdalensberg Austria 46°41′53″N 14°22′01″E / 46.697951°N 14.366943°E / 46.697951; 14.366943 (Virunum (Magdalensberg)) [2]
Augusta Traiana Stara Zagora Bulgaria
Diocletianopolis (Thrace) Hisarya Bulgaria 42°30′10″N 24°42′35″E / 42.502825°N 24.709776°E / 42.502825; 24.709776 (Diocletianopolis (Hisarya)) [2]
Marcianopolis Devnya Bulgaria 43°13′20″N 27°34′10″E / 43.222222°N 27.569444°E / 43.222222; 27.569444 (Marcianopolis (Devnya))
Serdica Sofia Bulgaria 3rd century AD 42°41′52″N 23°19′48″E / 42.697803°N 23.330031°E / 42.697803; 23.330031 (Serdica (Sofia)) 60 x 43 Amphitheatre of Serdica[3]
Pietas Iulia Pola Pula Croatia 1st century AD 44°52′23″N 13°51′00″E / 44.873176°N 13.850112°E / 44.873176; 13.850112 (Pietas Iulia Pola (Pula)) 132 x 105 Pula Arena[4]
Salona Solin Croatia 43°32′18″N 16°28′26″E / 43.538469°N 16.473956°E / 43.538469; 16.473956 (Salonae (Solin)) 125 x 100 [2]
Burnum Croatia 44°01′09″N 16°01′06″E / 44.0192°N 16.0182°E / 44.0192; 16.0182 (Burnum) 101 x 77 Roman military camp near Šibenik, had a small amphitheatre, recently discovered [2]
Augusta Paphus Paphos Cyprus 34°45′18″N 32°24′19″E / 34.754942°N 32.405344°E / 34.754942; 32.405344 (Augusta Paphus (Paphos)) [2]
Salamis Cyprus 35°11′08″N 33°54′09″E / 35.185522°N 33.90238°E / 35.185522; 33.90238 ((Salamis)) Amphitheatre almost vanished.[2]
Calleva Atrebatum Silchester England 51°21′32″N 1°04′31″W / 51.35885°N 1.07528°W / 51.35885; -1.07528 (Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester)) [2] [3] [4]
Camulodunum Colchester England 51°53′00″N 0°54′00″E / 51.883333°N 0.9°E / 51.883333; 0.9 (Camulodunum (Colchester)) Located in 2005 (near Circular Road North)
Corinium Dobunnorum Cirencester England 2nd century AD 51°42′41″N 1°58′20″W / 51.711500°N 1.972190°W / 51.711500; -1.972190 (Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester)) Cirencester Amphitheatre[2]
Deva Victrix Chester England 1st century AD 53°11′21″N 2°53′13″W / 53.189191°N 2.887027°W / 53.189191; -2.887027 (Deva Victrix (Chester)) 97.5 x 87.2 Chester Roman Amphitheatre [5] [2]
Durnovaria Dorchester England 50°42′28″N 2°26′25″W / 50.70790°N 2.44039°W / 50.70790; -2.44039 (Durnovaria (Dorchester)) Maumbury Rings[2]
Frilford England 51°40′15″N 1°21′44″W / 51.670833°N 1.362222°W / 51.670833; -1.362222 (Frilford) Debated [6] [2]
Iscalis (?) Charterhouse England 51°18′19″N 2°43′13″W / 51.3054°N 2.72032°W / 51.3054; -2.72032 (Iscalis (Charterhouse)) [2]
Isurium Brigantum Aldborough England 54°05′17″N 1°22′53″W / 54.088179°N 1.381325°W / 54.088179; -1.381325 (Isurium Brigantum (Aldborough))
Londinium London England 1st century AD 51°30′56″N 0°05′32″W / 51.515546°N 0.092215°W / 51.515546; -0.092215 (Londinium (London)) Amphitheatre (London)
Noviomagus Reginorum Chichester England 50°50′08″N 0°46′21″W / 50.835448°N 0.772496°W / 50.835448; -0.772496 (Noviomagus Reginorum (Chichester)) [2]
Rutupiae Richborough England 51°17′25″N 1°19′36″E / 51.290171°N 1.326534°E / 51.290171; 1.326534 (Rutupiae (Richborough)) [2]
Viroconium Cornoviorum Wroxeter England 52°40′00″N 2°39′00″W / 52.666667°N 2.65°W / 52.666667; -2.65 (Virocorium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter)) No confirmed amphitheatre found at Wroxeter. Speculation as to purpose of cropmark enclosure includes such.
Venta Icenorum Caistor St Edmund England 52°34′48″N 1°17′18″E / 52.579979°N 1.288262°E / 52.579979; 1.288262 (Venta Icenorum (Caistor St Edmund)) [7] [2]
Verulamium St Albans England 51°45′15″N 0°21′30″W / 51.75404°N 0.3583°W / 51.75404; -0.3583 (Verulamium (St Albans)) Theatre that had been used as an amphitheatre; note the almost oval shape.
Agedincum Sens France 48°12′00″N 3°17′35″E / 48.200036°N 3.292997°E / 48.200036; 3.292997 (Agedincum (Sens)) [2]
Aginnum Agen France 44°12′18″N 0°36′48″E / 44.204938°N 0.613258°E / 44.204938; 0.613258 (Aginnum (Agen))
Alalia Aléria France Corsica [2]
Apta Julia Apt France 43°52′36″N 5°23′51″E / 43.876569°N 5.397437°E / 43.876569; 5.397437 (Apta Julia (Apt)) No remains of Amphitheatre located. This is the theatre.[2]
Arelate Arles France 1st century AD 43°40′40″N 4°37′51″E / 43.67776°N 4.630936°E / 43.67776; 4.630936 (Arelate (Arles)) 136 x 109 Arles Amphitheatre.[2] Still in use today for bull games (where the bulls are not harmed), plays, concerts & events.
