Jiangshan dialect

Jiangshan dialect
江山話
Native to	China
Region	Jiangshan city, Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province
Native speakers	(undated figure of 500,000–600,000)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Wu Chuqu Jiangshan dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	long1386  Jiangshan

The Jiangshan dialect (江山話) is a Southern Wu dialect, closely related to that of Quzhou. It is spoken in Jiangshan, a city in Quzhou prefecture, China.

Phonology

Initials

		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m 馬	n 腦		ŋ 我
Plosive	tenuis	p 巴	t 豬		k 姜
	aspirated	pʰ 怕	tʰ 聽		kʰ 氣
	slack voice	b̥ 爬	d̥ 同		ɡ̊ 群
Affricate	tenuis		ts 再	tɕ 朱
	aspirated		tsʰ 寸	tɕʰ 唱
	slack voice		d̥z̥ 茶	d̥ʑ̊ 傳
Fricative	tenuis	f 夫	s 山	ɕ 心		h 曉
	slack voice	v̥ 浮	z̥ 事	ʑ̊ 樹		ɦ 雲
Approximant			l 李

Finals

耳 [ør]	衣 [ɦi]	无 [vu]	雨 [ɦy]	之 [tsɿ]
拉 [lɑ]	家 [kiɑ]	瓦 [ŋuɑ]
鞋 [ɦæ]	也 [ɦiæ]	快 [kʰuæ]
天 [tʰiɛ̃]		全 [ʑyɛ̃]
开 [kʰe]		会 [kue]
哥 [ko]
包 [pɐɯ]	表 [piɐɯ]
楼 [lɯ]	秋 [tɕʰiɯ]
三 [sã]	香 [hiã]	关 [kuã]
干 [kɔ̃]	状 [ʑiɔ̃]
盘 [bɐ̃]	官 [kuɐ̃]
门 [mõ]	穷 [ɡiõ]
齿 [tsʰɿə]	鱼 [ŋɯə]
金 [kœ̃]		森 [ɕyœ̃]
京 [kĩ]		春 [tɕʰỹ]
八 [paʔ]	学 [ɦiaʔ]	扩 [kʰuaʔ]
笔 [pœʔ]		十 [ʑyœʔ]
日 [nəʔ]	习 [ʑiɛʔ]		越 [ɦyɛʔ]
月 [ŋoʔ]	肉 [ʑioʔ]
合 [kɔʔ]		肉 [ŋyɔʔ]

Tones

The Jiangshan dialect is considered to have eight tones. However, since tone split from Middle Chinese, each character still depends on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: pin, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless, as their distinctiveness lies in a final glottal stop.)

Tone chart of Jiangshan dialect

Number	Tone name	Tone contour	Examples
1	陰平 yīn píng	˦ (44)	天空飛山
2	陽平 yáng píng	˨˧˩ (231)	南來田皮
3	陰上 yīn shàng	˧˨˦ (324)	紙九火口
4	陽上 yang shàng	˨ (22)	坐買有被
5	陰去 yīn qù	˥˩ (51)	菜四送去
6	陽去 yáng qù	˧˩ (31)	備洞路硬
7	陰入 yīn rù	˦˥ʔ (45)	七雪踢客
8	陽入 yáng rù	˩˨ʔ (12)	六肉白獨