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List of German serial killers

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A serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more people, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them.[1][2] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines serial killing as "a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone".[3][4]

Pre-reunification

[edit]
Name Years active Proven victims Possible victims Status Notes Ref
Bartsch, Jürgen 1962–1966 4 4 Died during castration surgery Known as "The Carnival Killer"; killed boys aged 8–13 in Langenberg, with one managing to escape [5]
Beck, Ernst-Dieter 1961–1968 3 3 Died while imprisoned First murderer in German history on whom a chromosome test was applied [6]
Bingelhelm, Simon 16th-century 26 26 Executed 1600 Known as "The Thousand Devils of Halberstadt"; robber who confessed to multiple murders in the present-day area of Saxony-Anhalt [7]
Boost, Werner 1953–1956 1 5 Released 1990 Known as "The Couples' Killer"; along with accomplice Franz Lorbach, murdered couples in the 1950s, but only convicted of one murder [8]
Denke, Karl 1903–1924 30 42+ Committed suicide in police custody Cannibal who killed homeless vagrants and travellers in Prussia; allegedly sold his victims' flesh as meat to unsuspecting customers [9]
Eichhorn, Johann 1931–1939 5 5+ Executed 1939 Known as "The Beast of Aubing"; raped numerous women around western Munich, killing and mutilating at least five of them when they resisted him [10]
Fleischer, Simeon 16th-century 19 19 Executed 1581 Wool weaver who murdered 19 wives for money; existence is disputed [11]
Gatter, Arthur 1990 8 8 Committed suicide before sentencing Known as "The Hammer-Killer of Frankfurt"; killed people with a hammer in Frankfurt city parks [12]
Genipperteinga, Christman 1568–1581 964 964 Executed 1581 Possibly fictitious bandit who kept a registry of all the people he had killed, tallying up to 964 [13][14]
Gossmann, Klaus 1960–1965 7 7 Released 2015 Known as "The Midday Murderer"; committed robberies and murders at noon, hence his nickname [15]
Gottfried, Gesche 1813–1827 15 15 Executed 1831 Poisoned people with arsenic in Bremen and Hanover; last person to be publicly hanged in Bremen [16]
Großmann, Carl 1918–1921 26 100+ Committed suicide while imprisoned Known as "The Berlin Butcher"; killed women and later sold their flesh on the black market [17]
Haarmann, Fritz 1918–1924 24 27+ Executed 1925 Known as "The Butcher of Hanover"; murdered young men and boys before dismembering their bodies; allegedly sold some of the flesh as contraband meat [18]
Hagedorn, Erwin 1969–1971 3 3 Executed 1972 Killed three boys in Eberswalde; last civilian to be executed by East Germany in 1972 [19]
Hanebuth, Jasper 17th-century 19 19 Executed 1653 Former mercenary and highwayman who killed people around the Eilenriede forest [20]
Holst, Thomas 1987–1989 3 3 Committed to a psychiatric clinic Known as "The Heidemörder"; tortured and then killed women in south Hamburg [21]
Honka, Fritz 1970–1975 4 4 Died 1998 Murdered prostitutes in Hamburg's red light district [22]
Hopf, Karl 1902–1906 4 4 Executed 1914 Poisoned family members and attempted to kill others in the Frankfurt area [23]
Imiela, Arwed 1968–1969 4 4 Died in prison Known as "The Bluebeard of Fehmarn"; fraudster who lured and killed women in Fehmarn after gaining access to their bank accounts [24]
Kimmritz, Willi 1946–1948 4 4 Executed 1950 Known as "The Horror of the Brandenburg Forest"; raped and robbed women in the forests around Berlin, killing some of his victims [25]
Kroll, Joachim 1955–1976 14 14 Died while imprisoned Known as "The Ruhr Cannibal"; raped and killed mostly women in and around the Ruhr region, eating parts of their flesh afterwards [26]
Kürten, Peter 1913–1929 9 9+ Executed 1931 Known as "The Vampire of Düsseldorf"; responsible for numerous sexual assaults, murders and attempted murders in Düsseldorf [27]
Lehmann, Christa 1952–1954 3 3 Released 1977 Poisoned family members and the family dog; initially sentenced to life imprisonment but released after 23 years
Ludy, Franz Josef 1952–1968 4 4 Sentenced to life imprisonment Serial child abuser who murdered two children and a couple [28]
Mayer, Johann 1918–1919 5 5 Executed 1923 Known as "Stumpfarm"; disabled man who shot and killed people with a carbine [29]
Niers, Peter 16th-century 544 544+ Executed 1581 Reputed bandit and gang leader who killed numerous people with his accomplices
Ogorzow, Paul 1940–1941 8 8+ Executed 1941 Known as "The S-Bahn Murderer"; SA sergeant who killed women in wartime Berlin [30]