Argentomagus Argenton-sur-Creuse France 46°35′57″N 1°30′35″E / 46.599061°N 1.509718°E / 46.599061; 1.509718 (Argentomagus (Argenton-sur-Creuse)) Theatre used also as amphitheatre.[2]
Augustodunum Autun France 46°57′06″N 4°17′58″E / 46.951667°N 4.299444°E / 46.951667; 4.299444 (Augustodunum (Autun)) 154 x 130 [2]
Augustomagus Senlis France 49°12′19″N 2°34′33″E / 49.205191°N 2.575768°E / 49.205191; 2.575768 (Augustomagus (Senlis)) Theatre used as amphitheatre. Photograph[2]
Augustoritum Limoges France 45°49′50″N 1°15′06″E / 45.830446°N 1.251743°E / 45.830446; 1.251743 (Augustoritum (Limoges)) [2]
Avaricum Bourges France 47°05′04″N 2°23′27″E / 47.0845°N 2.39087°E / 47.0845; 2.39087 (Avaricum (Bourges)) [2]
Beaumont-sur-Oise France 49°08′46″N 2°17′48″E / 49.146210°N 2.296752°E / 49.146210; 2.296752 ((Beaumont-sur-Oise))
Burdigala Bordeaux France 44°50′52″N 0°34′58″W / 44.847725°N 0.5826583°W / 44.847725; -0.5826583 (Burdigala (Bordeaux)) [2]
Caesarodunum Tours France 1st century AD 47°23′43″N 0°41′47″E / 47.3953°N 0.696394°E / 47.3953; 0.696394 (Caesarodunum (Tours)) 156 x 134 Tours Amphitheatre
Cassinomagus Chassenon France 45°51′02″N 0°46′08″E / 45.850565°N 0.768990°E / 45.850565; 0.768990 (Cassinomagus (Chassenon)) [2]
Divona Cadurcorum Cahors France 44°26′44″N 1°26′27″E / 44.4455°N 1.4408°E / 44.4455; 1.4408 (Cassinomagus (Chassenon)) Discovered in 2007 when digging a parking garage
Cemenelum Nice France 43°43′12″N 7°16′31″E / 43.71996°N 7.275394°E / 43.71996; 7.275394 (Cemenelum (Nice)) [2]
Derventum Drevant France 46°41′35″N 2°31′21″E / 46.693051°N 2.522388°E / 46.693051; 2.522388 (Derventum (Drevant)) Theatre that had been adapted for gladiatorial events[2]
Divodurum Metz France 49°07′11″N 6°10′20″E / 49.119631°N 6.172198°E / 49.119631; 6.172198 (Divodurum (Metz)) 148 x 124
Forum Iulium Fréjus France 43°26′04″N 6°43′43″E / 43.4344472°N 6.7285°E / 43.4344472; 6.7285 (Forum Iulium (Fréjus)) 113 x 83 Arènes de Fréjus[2]
Geinum Gennes France 47°20′07″N 0°14′19″W / 47.3352083°N 0.23873°W / 47.3352083; -0.23873 (Geinum (Gennes)) [2]
Grannus Grand France 48°23′07″N 5°29′28″E / 48.385268°N 5.491047°E / 48.385268; 5.491047 ((Grand)) [8]

A "half amphitheatre", distinguished from a normal theatre by its oval layout.[2]

Julia Baeterrae Septimanorum Béziers France 43°20′23″N 3°12′51″E / 43.3396°N 3.2141°E / 43.3396; 3.2141 (Julia Baeterrae Septimanorum (Béziers)) [2]
Juliobona Lillebonne France 49°31′04″N 0°32′12″E / 49.517815°N 0.536603°E / 49.517815; 0.536603 (Juliobona (Lillebonne)) A half-amphitheatre.[2]
Limonum Poitiers France 46°34′41″N 0°20′23″E / 46.5781°N 0.33965°E / 46.5781; 0.33965 (Limonum (Poitiers)) [9] [2]
Lugdunum Lyon France 1st century AD 45°46′14″N 4°49′50″E / 45.7704972°N 4.8305972°E / 45.7704972; 4.8305972 (Lugdunum (Lyon)) 81 x 60 Amphitheatre of the Three Gauls[2]
Lutetia Paris France 1st century AD 48°50′42″N 2°21′10″E / 48.8451°N 2.3529°E / 48.8451; 2.3529 (Lutetia (Paris)) Arènes de Lutèce[2]
Mediolanum Santonum Saintes France 45°44′45″N 0°38′39″W / 45.745892°N 0.644060°W / 45.745892; -0.644060 (Mediolanum Santonum (Saintes)) [10] [2]
Montbouy France 47°52′22″N 2°49′09″E / 47.872894°N 2.819046°E / 47.872894; 2.819046 (Montbuoy)
Narbo Martius Narbonne France 43°11′01″N 3°00′15″E / 43.1836°N 3.0042°E / 43.1836; 3.0042 (Narbo Martius (Narbonne)) No amphitheatre has ever been located at Narbonne[2]
Nemausus Nîmes France 1st century AD 43°50′06″N 4°21′35″E / 43.834914°N 4.35965278°E / 43.834914; 4.35965278 (Nemausus (Nimes)) 133 x 101 Arena of Nîmes.[2] Still in use today (for Bullfighting, plays, concerts & events).
