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List of Jews born in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union

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"Jewish Russian" redirects here. For the general treatment of the subject, see History of the Jews in Russia.
See also: List of Belarusian Jews, List of Ukrainian Jews, List of North European Jews, List of East European Jews, and List of Asian Jews
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This List of Jews contains individuals who, in accordance with Wikipedia's verifiability and no original research policies, have been identified as Jews by reliable sources.

The following is a list of Jews born in the territory of the former Russian Empire. It is geographically defined, so it also includes people born after the dissolution of the Russian Empire in 1922 and its successor the Soviet Union in 1991.

A few years before the Holocaust, the Jewish population of the Soviet Union (excluding Western Ukraine and the Baltic states that were not part of the Soviet Union then) stood at over 5 million, most of whom were Ashkenazic as opposed to Sephardic, with some Karaite minorities. It is estimated that more than half died directly as a result of the Holocaust.

Politics and military

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Politicians

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Israeli politicians

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Israeli military persons

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Soviet soldiers and revolutionaries

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  • Osip Aptekman, revolutionary[51]
  • Pavel Axelrod, Menshevik, Marxist revolutionary[8][52]
  • Yevno Azef, revolutionary[1]
  • Tuvia Bielski, Belarusian partisan[53]
  • Yakov Blumkin, Soviet spy[53]
  • Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Soviet Front Commander, WWII[54]
  • Fedor Dan, revolutionary[55]
  • Leo Deutsch, revolutionary[56]
  • David Dragunsky, Soviet tank brigade commander, WWII[55]
  • Raya Dunayevskaya, founder of Marxist humanism in the U.S.[57]
  • Hesya Helfman, revolutionary[58]
  • Grigory Gershuni, revolutionary[58]
  • Moshe Gildenman, known as Dyadya ("Uncle") Misha, partisan commander[59]
  • Mordechai Schlein, partisan and violinist.Tzvi (2020-08-17). "12-Year-Old Jewish Hero of WWII | Aish". Aish.com. Retrieved 2024-10-27.</ref>
  • Grigory Goldenberg, revolutionary[58]
  • Olga Kameneva, Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician (sister of Leon Trotsky)[60]
  • Walter Krivitsky, Soviet spy[10]
  • Semyon Krivoshein, Soviet mechanized corps commander, WWII[10]
  • Rodion Malinovsky, Soviet front commander, WWII, Minister of Defence[14] (Jewish origin is disputed)
  • Mark Natanson, revolutionary[61]
  • Alexander Parvus, revolutionary[8][62]
  • Grigoriy Plaskov, Soviet artillery lieutenant
  • Sidney Reilly (born Shlomo Rosenblum), Ukrainian-born adventurer and Secret Intelligence Service agent[63]
  • Theodore Rothstein, Russian-British communist[17]
  • Pinhas Rutenberg, Zionist, Social revolutionary[17]
  • Israel and Manya Shochat, founders of the Hashomer movement
  • Moisei Uritsky, communist revolutionary[22]
  • Volin (Vsevolod Eikhenbaum), leading Russian Anarchist. Senior member of Nestor Makhno's movement (1918–1921)
  • V. Volodarsky, communist revolutionary[64]
  • Iona Yakir, Red Army commander and one of the world's major military reformers between World War I and World War II[24]

Others

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Business figures

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Scientists

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Natural scientists

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Mathematicians

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Social scientists and philosophers

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Medical scientists and physicians

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Cultural figures

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Fine artists

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Musicians

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Joseph Kobzon, Russia's most decorated artist, often described as the "Russian Sinatra"

Performing artists

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Writers and poets

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Religious figures

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Sport figures

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Chess

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Boxing

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Canoeing

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Fencing

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Figure skating

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Irina Slutskaya

Football (American)

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Gymnastics

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Ice hockey

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Judo

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Rugby league

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Sailing

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  • Valentyn Mankin, Soviet/Ukraine, only sailor in Olympic history to win gold medals in three different classes (yachting: finn class, tempest class, and star class), silver (yachting, tempest class)

Shooting

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Soccer (association football)

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Speed skating

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  • Rafayel Grach, USSR, Olympic silver (500-meter), bronze (500-meter)

Swimming

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  • Vadim Alexeev, Kazakhstan-born Israeli, breaststroke[178]
  • Semyon Belits-Geiman, USSR, Olympic silver (400-m freestyle relay) and bronze (800-m freestyle relay); world record in men's 800-m freestyle
  • Lenny Krayzelburg, Ukrainian-born US, 4x Olympic champion (100-m backstroke, 200-m backstroke, twice 4x100-m medley relay); 3x world champion (100-m and 200-m backstroke, 4×100-m medley) and 2x silver (4×100-m medley, 50-m backstroke); 3 world records (50-, 100-, and 200-m backstroke)

Table tennis

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Tennis

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Track and field

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Volleyball

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Water polo

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Weightlifting

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  • Moisei Kas’ianik, Ukrainian-born USSR, world champion[176]
  • Grigory Novak, Soviet, Olympic silver (middle-heavyweight); world champion
  • Rudolf Plyukfelder, Soviet, Olympic champion, 2x world champion (light heavyweight)[187]
  • David Rigert, Kazakh-born USSR, Olympic champion, 5x world champion (light-heavyweight and heavyweight), 68 world records[188]
  • Igor Rybak, Ukrainian-born USSR, Olympic champion (lightweight)
  • Valery Shary, Byelorussian-born USSR, Olympic champion (light-heavyweight)

Wrestling

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Other sports

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See also

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Footnotes

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