Pinzner, Werner 1984–1986 13 13 Committed suicide to avoid apprehension Known as "The St. Pauli Killer"; contract killer who murdered various people around Hamburg [31][32]
Pleil, Rudolf 1946–1947 10 25 Committed suicide while imprisoned Known as "The Deadmaker"; killed one salesman and nine women in the Harz mountain range, but confessed to killing more [33]
Poehlke, Norbert 1984–1985 6 6 Committed suicide to avoid apprehension Known as "The Hammer-Killer"; police officer and bank robber who killed people during his crimes in Baden-Württemberg; killed his wife, two sons and then himself in Italy to avoid capture [34]
Pommerenke, Heinrich 1959 4 4+ Died while imprisoned Killed women around Baden-Württemberg; longest-serving prisoner in Germany until his death [35]
Prigan, Bernhard 1947–1952 3 16 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Strangler"; killed women near controlled-access highways and major roads [36]
Reinstrom, Lutz 1986–1988 2 2 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Acid Killer"; sadomasochist who tortured and killed two women in Hamburg [37]
Schiffer, Egidius 1983–1990 5 5 Died in prison Known as "The Strangler of Aachen"; murdered girls and women, sexually abusing three of them [38]
Schmidt, Ulrich 1987–1989 5 5 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Holiday Killer"; Assaulted nine women in Essen, killing five. [39]
Schumann, Friedrich 1918–1920 7 7 Executed 1921 Known as "The Terror of Falkenhagen Lake"; criminal who killed people in the Berlin area [40]
Seefeldt, Adolf 1908–1935 12 12+ Executed 1936 Known as "The Sandman"; travelling watchmaker who poisoned and then sexually assaulted young boys in their sleep [41]
Steinwegs, Kurt-Friedhelm 1974–1983 6 6 Committed to a psychiatric institution Known as "The Monster from Lower Rhine"; juvenile delinquent who killed six people [42]
Sternickel, August 1905–1913 7 7 Executed 1913 Petty criminal who killed his employer in 1905; while on the run for authorities in the next years, proceeded to kill other people for profit [43]
Stiebitz, Mario 1983–1984 5 5 Sentenced to life imprisonment Sadist who murdered a young man and four children around Neubrandenburg and the surrounding area [44]
Stumpp, Peter c. 1564–1589 18 18 Executed 1589 Known as "The Werewolf of Bedburg"; farmer and accused cannibal who killed people in the 16th-century [45]
Tessnow, Ludwig 1898–1901 4 4 Executed 1904 First criminal in history on whom a blood type test was performed [46]
Ursinus, Sophie 1796–1803 3 3 Died 1836 Poisoned her family members with arsenic; her trial led to a method of identifying said type of poisoning [47]
Velten, Maria 1963–1982 3 5 Died 2008 Known as "The Poison Witch from Lower Rhine"; poisoned her family members and partners with parathion; released from prison at 93 [48]
Wiese, Elisabeth 1902–1903 5 5 Executed 1905 Known as "The Angel Maker of St. Pauli"; poisoned her grandchild and other children with morphine, burning their bodies in the stove afterwards [49]
Wichmann, Kurt-Werner 1989 4 21+ Committed suicide Cemetery gardener thought to be responsible for the Göhrde Murders, and other ones as well [50]
Wittmann, Ferdinand 1860–1865 6 6 Executed 1868 Poisoned his relatives with arsenic; youngest serial killer in German history [51]
Wittmann, Manfred 1968–1969 3 3 Released 2013 Known as "The Staffelstein Killer"; sadist who killed underage girls in Coburg [52]
Zwanziger, Anna Maria 1801–1811 4 4 Executed 1811 Bavarian poisoner who killed people with arsenic; executed by decapitation in Kulmbach [53]

Post-reunification

[edit]
Name Years active Proven victims Possible victims Status Notes Ref
Becker, Irene 2005–2006 5 8 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Angel of Death from Charité" [54]
Bodenfelde Black Widows 1983–2000 4 4 Sentenced to life imprisonment/12 years imprisonment Lydia L. killed 4 older men with the help of Siggi S. in Bodenfelde. [55]
Böhnhardt, Uwe 2000–2007 10 10 Killed by partner Neo-Nazi who killed immigrants throughout Germany, with accomplices Beate Zschäpe and Uwe Mundlos [56]
David, Horst 1975–1993 3 7+ Sentenced to life imprisonment One of his murders proved to be a milestone in German criminal history, as it was the first 20-year-old crime to be solved with the help of the computer-assisted tracking system of AFIS [57]
Eckert, Volker 1974–2006 6 14+ Committed suicide in police custody Trucker who abducted, tortured and killed prostitutes in Germany, Spain and France; confessed to additional murders, including ones in Italy and the Czech Republic [58]