Samarobriva Amiens France 49°32′02″N 2°10′28″E / 49.534020°N 2.174333°E / 49.534020; 2.174333 (Samarobriva (Amiens)) [11] Now underground and buried [2]
Segodunum Rodez France 44°21′06″N 2°34′10″E / 44.3518°N 2.56939°E / 44.3518; 2.56939 (Segodunum (Rodez)) [2]
Tolosa Toulouse France 43°36′53″N 1°23′52″E / 43.614780°N 1.397841°E / 43.614780; 1.397841 (Tolosa (Toulouse)) [2]
Vesontio Besançon France 47°14′21″N 6°00′58″E / 47.239279°N 6.015977°E / 47.239279; 6.015977 (Vesontio (Besançon)) [2]
Vesuna Petrucorriorum Périgueux France 45°10′58″N 0°42′48″E / 45.1827°N 0.7134°E / 45.1827; 0.7134 (Vesuna Petrucorriorum (Perigueux)) [2]
Augusta Treverorum Trier Germany 2nd century AD 49°44′53″N 6°38′57″E / 49.748019°N 6.649105°E / 49.748019; 6.649105 (Augusta Treverorum (Trier)) 70.54 x 47.50 Trier Amphitheater
Castra Vetera Germany 51°38′15″N 6°28′22″E / 51.637517°N 6.472900°E / 51.637517; 6.472900 (Castra Vetera) Near Xanten
Colonia Ulpia Traiana Xanten Germany 51°40′02″N 6°27′05″E / 51.667200°N 6.451251°E / 51.667200; 6.451251 (Ulpia Traiana (Xanten))
Corinth Corinth Greece 37°54′35″N 22°53′31″E / 37.909824°N 22.892078°E / 37.909824; 22.892078 (Corinth (Corinth)) [2]
Gortyn Gortyn Greece 35°03′29″N 24°57′30″E / 35.058004°N 24.958405°E / 35.058004; 24.958405 (Gortyn (Gortyn)) Map of Gortyn, showing amphitheatre This is incorrect. It is a great theatre, long mistaken for an amphitheatre, but clearly D-shaped from aerial photos. The actual amphitheatre lies under the church in the village of Agioi Deka, built over the arena where the 10 saints were martyred. The shape of the arena can be made out in surrounding buildings.[2]
Aquincum Budapest Hungary 47°34′03″N 19°02′53″E / 47.567577°N 19.047985°E / 47.567577; 19.047985 (Aquincum (Budapest) - civil) Aquincum Civil Amphitheatre[2]
Aquincum Budapest Hungary 47°31′59″N 19°02′21″E / 47.532947°N 19.039066°E / 47.532947; 19.039066 (Aquincum (Budapest) - military) Aquincum Military Amphitheatre[2]
Gorsium Tác Hungary [2]
Caesarea Maritima Caesarea Israel 32°30′24″N 34°53′51″E / 32.506568°N 34.897378°E / 32.506568; 34.897378 (Caesarea Maritima) [2]
Eleutheropolis Beit Guvrin Israel 31°36′30″N 34°53′38″E / 31.6082°N 34.8939°E / 31.6082; 34.8939 (Eleutheropolis) [12] [2]
Scythopolis Bet She'an Israel 32°29′55″N 35°30′05″E / 32.498508°N 35.501446°E / 32.498508; 35.501446 (Scythopolis (Bet She'an)) [2]
Abella Avella Italy 40°57′41″N 14°36′30″E / 40.961454°N 14.608316°E / 40.961454; 14.608316 (Avella) Photograph
Abellinum Avellino Italy 40°55′00″N 14°47′00″E / 40.91667°N 14.78333°E / 40.91667; 14.78333 (Abellinum (Avellino)) [2]
Acelum Asolo Italy 45°48′00″N 11°55′00″E / 45.8°N 11.91667°E / 45.8; 11.91667 (Acelum (Asolo)) [2]
Alba Fucens Albe Italy 42°04′38″N 13°24′44″E / 42.0772°N 13.4123°E / 42.0772; 13.4123 (Alba Fucens (Albe)) Photograph[2]
Castra Albana Albano Laziale Italy 41°43′58″N 12°39′54″E / 41.732720°N 12.664948°E / 41.732720; 12.664948 (Alba Longa (Albano Laziale)) Roman Amphitheater of Albano Laziale
Albingaunum Albenga Italy 44°02′38″N 8°12′41″E / 44.043859°N 8.211315°E / 44.043859; 8.211315 (Albingaunum (Albenga)) [2]
Allifae Alife Italy 41°19′32″N 14°20′06″E / 41.325586°N 14.334989°E / 41.325586; 14.334989 (Allifae (Alife))
Altinum Altino Italy 45°32′57″N 12°24′00″E / 45.5492°N 12.4001°E / 45.5492; 12.4001 (Altinum (Altino)) [13]
Amiternum L'Aquila Italy 42°24′02″N 13°18′22″E / 42.400513°N 13.306014°E / 42.400513; 13.306014 (Amiternum (L'Aquila)) [14] [2]
Ancona Italy 43°37′29″N 13°30′43″E / 43.6246°N 13.5119°E / 43.6246; 13.5119 ((Ancona)) [2]
Antium Anzio Italy 41°27′00″N 12°37′00″E / 41.45°N 12.61667°E / 41.45; 12.61667 (Antium (Anzio)) [2]
Aquileia Italy 45°46′07″N 13°21′56″E / 45.76861°N 13.3656°E / 45.76861; 13.3656 (Aquileia) [2]
Aquinum Aquino Italy 41°30′N 13°42′E / 41.5°N 13.7°E / 41.5; 13.7 (Aquinum (Aquino)) Now completely disappeared, buried beneath the Autostrada.[2]
Ariminum Rimini Italy 44°03′36″N 12°34′29″E / 44.059939°N 12.574804°E / 44.059939; 12.574804 (Ariminum (Rimini)) [2]
Arretium Arezzo Italy 43°27′38″N 11°52′49″E / 43.460570°N 11.880326°E / 43.460570; 11.880326 (Arretium (Arezzo)) [2]
