John Graham (pirate)
John Graham | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | Pirate |
| Years active | 1683-1686 |
| Piratical career | |
| Base of operations | New England and the African coast |
John Graham (fl. 1683–1686, last name also Grayham) was an English pirate active off New England and the African coast.
History
[edit]A merchant captain operating out of Port Royal, Jamaica in June 1683 reported being captured by Graham, and traveled to Boston to deliver a deposition against him.[1] Jamaican Governor Thomas Lynch wrote a year later that Graham was not from Jamaica but was “chief pirate” among the locals.[2]
“Doctor John Graham” was recorded as a ship's doctor aboard a vessel which left Jamaica in 1684 on a trading and privateering mission. Graham led a mutiny, marooning the previous commander and turning the ship to piracy.[3] A captured sailor reported, “Thence they sailed for Virginia and New England, thence to the Guinea Coast (Gambia), and back to Carolina, where she was wrecked.”[4] They had taken several ships off Sierra Leone,[5] possibly under a different captain,[4] possibly under Graham.[3]
After arriving back off the American coast, Graham was captured and jailed in Nantucket.[6] He escaped with the help of some Cape Cod locals.[7] Connecticut and Rhode Island officials put out alerts and warned officers to be ready to arrest him.[8]
Later in 1685 merchant Captain John Prentice put into New London, Connecticut, where a sloop under Captain Veale anchored by his ship. Onshore he observed Veale and his cargo master trying to buy cannons.[9] Another merchant captain recognized Veale as a pirate who had attacked him off Virginia and alerted the authorities, causing Veale to sail away.[10] Prentice set sail a few days later, noticing Veale's sloop alongside a 14-man shallop,[11] which he saw was commanded by Graham.[11] They pursued Prentice, exchanging cannon fire until Prentice was able to escape under cover of a thunderstorm. He sailed to Boston, where Graham's reputation preceded him, and informed officials that Graham and Veale were nearby.[12] Boston authorities sent out a privateer barque under Samson Waters to arrest them,[13] but the pirates had made a getaway toward Cape Ann.[11]
In 1686 Graham and Veale were still sailing in concert, cruising off New England. Samson Waters was again commissioned by Massachusetts to hunt them down, again unsuccessfully.[6]
See also
[edit]- Thomas Pound, another pirate out of Boston who was active around New England a few years after Graham and Veale.
References
[edit]- ^ "acadianroots: Abraham Boudreau". acadianroots. 6 March 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Fortescue, J.W. (1898). America and West Indies: June 1684 | British History Online. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 645–664. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b Cordingly, David (2013). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307763075. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ a b Fortescue, J.W. (1899). America and West Indies: June 1685 | British History Online. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 47–61. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Kup, Alexander Peter (1961). A History of Sierra Leone, 1400-1787. London: CUP Archive. p. 53. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b Radune, Richard A. (2005). Pequot Plantation: The Story of an Early Colonial Settlement. Branford CT: Research in Time Publications. pp. 245–247. ISBN 9780976434108. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Smith-Johnson, Robin (2016). Legends & Lore of Cape Cod. Charleston SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625856753. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Trumbull, J. Hammond (1859). The public records of the colony of Connecticut [1636-1776] ...: transcribed and published, (in accordance with a resolution of the general assembly) ... Hartford CT: Brown & Parsons. pp. 154–155. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Pirates Slip into Massachusetts Bay". Footnotes Since the Wilderness. 7 July 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Little, Benerson (2007). The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674-1688. Dulles VA: Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612343617. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b c Marley, David (2010). Pirates of the Americas. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 154, 392–393. ISBN 9781598842012. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Dow, George Francis; Edmonds, John Henry (2012). The Pirates of the New England Coast 1630-1730. New York: Courier Corporation. pp. 27–29. ISBN 9780486138145. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Savage, James; Farmer, John; Dexter, Orrando Perry (1862). A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England (S-Z ed.). Boston: Little, Brown. p. 345. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
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