Gust, Frank 1994–1998 4 4 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Rhine-Ruhr-Ripper"; sexual sadist who killed and subsequently mutilated women in the Rhine-Ruhr region [59]
Hoffmann, Marc 2004 2 2+ Sentenced to life imprisonment Sex offender who sexually abused and murdered two children; suspected of other murders [60][61]
Högel, Niels 2000–2005 106 300 Sentenced to life imprisonment Male nurse who killed patients in two hospitals in Oldenburg and Delmenhorst [62][63]
Lemke, Thomas 1995–1996 3 3 Sentenced to life imprisonment Former mercenary and far-right extremist who killed political opponents [64]
Letter, Stephan 2003–2004 29 29+ Sentenced to life imprisonment Male nurse who poisoned patients in Sonthofen [65]
Metzler, Marco 2003–2006 3 3 Sentenced to life imprisonment Truck driver who attacked and killed women along highways [66]
Mundlos, Uwe 2000–2007 10 10 Committed suicide to avoid apprehension Neo-Nazi who killed immigrants throughout Germany, with accomplices Beate Zschäpe and Uwe Böhnhardt [67]
Ney, Martin 1992–2004 3 4 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Masked Man"; prolific pedophile who murdered children in school camps; additionally suspected of killing French boy Jonathan Coulom [68]
Nölle, Marianne 1993 7 17 Sentenced to life imprisonment Nurse who killed patients in Cologne [69]
Plumain, Jacques 1999–2000 3 3 Sentenced to life imprisonment Known as "The Ghost of Kehl"; Guadeloupean man who killed two women in Kehl and one in the French forest of La Wantzenau [70]
Rieken, Ronny 1996–1998 2 2 Sentenced to life imprisonment First German criminal to be captured via DNA profiling [71]
Rung, Thomas 1983–1995 7 7 Sentenced to life imprisonment Raped and murdered six women in Berlin, as well as his stepbrother; another man falsely confessed to his first murder [72]
S., Tuba 2016 3 3+ Sentenced to life imprisonment Murdered at least three people in robberies in Düsseldorf and Giessen [73]
Schmidt, Beate 1989–1991 6 6 Committed to a psychiatric hospital Known as "The Beast of Beelitz"; trans woman who killed five women and an infant in Beelitz [74]
Seel, Manfred 1971–2004 5 9 Died from esophageal cancer Known as "The Hesse Ripper"; suspected of killing women in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main and other places; died before crimes were discovered [75]
Sprungk, Gabor 2007–2008 3 3 Committed suicide while imprisoned Known as "The Mansfeld Double Murderer"; killed a Swiss woman, and later an elderly woman and her doctor in Mansfeld in order to rob them [76]
Wenzinger, Gerd 1991–1996 2 17+ Committed suicide before trial Known as "The Havel Ripper"; tortured, murdered and dismembered prostitutes in Berlin, but also in Brazil [77]
Zschäpe, Beate 2000–2007 10 10 Sentenced to life imprisonment Neo-Nazi who killed immigrants throughout Germany, with accomplices Uwe Böhnhardt and Uwe Mundlos [78]
Dirk P. 2012–2013 3 3 Sentenced to life imprisonment Murdered three victims and one survived [79] [80]

Unidentified serial killers

[edit]
Name Years active Proven victims Possible victims Region where active Notes Ref
Hamburg rubble murderer 1947 4 4 Hamburg Killed 4 people during the cold winter in Hamburg; convicted serial killer Rudolf Pleil was questioned, but later cleared of these murders [81]
Münsterland murders 1971–1974 4 4+ North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony Kidnapped and killed at least four hitchhikers in the Münster and Bentheim regions [82]
Pirmasens child killer 1960–1967 3 3 Rhineland-Palatinate Suspected abductor and child killer responsible for the disappearance of three children from the town of Pirmasens [83]
Saw-Killer of Hanover 1975–1977 6 6+ Lower Saxony Killed and dismembered at least four women and two men around Hanover, dumping their body parts at various places in the city [84]
Sewer Murders 1976–1989 7 7 Frankfurt Rhine-Main Also called "The Sewage Plant Murders"; the bodies of several young boys and adolescents were discovered near sewage treatment plants in Frankfurt Rhine-Main, leading authorities to believe they were killed by a serial killer [85]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ronald M. Holmes; Stephen T. Holmes (1998). Contemporary Perspectives on Serial Murder. SAGE Publications. p. 1. ISBN 0-7619-1421-8. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Serial murder is the killing of three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a significant cooling-off period between the murders [...] The baseline number of three victims appears to be most common among those who are the academic authorities in the field. The time frame also appears to be an agreed-upon component of the definition.