Asculum Ascoli Piceno Italy 42°51′20″N 13°34′15″E / 42.855678°N 13.570776°E / 42.855678; 13.570776 (Asculum (Ascoli Piceno)) [15]
Assisium Assisi Italy 43°04′16″N 12°37′13″E / 43.071079°N 12.620270°E / 43.071079; 12.620270 (Assisium (Assisi)) [16] [2]
Augusta Bagiennorum Bene Vagienna Italy 44°33′23″N 7°50′59″E / 44.556327°N 7.849728°E / 44.556327; 7.849728 (Augusta Bene Vagienna (Augusta Bagiennorum)) [2]
Augusta Praetoria Salassorum Aosta Italy 45°44′27″N 7°19′24″E / 45.740766°N 7.323419°E / 45.740766; 7.323419 (Augusta Praetoria Salassorum (Aosta)) [2]
Beneventum Benevento Italy 41°07′56″N 14°46′04″E / 41.132266°N 14.767640°E / 41.132266; 14.767640 (Beneventum (Benevento)) [17]
Cales Calvi Italy 41°12′05″N 14°08′16″E / 41.201408°N 14.137759°E / 41.201408; 14.137759 (Cales (Calvi)) [2]
Canusium Canosa di Puglia Italy 41°13′19″N 16°03′22″E / 41.222051°N 16.055983°E / 41.222051; 16.055983 (Canusium (Canosa di Puglia)) [2]
Capua Santa Maria Capua Vetere Italy 1st Century BC 41°05′09″N 14°15′00″E / 41.085931°N 14.250105°E / 41.085931; 14.250105 (Capua) 167 x 137 Just to the south, currently being excavated beneath the Piazza Adriano are the remains of another amphitheatre, believed to predate the standing one. Amphitheatre of Capua
Caralis Cagliari Italy 2nd century AD 39°13′26″N 9°06′48″E / 39.223914°N 9.113216°E / 39.223914; 9.113216 (Caralis (Cagliari)) 93 x 79 Roman Amphitheatre of Cagliari
Cagliari Anfiteatro Romano
Cagliari Anfiteatro Romano
Carsulae Italy 42°38′22″N 12°33′33″E / 42.6395°N 12.5591°E / 42.6395; 12.5591 (Carsulae) [18] [2]
Casinum Cassino Italy 41°28′58″N 13°49′25″E / 41.482732°N 13.823544°E / 41.482732; 13.823544 (Casinum (Cassino)) Photograph [2]
Catăna  • Catĭna Catania Italy 37°30′26″N 15°05′07″E / 37.507335°N 15.085354°E / 37.507335; 15.085354 (Catăna (Catania)) 125 x 105 Amphitheatre of Catania[5][2]
Civitas Camunnorum Cividate Camuno Italy 45°56′37″N 10°16′52″E / 45.9435°N 10.281°E / 45.9435; 10.281 (Civitas Camunnorum (Cividate Camuno)) Estimated capacity: 5500 people.[6] Civitas Camunnorum
Cumae Italy 40°50′31″N 14°03′21″E / 40.841929°N 14.055903°E / 40.841929; 14.055903 (Cumae) Photograph [2]
Egnatia Anazzo Italy 40°53′16″N 17°23′28″E / 40.887799°N 17.391103°E / 40.887799; 17.391103 (Egnatia (Anazzo)) Photograph [2]
Eporedia Ivrea Italy 45°28′04″N 7°53′16″E / 45.4678°N 7.88769°E / 45.4678; 7.88769 (Eporedia (Ivrea)) Ivrea Roman Amphitheatre[2]
Fabrateria Nova San Giovanni Incarico Italy 41°31′08″N 13°33′11″E / 41.518807°N 13.552995°E / 41.518807; 13.552995 (Fabrateria Nova (San Giovanni Incarico)) Photograph
Falerio Picenus Falerone Italy 43°06′04″N 13°29′47″E / 43.1011°N 13.4964°E / 43.1011; 13.4964 (Falerio Picenus (Falerone)) 120 × 105
Falerii Novi Italy 42°18′10″N 12°21′39″E / 42.302694°N 12.360894°E / 42.302694; 12.360894 (Falerii Novi) [19] [2]
Fidenae Italy A wooden amphitheatre collapsed here in AD 27, killing at least 20,000.[7]
Firmum Picenum Fermo Italy [20]
Florentia Florence Italy 43°46′09″N 11°15′34″E / 43.769228°N 11.259521°E / 43.769228; 11.259521 (Florentia (Florence)) Roman Amphitheatre of Florence[2]
Formiae Formia Italy 41°16′00″N 13°37′00″E / 41.26667°N 13.61667°E / 41.26667; 13.61667 (Formiae (Formia)) [2]
Forum Novum Vescovio Italy [21]
Forum Traiani - Sardinia Fordongianus Italy 39°59′36″N 8°48′17″E / 39.993215°N 8.804670°E / 39.993215; 8.804670 (Forum Traiani (Fordongianus)) partially excavated, mostly built of wood
Frusinum Frosinone Italy 39°35′37″N 8°28′54″E / 39.593526°N 8.481682°E / 39.593526; 8.481682 (Frusinum (Frosinone)) [2]
Grumentum Italy 40°17′14″N 15°54′42″E / 40.287320°N 15.911550°E / 40.287320; 15.911550 (Grumentum) [2]
Herdoniae Ordona Italy 41°18′38″N 15°37′23″E / 41.3105°N 15.6231°E / 41.3105; 15.6231 (Herdoniae (Ordona))? [2]
Himera Termini Imerese Italy 37°59′16″N 13°41′37″E / 37.987800°N 13.693664°E / 37.987800; 13.693664 (Himera (Termini Imerese)) Photograph [2]
Hispellum Spello Italy 42°59′45″N 12°39′55″E / 42.995938°N 12.665265°E / 42.995938; 12.665265 (Hispellum (Spello)) [22] [2]
Histonium Vasto Italy 42°06′41″N 14°42′28″E / 42.111279°N 14.707821°E / 42.111279; 14.707821 (Histonium (Vasto)) [23] [2]
Interamna Nahars Terni Italy 42°33′35″N 12°38′36″E / 42.5598°N 12.6433°E / 42.5598; 12.6433 (Interamna Nahars (Terni)) [24] [2]
Interamnia Praetutiana Teramo Italy 42°39′29″N 13°42′11″E / 42.658115°N 13.703109°E / 42.658115; 13.703109 (Interamna Praetutiana(Teramo)) Photograph [2]
Lanuvium Lanuvio Italy 41°41′00″N 12°42′00″E / 41.68333°N 12.7°E / 41.68333; 12.7 (Lanuvium (Lanuvio)) [25] Photograph [2]
Larinum Larino Italy 41°48′20″N 14°54′59″E / 41.805529°N 14.916364°E / 41.805529; 14.916364 (Larinum (Larino)) Photograph [2]
Legio Megiddo Israel 32°34′52″N 35°11′01″E / 32.5811388888889°N 35.1836388888889°E / 32.5811388888889; 35.1836388888889 (Legio) Legio Amphitheater[8][9]
Libarna Italy 44°42′21″N 8°52′04″E / 44.705942°N 8.867859°E / 44.705942; 8.867859 (Libarna) Amphitheatre of Libarna; [26][27] [2]
Liternum Lago di Patria Italy 40°55′01″N 14°01′46″E / 40.917073298049765°N 14.029566265509363°E / 40.917073298049765; 14.029566265509363 (Liternum) [2]
Lucca Italy 43°50′43″N 10°30′22″E / 43.845320°N 10.506166°E / 43.845320; 10.506166 (Lucca) [2]
Lucera Italy 41°30′30″N 15°20′42″E / 41.5083°N 15.3449°E / 41.5083; 15.3449 ((Lucera)) Lucera's amphitheatre [2]
Lucus Feroniae Italy 42°07′48″N 12°35′41″E / 42.129874°N 12.594746°E / 42.129874; 12.594746 (Lucus Feroniae) [2]
Luna Luni Italy 44°03′45″N 10°01′20″E / 44.062573°N 10.022085°E / 44.062573; 10.022085 (Luna (Luni)) [2]
Lupiae Lecce Italy 40°21′09″N 18°10′23″E / 40.352473°N 18.172944°E / 40.352473; 18.172944 (Lupiae (Lecce)) [2]
Marruvium San Benedetto dei Marsi Italy 42°00′23″N 13°37′39″E / 42.0065°N 13.6276°E / 42.0065; 13.6276 (Marruvium (San Benedetto dei Marsi))
Mediolanum Milan Italy 2nd century AD 45°27′25″N 9°10′43″E / 45.457026°N 9.178663°E / 45.457026; 9.178663 (Mediolanum (Milan)) Milan amphitheatre
Mevania Bevagna Italy 42°56′13″N 12°36′55″E / 42.936912°N 12.615350°E / 42.936912; 12.615350 (Mevania (Bevagna)) [28]
Minturnae Minturno Italy 41°14′30″N 13°45′50″E / 41.241630°N 13.763832°E / 41.241630; 13.763832 (Minturnae (Minturno)) [29]
Neapolis Naples Italy 40°51′07″N 14°15′20″E / 40.851843°N 14.255639°E / 40.851843; 14.255639 (Neapolis (Naples)) [30]
Nora Pula, Sardinia Italy Unexcavated [31] (English)[2]
Nuvlana Nola Italy 40°55′40″N 14°31′13″E / 40.927722°N 14.520287°E / 40.927722; 14.520287 (Nuvlana (Nola))
Ocriculum Otricoli Italy 42°24′43″N 12°28′01″E / 42.411882°N 12.466898°E / 42.411882; 12.466898 (Ocriculum (Otricoli)) [32] [33]
Ostia Ostia Antica Italy 41°45′14″N 12°17′24″E / 41.753898°N 12.289925°E / 41.753898; 12.289925 (Ostia Antica (Ostia)) New discovery [34][35][36][dead link]
Paestum Italy 40°25′21″N 15°00′23″E / 40.422409°N 15.006500°E / 40.422409; 15.006500 (Paestum) [2]
Patavium Padua Italy 45°24′42″N 11°52′45″E / 45.411630°N 11.879132°E / 45.411630; 11.879132 (Patavium (Padua)) The arena has been built upon, its site commemorated in the Arena Chapel[2]
Peltuinum Italy 42°17′13″N 13°37′24″E / 42.286878°N 13.623418°E / 42.286878; 13.623418 (Peltuinum) (?) [2]
Pollentia Pollenzo Italy 44°41′05″N 7°53′45″E / 44.684739°N 7.895866°E / 44.684739; 7.895866 (Pollentia (Pollenzo)) [2]
Pompeii Pompei Italy 1st century BC 40°45′05″N 14°29′42″E / 40.751264°N 14.494970°E / 40.751264; 14.494970 (Pompeii) 135 x 104 Amphitheatre of Pompeii
Puteoli Pozzuoli Italy 1st century AD 40°49′33″N 14°07′31″E / 40.825919°N 14.125313°E / 40.825919; 14.125313 (Puteoli (Pozzuoli)) 147 x 117 Flavian Amphitheater; a 2nd minor amphitheater buried beneath the nearby subway line.[2]
Roma Rome Italy 1st century AD 41°53′25″N 12°29′33″E / 41.890177°N 12.492395°E / 41.890177; 12.492395 (Colosseum) 189 x 156 Colosseum
Roma Rome Italy 3rd century AD 41°53′15″N 12°30′54″E / 41.887569°N 12.515047°E / 41.887569; 12.515047 (Amphitheatrum Castrense) 88 x 75.8 Amphitheatrum Castrense[37]
Roma Rome Italy 1st century AD 41°53′24″N 12°29′42″E / 41.889882°N 12.494881°E / 41.889882; 12.494881 (Ludus Magnus) Ludus Magnus, a "training amphitheatre". No longer extant are the Amphitheater of Statilius Taurus or the Amphitheater of Nero.