  2. ^ Burkhalter Chmelir, Sandra (2003). "Serial Killers". In Robert Kastenbaum (ed.). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson/Gale. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009.
  3. ^ Burkhalter Chmelir 2003, p. 1.
  4. ^ Morton, RJ (2005). Serial murder multi-disciplinary perspectives for investigators (PDF) (Report). Federal Bureau of Investigation. pp. 4, 9. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
  5. ^ "Der Kindermörder Jürgen Bartsch". Das Erste (in German). May 18, 2000. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
  6. ^ Frankfurter Rundschau of November 5, 1968[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Jonas Eberhardt; Jörg Brückner (2001). A thousand devils, the long Jörg and other bad boys (in German). Vol. 12. Neue Wernigeröder Zeitung. p. 22.
  8. ^ Der Spiegel, article Murderer on the way from July 5, 1971
  9. ^ Corke, Jonathan (December 7, 2003). "Cannibal's victim in cold packs; Exclusive pleased to meat you". Daily Star. p. 21.
  10. ^ Sven Rieber (September 10, 2019). "Johann Eichhorn: Die Bestie aus Aubing" [Johann Eichhorn: The Beast of Aubing] (in German). Merkur.de. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021.
  11. ^ Dreyerley Neüwezeitung, pp. 11–15. (in German)
  12. ^ "Eine einzigartige Mordserie: Der Hammermörder | MDR.DE". Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  13. ^ Herber, p. 1–2.
  14. ^ Wiltenburg ch 1, 2012
  15. ^ Karin Truscheit (27 February 2015). "Back in the future". FAZ.net (in German). Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  16. ^ Willibald Alexis / Julius Eduard Hitzig: Kriminalfälle des neuen Pitaval - Gesche Margaretha Gottfried
  17. ^ "East Mississippi times. (Starkville, Miss.) 19??-1926, July 14, 1922, Image 7". 14 July 1922 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
  18. ^ "Slayer of 30 Near Collapse at his Trial". The Southeast Missourian. 15 December 1924. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  19. ^ Möckl, Sybille (29 January 2013). "ARD-Drama 'Mord in Eberswalde': Der verheimlichte Serienmörder der DDR". RP ONLINE. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  20. ^ Simone Benne: Hanover's robber killer Hanebuth and his legendary fame, HAZ from 19.
  21. ^ "Triple murders - The blood trails of the Heidemörder" (in German). mopo.de. 26 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  22. ^ "Fritz Honka: Der Frauenmörder von St Pauli". NDR.de (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  23. ^ 1913, poisoner Karl Hopf, arsenic in champagne, FAZ from June 24, 2017
  24. ^ ""Kein Blut und keine Tinte"" ['No blood and no ink'] (in German). Der Spiegel. May 27, 1973. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021.
  25. ^ "Der "Schrecken der brandenburgischen Wälder"" ['The Horror of the Brandenburg Forest'] (in German). Märkische Allgemeine. November 14, 2014. Archived from the original on August 1, 2021.
  26. ^ Dunning, John (1992). Strange Deaths. Mulberry Editions. pp. 218–219. ISBN 1-873123-13-2.
  27. ^ "Peter Kürten: The Vampire of Dusseldorf/The Crimes". crimeandinvestigation.co.uk. 2015-12-10. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  28. ^ Julia und Peter Murakami: Lexikon der Serienmörder. 450 Fallstudien einer pathologischen Tötungsart München 2001, S. 117
  29. ^ Entry on Kurtrierisches Amtshaus and Burgmannenhaus (altes Gefängnis „Prison", „Bulles", „Büllesje", heute Heimatmuseum Kaisersesch) in the „KuLaDig“ Database of the Landschaftsverbands RheinlandEntry on Kurtrierisches Amtshaus und Burgmannenhaus (altes Gefängnis „Prison", „Bulles", „Büllesje", heute Heimatmuseum Kaisersesch) in the „KuLaDig“ Database of the Landschaftsverbands Rheinland
  30. ^ Mike Straschewski; Michael Dittrich. "Geschichte und Geschichten rund um die Berliner S-Bahn". Stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  31. ^ Höller, Gerd (2022-09-07). Lexikon Deutscher Serienmörder (in German). BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-7543-8432-9.
  32. ^ Spitra, Helfried (2004). Die grossen Kriminalfälle: der St. Pauli-Killer, der Ausbrecherkönig und neun weitere berühmte Verbrechen (in German). Campus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-593-37438-3.
  33. ^ Eye to eye with the Deadmaker on peiner-zeitung.de, retrieved on September 19, 2013
  34. ^ ""Greed" episode from Die Cleveren". Archived from the original on 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  35. ^ Lifelong imprisonment: murderer Pommerenke dies after almost 50 years behind bars. In: tagesspiegel.de, December 30, 2008
  36. ^ "Hunchback Gaoled for Murders". Canberra Times. 21 December 1953. Retrieved March 8, 2012.[title missing]
  37. ^ Hauke Goos (2 January 2005). "Der Großwildjäger" [The Big Game Hunter]. Der Spiegel (in German). No. 1. pp. 42–46.
  38. ^ Michael Weeke (24 July 2018). ""The Strangler of Aachen": The bizarre death of a serial killer" (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  39. ^ Heinrich, Daniel (2018-10-30). "Deutschlands schlimmste Serienmörder | DW | 30.10.2018". DW News (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  40. ^ Frey, Erich, Ich beantrage Freispruch. Aus den Erinnerungen des Strafverteidigers Prof. Dr. Dr. Erich Frey, Blüchert Verlag, Hamburg 1959, p. 40.
  41. ^ Central file for the murder cases and teaching materials collection at tools.wmflabs.org (Error: unknown archive URL) (archived 27 August 2013)
  42. ^ "The deeds of the most notorious serial offenders in criminal history". Die Welt (in German). 10 October 2004.
  43. ^ Maximillian Jacta, A clever capital criminal - The case of August Sternickel, in: Famous criminal processes, Volume Germany II, Goldmann-Verlag, Munich 1967, p. 205. (in German)
  44. ^ Katrin Bischoff (July 2, 2023). "Er tötete kleine Jungs: Wie ein Feldwebel der NVA zum Serienmörder wurde" [He killed little boys: How an NVA sergeant became a serial killer]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on July 2, 2023.
  45. ^ Wagner, Stephen. "The Werewolf of Bedburg". Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  46. ^ Tilstone, William J.; Savage, Kathleen A.; Clark, Leigh A. (2006). Forensic Science: An Encyclopedia of History, Methods, and Techniques. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-194-6.
  47. ^ Griffiths, Arthur (1900). The history and romance of crime from the earliest time to the present day. London: The Grolier Society. pp. 82–90.
  48. ^ Ute Bönnen; Gerald Endres. "The Bilberry Mariechen" (in German). boen-end.de.
  49. ^ Kirchschlager, Michael (2007). Historische Serienmörder (in German). Kirchschlager. ISBN 978-3-934277-13-7.
  50. ^ ""Göhrde Murders": Perpetrators identified, questions remain" (in German). NDR. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  51. ^ "Willibald Alexis: A collection of the most interesting crime stories of all countries of modern and modern times. Founded by the Criminal Director Dr. JE Hitzig and dr. W. Haring (W. Alexis). Continued by Dr. A. Vollert. New series. Fourth volume. Leipzig: FA Brockhaus. 1869. Chapter 3: The master bookbinder Ferdinand Wittmann (Wollin and Poznan, Sixfold poisoning) 1862-1868" (in German). Spiegel Online Kultur. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  52. ^ Mauz, Gerhard (November 21, 1971). "Signs without disease value". Der Spiegel (in German). Spiegel Online. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  53. ^ Dan Norder, Wolf Vanderlinden and Paul Begg, Ripper Notes: Madmen, Myths and Magic, Inklings Press, 2004, p. 17
  54. ^ Karoline Beyer (May 5, 2013). "Charité's "Angel of Death" - visit to a murderer" (in German). Berliner Morgenpost.