Rudiae Italy 40°20′03″N 18°08′50″E / 40.3342°N 18.1473°E / 40.3342; 18.1473 (Rudiae)? [2]
Rusellae Roselle Italy 1st century AD 42°49′42″N 11°09′33″E / 42.828364°N 11.159210°E / 42.828364; 11.159210 (Rusellae (Roselle)) [38] [2]
Scolacium Borgia Italy 38°49′12″N 16°35′00″E / 38.82°N 16.5833°E / 38.82; 16.5833 (Scolacium (Borgia)) Photograph [2]
Segusium Susa Italy 45°08′00″N 7°02′42″E / 45.133356°N 7.045136°E / 45.133356; 7.045136 (Segusium (Susa)) [2]
Spoletium Spoleto Italy 42°44′19″N 12°44′21″E / 42.738489°N 12.739059°E / 42.738489; 12.739059 (Spoletium (Spoleto)) [2]
Suasa Castelleone di Suasa Italy 43°37′29″N 12°59′12″E / 43.6247°N 12.9867°E / 43.6247; 12.9867 (Suasa (Castelleone di Suasa)) [2]
Sulci Sant'Antioco Italy 39°04′26″N 8°27′05″E / 39.073911°N 8.451355°E / 39.073911; 8.451355 (Sulci (Sant'Antioco)) partially excavated, mostly built of wood [39] (English)
Sutrium Sutri Italy 42°14′21″N 12°13′44″E / 42.239028°N 12.228974°E / 42.239028; 12.228974 (Sutrium (Sutri)) [2]
Syracusae Syracuse Italy 37°04′27″N 15°16′44″E / 37.074178°N 15.278904°E / 37.074178; 15.278904 (Syracusae (Syracuse)) Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse[2]
Teate Marrucinorum Chieti Italy 42°20′43″N 14°09′45″E / 42.345175°N 14.162512°E / 42.345175; 14.162512 (Teate Marrucinorum (Chieti)) [2]
Telesia Telese Terme Italy 41°13′26″N 14°30′04″E / 41.223857°N 14.501014°E / 41.223857; 14.501014 (Telesia (Telese Terme)) [2]
Tharros Cabras Italy 39°52′36″N 8°26′27″E / 39.876583°N 8.440699°E / 39.876583; 8.440699 (Tharros (Cabras)) 46.47 x 46.47 circular, unexcavated, mostly built of wood [40] (English)

[41]

Tibur Tivoli Italy 41°57′39″N 12°47′53″E / 41.960705°N 12.798095°E / 41.960705; 12.798095 (Tibur (Tivoli)) [2]
Trebula Mutuesca Monteleone Sabino Italy 42°13′43″N 12°52′03″E / 42.228480°N 12.867593°E / 42.228480; 12.867593 (Trebula Mutuesca (Monteleone Sabino))
Tusculum Italy [2]
Tutere Todi Italy 42°46′43″N 12°24′48″E / 42.778637°N 12.413282°E / 42.778637; 12.413282 (Tutere (Todi)) [2]
Urbs Salvia Urbisaglia Italy 43°12′03″N 13°23′14″E / 43.2009°N 13.3872°E / 43.2009; 13.3872 (Urbs Salvia (Urbisaglia)) Picture (?) [2]
Veleia Italy 44°47′06″N 9°43′24″E / 44.785057°N 9.723301°E / 44.785057; 9.723301 (Veleia) [2]
Venafrum Venafro Italy 41°28′58″N 14°02′47″E / 41.482710°N 14.046255°E / 41.482710; 14.046255 (Venafrum (Venafro)) [2]
Venusia Venosa Italy 40°58′11″N 15°49′35″E / 40.969681°N 15.826380°E / 40.969681; 15.826380 (Venusia (Venosa)) [2]
Verona Verona Italy 1st century AD 45°26′20″N 10°59′40″E / 45.439006°N 10.994400°E / 45.439006; 10.994400 (Verona) 152 x 123 Verona Arena is still functional.
Villa of the Antonines Genzano di Roma Italy 41°41′34″N 12°41′46″E / 41.692832°N 12.696152°E / 41.692832; 12.696152 (Villa of the Antonines) [10]
Volsinii Bolsena Italy 42°39′01″N 11°59′24″E / 42.650256°N 11.990112°E / 42.650256; 11.990112 (Volsinii (Bolsena)) [2]
Zagarolo Italy 41°51′31″N 12°49′09″E / 41.858487°N 12.819272°E / 41.858487; 12.819272 (Zagarolo)
Botrus Batroun Lebanon 34°15′12″N 35°39′38″E / 34.253315°N 35.660419°E / 34.253315; 35.660419 (Botrus (Batroun)) [2]
Cyrene Libya 32°49′29″N 21°51′03″E / 32.824585°N 21.850739°E / 32.824585; 21.850739 (Cyrene) [2]
Leptis Magna Libya 32°37′56″N 14°18′33″E / 32.632251°N 14.309281°E / 32.632251; 14.309281 (Leptis Magna) [2]
Ptolemais Libya 32°42′29″N 20°56′44″E / 32.707946°N 20.945587°E / 32.707946; 20.945587 (Ptolemais) [42] [2]
Sabratha Libya 32°48′14″N 12°29′38″E / 32.803934°N 12.494008°E / 32.803934; 12.494008 (Sabratha) [2]
Lixus Morocco 35°11′59″N 6°06′31″W / 35.199735°N 6.108586°W / 35.199735; -6.108586 (Lixus) Amphitheater of Lixus[43] [2]
Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum Nijmegen The Netherlands 51°51′41″N 6°02′45″E / 51.861286°N 6.045742°E / 51.861286; 6.045742 (Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Nijmegen)) No longer extant, but traced out in the street paving of the present-day Rembrandstraat with a few bits of its foundations still visible
Bobadela Portugal 40°21′40″N 7°53′36″W / 40.361098°N 7.893427°W / 40.361098; -7.893427 ((Bobadela)) [2]
Conímbriga Portugal 1st century BC 40°06′01″N 8°29′43″W / 40.100360°N 8.495403°W / 40.100360; -8.495403 ((Conímbriga)) Conímbriga's amphitheatre [2]
Tavira Portugal [2]
Micia Veţel Romania 45°54′54″N 22°49′02″E / 45.914951°N 22.817234°E / 45.914951; 22.817234 (Veţel (Micia)) [2]
Porolissum Moigrad-Porolissum Romania 47°10′39″N 23°09′15″E / 47.177632°N 23.154054°E / 47.177632; 23.154054 (Porolissum (Moigrad)) [2]
Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa Sarmizegetusa Romania 45°31′00″N 22°47′09″E / 45.516751°N 22.785838°E / 45.516751; 22.785838 (Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa) [2]