  55. ^ "Murder cases in Bodenfelde: Near Höxter: "Black Widow" lured victims into death trap by ads". Focus Online (in German). 2 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  56. ^ "Döner-Mörder: Waren sie Einzeltäter oder gibt es ein Netzwerk?". Deutsch Türkische Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  57. ^ Gisela Friedrichsen (1995), "Eher Sache der Philosophie?", Der Spiegel, 9 April, no. 52, pp. 62–63
  58. ^ "Prostitute killer found dead in his cell in Germany". Typically Spanish. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  59. ^ "Monster oder Mensch" (in German). Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  60. ^ Mordfall Levke – „Er war einfach nicht gesegnet" Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, Stern, 2004, April 1, 2012
  61. ^ Gerichtsurteil – Höchststrafe für Kindermörder Hoffmann Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, Stern, 2005, April 1, 2012
  62. ^ "Nurse 'killed patients because he was bored'". The Local. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  63. ^ Eddy, Melissa (May 10, 2019). "Hundreds of Bodies, One Nurse: German Serial Killer Leaves as Many Questions as Victims". The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  64. ^ Gisela Friedrichsen (24 March 1997). "Refuge with the Nazis". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  65. ^ Germany's Angel of Death Sentenced to Life in Prison[dead link]. Times Online. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  66. ^ Three women killed. Lifelong imprisonment for "Brummi Killer": Verdict - WORLD. RP-Online, June 4, 2007
  67. ^ "Döner-Mörder: Waren sie Einzeltäter oder gibt es ein Netzwerk?". Deutsch Türkische Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  68. ^ "Fahndungserfolg: Verdächtiger im Fall Dennis gesteht Morde an drei Kindern" (in German). spiegel.de. April 15, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  69. ^ "Stephan Harbort – Kriminalist & Autor". Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  70. ^ «The" Ghost of Kehl "admits his crimes» Article by Geoffroy Tomasovitch published on May 19, 2005 in Le Parisien
  71. ^ Hans-Werner Loose (20 November 1998). "Rieken described how he murdered Christina". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  72. ^ Berlin district court imposed a double life imprisonment; in: Berliner Zeitung on March 6, 1996
  73. ^ Julia Jüttner (February 4, 2018). "Why a woman murdered three people in five weeks". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021.
  74. ^ Becker, Claudia (July 16, 2013). "Der Serienkiller darf sich ein bisschen frei bewegen" [The serial killer may move a bit freely]. Die Welt (in German). Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  75. ^ Maintower Kriminalreport Extra: The serial killer from Schwalbach.
  76. ^ "JVA Burg: Doppelmörder von Mansfeld Gabor S. ist tot" [JVA Burg: Mansfeld double murderer Gabor S. is dead]. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (in German). October 10, 2018. Archived from the original on February 11, 2023.
  77. ^ Redaktion neues deutschland. "Alleged murderer should be extradited" (in German). Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  78. ^ "Döner-Mörder: Waren sie Einzeltäter oder gibt es ein Netzwerk?". Deutsch Türkische Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  79. ^ "Darkroom Killer is a serial criminal". Bild.
  80. ^ "Netflix's Nightlife Killer, from the makers of Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy Rich, will cover a spate of murders in the Berlin party scene". GQ.
  81. ^ "Riddle about the Rubble Murderer: Hamburg police interrogated more than 1000 people - A hint from Berlin" (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt No. 225. 27 September 1952. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  82. ^ Sohrab Dabir (March 2, 2021). "Der Münsterlandmörder: Die Suche nach einem Phantom" [The Münsteland Killer: The Search for a Phantom]. Hallo24 (in German). Archived from the original on January 13, 2022.
  83. ^ "No bodies and no confession". Die Zeit (in German). 11 March 1976.
  84. ^ Der ungefasste Serienkiller von Hannover.
  85. ^ Film contribution, Kriminalreport Hessen.
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