Inveresk Scotland [44]
Trimontium Newstead Scotland 55°36′09″N 2°40′39″W / 55.6026°N 2.6775°W / 55.6026; -2.6775 (Trimontium (Newstead)) [45]
Viminacium Stari Kostolac Serbia 44°43′00″N 21°10′01″E / 44.7167°N 21.167°E / 44.7167; 21.167 (Viminacium (Stari Kostolac)) [46]
Rekonstruisani amfiteatar
Rekonstruisani amfiteatar
Carmo Carmona Spain 37°28′11″N 5°39′03″W / 37.469600°N 5.650728°W / 37.469600; -5.650728 ((Carmona)) [2]
Carthago Nova Cartagena Spain 37°36′03″N 0°58′48″W / 37.600771°N 0.980048°W / 37.600771; -0.980048 (Carthago Nova (Cartagena)) [2]
Corduba Córdoba Spain 37°53′03″N 4°47′20″W / 37.884140°N 4.788804°W / 37.884140; -4.788804 (Corduba (Córdoba)) [47]
Emerita Augusta Mérida Spain 1st century BC 38°54′57″N 6°20′16″W / 38.915956°N 6.337893°W / 38.915956; -6.337893 (Emerita Augusta (Mérida)) Mérida amphitheatre[2]
Emporiae Empúries Spain 2nd century AD 42°07′48″N 3°07′03″E / 42.1301°N 3.11741°E / 42.1301; 3.11741 (Emporion (Ampurias))? [2]
Forum Municipii Flavii Caparensis Cáparra Spain 40°09′51″N 6°06′00″W / 40.1643°N 6.09997°W / 40.1643; -6.09997 (Forum Municipii Flavii Caparensis (Caparra)) [2]
Italica Itálica Spain 2nd century AD[11] 37°26′38″N 6°02′48″W / 37.443816°N 6.046670°W / 37.443816; -6.046670 (Italica) 157 x 134 Roman amphitheatre of Italica[2]
Segobriga Saelices Spain 39°53′10″N 2°48′50″W / 39.8860°N 2.8140°W / 39.8860; -2.8140 (Segobriga (Saelices)) [48] [2]
Sisapo Almodovar del Campo Spain 38°38′47″N 4°31′06″W / 38.6463°N 4.51827°W / 38.6463; -4.51827 (Sisapo (Almodovar del Campo)) Excavation began in 2009
Tarraco Tarragona Spain 2nd century AD 41°06′52″N 1°15′32″E / 41.114547°N 1.258817°E / 41.114547; 1.258817 (Tarraco (Tarragona)) 130 x 102 Tarragona Amphitheatre[2]
Augusta Raurica Augst Switzerland 47°31′46″N 7°43′14″E / 47.529313°N 7.720602°E / 47.529313; 7.720602 (Augusta Raurica (Augst)) [2]
Aventicum Avenches Switzerland 46°52′52″N 7°02′34″E / 46.881003°N 7.042657°E / 46.881003; 7.042657 (Aventicum (Avenches)) [2]
Brenodurum (?) Bern Switzerland 46°58′33″N 7°27′04″E / 46.975758°N 7.451130°E / 46.975758; 7.451130 (Brenodurum (Bern)) Engehalbinsel[2][12]
Julia Equestris Nyon Switzerland 46°23′00″N 6°14′29″E / 46.383451°N 6.241263°E / 46.383451; 6.241263 (Julia Equestris (Nyon)) [49]
Octodurum Martigny Switzerland 46°05′40″N 7°04′24″E / 46.094365°N 7.073460°E / 46.094365; 7.073460 (Octodurum (Martigny)) [2]
Vindonissa Windisch Switzerland 47°28′34″N 8°12′49″E / 47.476249°N 8.213603°E / 47.476249; 8.213603 (Vindonissa (Windisch)) [2]
Bosra Syria 32°31′05″N 36°28′48″E / 32.517922°N 36.479872°E / 32.517922; 36.479872 (Bosra)
Dura Europos Syria 3rd century AD 34°44′59″N 40°43′44″E / 34.749855°N 40.728926°E / 34.749855; 40.728926 (Dura Europos) [2] Small amphitheatre primarily built for the soldiers there. Remains destroyed by ISIS.
Agbia Tunisia [1]
Acholla Tunisia 35°04′34″N 11°01′08″E / 35.0762°N 11.0188°E / 35.0762; 11.0188 (Acholla) [1]
Bararus Tunisia 35°12′43″N 10°47′28″E / 35.211842°N 10.791201°E / 35.211842; 10.791201 (Bararus) [1]
Belalis Maior Hr. el Faouar Tunisia [1]
Bulla Regia Tunisia 36°33′37″N 8°45′28″E / 36.560414°N 8.757769°E / 36.560414; 8.757769 (Bulla Regia) [1]
Carpis Tunisia [1]
Carthago Carthage Tunisia 36°51′23″N 10°18′54″E / 36.856336°N 10.314921°E / 36.856336; 10.314921 (Carthago (Carthage)) 156 x 128 Carthage amphitheatre
Girba Djerba Tunisia 33°41′09″N 10°54′50″E / 33.685822°N 10.913907°E / 33.685822; 10.913907 (Djerba (Djerba))
Colonia Julia Aurelia Commoda Thuburbo Majus Tunisia 36°23′54″N 9°54′21″E / 36.398212°N 9.905750°E / 36.398212; 9.905750 (Colonia Julia Aurelia Commoda (Thuburbo Majus)) [50][1]
Hadrumentum Sousse Tunisia 35°49′34″N 10°38′24″E / 35.826°N 10.64°E / 35.826; 10.64 (Hadrumentum (Sousse)) [1]
Jebel Moraba Tunisia 36°35′51″N 9°51′39″E / 36.597628°N 9.860814°E / 36.597628; 9.860814 ((Jebel Moraba)) [1]
Ksar Hellal Tunisia [1]
Ksar Lemsa Tunisia 36°02′05″N 9°41′36″E / 36.034857°N 9.693440°E / 36.034857; 9.693440 ((Ksar Lemsa)) [51]
Leptis Minor Tunisia 35°40′42″N 10°51′59″E / 35.678313°N 10.866518°E / 35.678313; 10.866518 (Leptis Minor) [1]
Mactaris Maktar Tunisia 35°51′20″N 9°12′23″E / 35.855562°N 9.206366°E / 35.855562; 9.206366 (Mactaris) [1]
Municipium Aurelium Commodum Henchir Bou Cha Tunisia 36°31′40″N 9°53′21″E / 36.5277°N 9.88918°E / 36.5277; 9.88918 (Municipium Aurelium Commodum (Henchir Bou Cha)) [52]
Pheradi Maius Bouficha Tunisia 36°15′00″N 10°23′49″E / 36.250003°N 10.397047°E / 36.250003; 10.397047 (Pheradi Maius (Sidi Khalifa)) [1]
Pupput Hammamet, Tunisia Tunisia 36°24′00″N 10°37′00″E / 36.4°N 10.616667°E / 36.4; 10.616667 (Pupput (Hammamet)) [1]
Seressi Oum El Abouab Tunisia 36°09′49″N 9°46′32″E / 36.163516°N 9.775575°E / 36.163516; 9.775575 (Seressi) [1]
Sicca Veneria El Kef Tunisia 36°11′10″N 8°42′00″E / 36.186°N 8.7°E / 36.186; 8.7 (Sicca Veneria (El Kef)) [1]
Simitthus Chemtou Tunisia 36°29′25″N 8°34′49″E / 36.490397°N 8.580217°E / 36.490397; 8.580217 (Simitthus (Chemtou)) Map of Simitthus Photograph [1]
Sufetula Sbeitla Tunisia 35°14′37″N 9°06′52″E / 35.243627°N 9.114540°E / 35.243627; 9.114540 (Sufetula (Sbeitla)) Map of Sufetula [1]
Thaenae Tunisia 34°39′20″N 10°40′23″E / 34.655531°N 10.673080°E / 34.655531; 10.673080 (Thaenae)
Thapsus Tunisia 35°37′09″N 11°02′32″E / 35.619145°N 11.042257°E / 35.619145; 11.042257 (Thapsus) [1]
Thibaris Tunisia 36°30′17″N 9°04′54″E / 36.504680°N 9.081555°E / 36.504680; 9.081555 (Thignica (Ain Tounga)) [1]
Thignica Ain Tounga Tunisia 36°31′40″N 9°21′42″E / 36.527815°N 9.361791°E / 36.527815; 9.361791 (Thignica (Ain Tounga)) [2]
Thimisua Argoub Tunisia 36°18′39″N 9°19′09″E / 36.310720°N 9.319186°E / 36.310720; 9.319186 (Thimisua (Gaafour)) [1]
Thuburbo Minus Tebourba Tunisia 36°49′46″N 9°50′28″E / 36.829485°N 9.841089°E / 36.829485; 9.841089 (Thurburbo Minus (Thebourba)) The amphitheatre here was destroyed at the end of the 17th century during the construction of a bridge.[1]Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Thuburbo Minus" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Thugga Tunisia 36°25′27″N 9°13′02″E / 36.4242°N 9.21733°E / 36.4242; 9.21733 ((Thugga)) [2]
Thysdrus El Djem Tunisia 3rd century 35°17′47″N 10°42′25″E / 35.2964°N 10.7069°E / 35.2964; 10.7069 (Thysdrus (El Djem) - Large) 148 x 122 Amphitheatre of El Jem
Uchi Maius Tunisia 36°24′44″N 9°05′07″E / 36.4123°N 9.08526°E / 36.4123; 9.08526 (Uchi Maius) [2]
Ulissipira Tunisia 35°57′31″N 10°26′28″E / 35.958633°N 10.441163°E / 35.958633; 10.441163 (Ulissipira) [1]
Upenna Enfida Tunisia 36°08′02″N 10°22′39″E / 36.133958°N 10.377445°E / 36.133958; 10.377445 (Upenna (Enfida)) Nothing now remains of Upenna amphitheatre.[2]
Uthina Oudna Tunisia 36°36′31″N 10°10′10″E / 36.608681°N 10.169365°E / 36.608681; 10.169365 (Uthina (Oudna)) 113 × 90 [53]
Utica Tunisia 37°03′09″N 10°03′26″E / 37.052482°N 10.057350°E / 37.052482; 10.057350 (Utica) 2 amphitheatres [1]
Anazarbus Turkey 37°14′39″N 35°53′42″E / 37.244079°N 35.894983°E / 37.244079; 35.894983 (Anazarbus) [54]
Mastaura (Caria) Turkey 37°57′23″N 28°20′30″E / 37.956332°N 28.341756°E / 37.956332; 28.341756 (Mastaura) [55]
Pergamon Bergama Turkey 39°07′33″N 27°10′28″E / 39.125747°N 27.174432°E / 39.125747; 27.174432 (Pergamon (Bergama)) Map
Isca Augusta Caerleon Wales 51°36′29″N 2°57′25″W / 51.608056°N 2.956889°W / 51.608056; -2.956889 (Isca Augusta (Caerleon)) Caerleon amphitheatre [2]
Moridunum Carmarthen Wales 51°51′43″N 4°17′48″W / 51.862004°N 4.296705°W / 51.862004; -4.296705 (Moridunum (Carmarthen)) [2]
Tomen y Mur Wales 52°55′55″N 3°55′24″W / 52.931914°N 3.923463°W / 52.931914; -3.923463 ((Tomen-y-Mur)) near Llan Ffestiniog [56] [2]
Venta Silurum Caerwent Wales 51°36′45″N 2°45′59″W / 51.612381°N 2.766406°W / 51.612381; -2.766406 (Venta Silurum (Caerwent)) [2]

See also

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Related modern building structures

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Jean-Claude Lachaux: Théâtres et amphithéâtres d'Afrique Proconsulaire. Édisud, La Calade, Aix-en-Provence 1970
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew Raymond G. Chase: Ancient Hellenistic and Roman amphitheatres, stadiums, and theatres: the way they look now. P. E. Randall, Portsmouth 2002, ISBN 1-931807-08-6
  3. ^ "BNR Radio Bulgaria History and Religion". www.bnr.bg. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  4. ^ Pula amphitheatre
  5. ^ R. J. Wilson, La topografia della Catania romana. Problemi e prospettive, in <<CATANIA ANTICA, Atti del Convegno della SISAC>>, Pisa-Roma 1996, pp. 165-167.
  6. ^ Mariotti 2004
  7. ^ s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 4#62
  8. ^ "First Roman military amphitheater in Southern Levant". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  9. ^ Liu, Michael (2022-08-04). "First Roman military amphitheater discovered in Israel's Armageddon". News and Events. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  10. ^ FASTI On-line. "c.d. Villa degli Antonin". Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  11. ^ "Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica. Portal de Museos y Conjuntos Arqueológicos y Monumentales de Andalucía". www.juntadeandalucia.es. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
  12. ^ Bern, Engehalbinsel, Römerbad Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine(in German)
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